施肥对高寒荒漠草原区混播人工草地产量和水分利用的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.08.007

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study was conducted to investigate the production of artificial grassland and the response of water resource use to planting pattern and fertilization level, so as to provide the optimal planting pattern and fertilization level in the desert steppe region of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. 【Method】 The field experiment was conducted at Jintai pasture of Wulan county, Qinghai province in 2017 and 2018. Two planting patterns were set up, namely oat/common vetch mixed sowing and sole oat, and two fertilization rates were set up, which were high rate (120 kg N·hm ^-2, 103 kg P₂O₅·hm ^-2) and low rate (60 kg N·hm ^-2, 51.5 kg P₂O₅·hm ^-2). Four treatments were completely randomized block designed. All treatments were irrigated before sowing in the spring and no irrigation during the growing season. The measured indexes included aboveground biomass, plant nitrogen content and soil water content at major growth stage; The calculated indexes included water consumption during the growing stage, dry matter water use efficiency, and crude protein water use efficiency. 【Result】 Through mixed sowing and adding fertilizer, grassland yield could be greatly improved. In 2017 and 2018, the dry matter yield of high-fertilizer treatment was 34.7% and 9.7% greater than that of low-fertilizer treatment, respectively, and the crude protein production was 41.3% and 20.4% greater, respectively. The dry matter yield of oat/common vetch mixed sowing was 14.4% and 9.2% greater than of sole oat treatment, respectively, and the crude protein yield was 74.7% and 62.9% greater, respectively. The yield of mixed sowing with high-fertilizer treatment was the highest under all treatments, the dry matter and crude protein yield at harvest were 10 251.7 and 827.2 kg·hm ^-2, respectively, in 2017, and 7 589.3 and 570.2 kg·hm ^-2, respectively, in 2018. Adding fertilizer increased the water consumption of grassland, and the water use efficiency of grassland was greatly improved. In the two growing seasons in 2017 and 2018, the water consumption of high-fertilizer treatment was 6.2% and 4.3% higher than that of low-fertilizer treatments, respectively, the water use efficiency of dry matter increased by 21.0% and 4.9%, respectively, and the water use efficiency of crude protein was increased by 30.1% and 17.4%, respectively. Mixed sowing also increased the water consumption of grassland, slightly reduced the water use efficiency of dry matter, but greatly improved the water use efficiency of crude protein. In 2017 and 2018, the water consumption of oat/common vetch mixed sowing grassland was 17.9% and 9.2% higher than that of sole oat grassland, respectively; The water use efficiency of crude protein was increased by 46.7% and 51.3%, respectively.【Conclusion】Mix sowing and rational fertilizer application could increase the forage yield and quality as well as water use efficiency of grassland by decreasing the ineffective evaporation, and enhance the utilization of soil water. Which was recommended to be applied with spring irrigation conditions in the arid alpine area, the research can provide some reference for the cultivated grassland and excellent forage production in alpine arid and semi-arid areas in China.

Key words: artificial grassland, mixture sowing, forage yield, crude protein yield, water use efficiency

ZHANG XueMei,MA QianHu,ZHANG ZiLong,WANG ZiKui,YANG HuiMin,SHEN YuYing. Effects of Fertilization Rate on Forage Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Artificial Grassland in an Alpine Arid Area[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(8): 1368-1379.

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References 32

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土层 Layer (cm)	有机质 Soil organic matter (g·kg^-1)	全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg^-1)	硝态氮 Nitrate nitrogen (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available phosphorus (mg·kg^-1)	容重 Bulk density (g·cm^-3)	田间持水量 Field capacity (cm³·cm^-3)
0-10	19.92	0.75	25.82	6.11	1.44	0.278
10-20	20.90	1.02	14.68	5.43	1.48	0.292
20-30	24.74	0.75	9.09	5.56	1.63	0.269
30-40	15.30	0.49	4.83	2.93	1.60	0.273
40-60	10.60	0.21	2.76	2.18	1.46	0.270
60-100	6.73	0.15	2.53	2.12	1.55	0.263

方差分析 Analysis of variance	燕麦干物质产量 Dry matter of oat	燕麦粗蛋白产量 Crude protein of oat	箭筈豌豆干物质产量 Dry matter of vetch	箭筈豌豆粗蛋白产量 Crude protein of vetch	总干物质产量 Total dry matter	总粗蛋白产量 Total crude protein
P	**	**	**	**	**	**
F	**	**	**	*	**	**
P× F	**	NS	**	**	NS	NS

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	耗水量 Water consumption (mm)	干物质水分利用效率 Water use efficiency for dry matter (kg·m^-3)	粗蛋白水分利用效率 Water use efficiency for crude protein (kg·m^-3)
2017	单播高肥 Sole oat with high fertilization	254.1a	3.79a	0.212b
	单播低肥 Sole oat with low fertilization	219.9b	3.24b	0.155c
	混播高肥 Oat/Vetch with high fertilization	277.8a	3.69a	0.298a
	混播低肥 Oat/Vetch with low fertilization	281.1a	2.94c	0.237b
2018	单播高肥 Sole oat with high fertilization	353.5ab	1.90a	0.090b
	单播低肥 Sole oat with low fertilization	344.8b	1.84a	0.084b
	混播高肥 Oat/Vetch with high fertilization	392.0a	1.94a	0.147a
	混播低肥 Oat/Vetch with low fertilization	370.2ab	1.82a	0.117ab
方差分析 Analysis of variance
P		*	*	**
F		**	**	**
P×F		NS	NS	NS

Effects of Fertilization Rate on Forage Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Artificial Grassland in an Alpine Arid Area

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