土壤添加西兰花残体对棉花根际土壤酶活性的影响及其与碳代谢特征的关系

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.11.005

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this study is to research the effect of broccoli residues (BR) on enzyme activity of cotton rhizosphere soil and relationships between enzyme activity and carbon source utilization capacity, and to provide a theoretical basis for revealing the ecological mechanism of BR to prevent Verticillium wilt disease and promote the growth of cotton.【Method】In this study, soil treated with BR and soil treated without BR (CK) were set, and the activities of peroxidase, neutral phosphatase, arylsulfatase, chitinase, urease, β-glucosidase and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase in the rhizosphere soil of different treatments were determined, respectively. Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index, Pielou index, McIntosh index, and richness index of different treatments were studied by Biolog-ECO technology. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to compare the characteristics of microbial metabolic activity in rhizosphere soil under different treatments, and redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to analyze the correlations between soil enzyme activity and the utilization capacity of different types of carbon sources.【Result】Compared with the CK, the plant height, branch and boll numbers treated with BR significantly increased by 12.73%, 16.95%, and 10.36%, respectively. The disease index of cotton Verticillium wilt treated with BR decreased by 64.19%. BR treatment significantly increased pH, nitrate nitrogen (NO₃^--N) and organic matter (OM) contents in rhizosphere soil. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in the functional diversity index of rhizosphere microorganisms between treatments. However, BR changed the metabolic activities of rhizosphere microorganisms. BR treatment significantly increased the activity of enzymes related to cycles of different nutrient elements. In the aspect of carbon cycle, the activity of peroxidase and β-glucosidase was 2.70 and 1.95 times that of the control, respectively. In the nitrogen cycle, the activity of urease, chitinase and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosidase was 1.42, 1.59 and 1.52 times that of the control, respectively. In the phosphorus cycle, the activity of neutral phosphatase was 1.33 times that of the control. In the sulfur cycle, the activity of arylsulfatase was 1.22 times that of the control. RDA showed that soil enzyme activities under the treatment of BR were positively correlated with the utilization capacity of L-phenylalanine, L-threonine, glycogen, 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, itaconic acid, and D-malic acid, respectively.【Conclusion】BR changed the carbon metabolic activity of rhizosphere soil microorganisms, significantly increased the activity of soil nutrient cycling-related enzymes, pH, nitrate nitrogen, and organic matter contents in rhizosphere soil. Meanwhile, different degrees of correlations were found between soil enzyme activity and carbon metabolism characteristics.

Key words: broccoli residues, cotton, nutrient cycle, soil enzyme, rhizosphere microorganism, Biolog-ECO, carbon metabolism characteristics

ZHAO WeiSong, GUO QingGang, LI SheZeng, LU XiuYun, GOU JianJun, MA Ping. Effect of Broccoli Residues on Enzyme Activity of Cotton Rhizosphere Soil and Relationships Between Enzyme Activity and Carbon Metabolism Characteristics[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(11): 2092-2105.

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调查指标 Investigation index	处理Treatment
调查指标 Investigation index	空白对照 CK	西兰花残体 BR
病情指数Disease index	30.83±7.24a	11.04±4.14b
株高Plant height (cm)	120.33±6.70b	135.65±1.29a
地径Ground diameter (cm)	2.10±0.07a	2.00±0.12a
植株鲜重Plant fresh weight (kg)	1.29±0.18a	1.55±0.30a
植株干重Plant dry weight (kg)	0.31±0.04a	0.37±0.07a
地下鲜重Underground fresh weight (kg)	0.065±0.0035a	0.076±0.0136a
地下干重Underground dry weight (kg)	0.018±0.0009a	0.021±0.0037a
果枝数（个/株）Branch number	14.75±1.48b	17.25±1.70a
结铃数（个/株）Boll number	30.89±2.90b	34.09±0.35a
产量Yield (kg/667 m²)	326.85±26.80a	349.57±42.09a

处理 Treatment	检测指标Index
处理 Treatment	pH	铵态氮NH₄⁺-N (mg·kg^-1)	硝态氮NO₃^--N (mg·kg^-1)	无机磷IP (μg·g^-1)	有机质OM (%)
西兰花残体BR	8.64±0.01a	11.99±0.23b	7.20±0.07a	4628.74±23.73a	0.74±0.03a
空白对照CK	8.54±0.02b	19.32±0.12a	5.75±0.27b	4582.78±41.25a	0.62±0.02b

处理 Treatment	优势度指数 Simpson index (D)	香浓指数 Shannon-Wiener index (H)	McIntosh指数 McIntosh index (U)	丰富度指数 Richness index (R)	均匀度指数 Pielou index (J)
西兰花残体BR	0.9597±0.0008a	3.2827±0.0048a	7.8398±0.2625a	28.33±0.58a	0.9606±0.0079a
空白对照CK	0.9588±0.0010a	3.2586±0.0164a	8.1877±0.2030a	27.33±0.58a	0.9520±0.0082a

Effect of Broccoli Residues on Enzyme Activity of Cotton Rhizosphere Soil and Relationships Between Enzyme Activity and Carbon Metabolism Characteristics

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