Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2018, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (21): 4076-4086.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.21.007

• SOIL & FERTILIZER·WATER-SAVING IRRIGATION·AGROECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Fertilization Effect of Wheat Under Different Soil Fertilities

Xia XU1(),YaNan ZHAO1,YuFang HUANG1,JunYing YAN2,YouLiang YE1()   

  1. 1 College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002
    2 Soil and Fertilizer Station of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002
  • Received:2018-04-03 Accepted:2018-08-10 Online:2018-11-01 Published:2018-11-01
  • Contact: Xia XU,YouLiang YE E-mail:xuxia2011@163.com;ylye2004@163.com

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Abstract:

【Objective】The data of 1 247 “3414” field experiments, conducted in Henan Province during 2005-2013, were collected in this paper to evaluate effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) fertilizer application on wheat yields, economic benefits and fertilizer use efficiencies under different soil fertilities, aiming to clarify the response of fertilization effect to different soil fertilities, and to provide reference for reasonable fertilizer application. 【Method】The five treatments, including N0P0K0, N0P2K2, N2P0K2, N2P2K0 and N2P2K2, were chosen. According to the wheat grain yield of N0P0K0 treatment, the soil fertilities were classified into four grades: <3.0 t·hm -2, 3.0 to 4·5 t·hm -2, 4.5 to 6.0 t·hm -2, and >6.0 t·hm -2. The yield responses to N, P and K fertilizers, gross income, fertilizer profit, input-output ratio, and the agronomic efficiency (AE), partial factor productivity (PFP), the fertilizer contribution rate (FCR) and contribution rate of soil fertilities were also compared. 【Result】Compared with N0P0K0 treatment, the wheat yields with fertilizer application were increased significantly, and the yield increase and yield increase rate showed a significant downtrend with increasing soil fertilities. The yield increase rate of NPK and N, P, and K fertilizers application were 126.07%, 75.98%, 24.93% and 17.73% under soil fertilities <3.0 t·hm -2, respectively, while which were 24.35%, 15.39%, 10.36% and 8.70% under soil fertilities >6.0 t·hm -2, respectively. The gross income, fertilization cost, fertilizer profit and input-output ratio of all treatments increased with the improvement of the soil fertilities level. The gross income and fertilizer profit of NPK treatment was the highest under the soil fertilities >6.0 t·hm -2, which were 19.64×10 3 yuan/hm 2 and 18.24×10 3 yuan/hm 2, respectively; the gross income and fertilizer profit of -N treatment was the lowest, under the soil fertilities <3.0 t·hm -2, which were 8.52×10 3 yuan/hm 2, 7.87×10 3 yuan/hm 2, respectively. In terms of fertilizer use efficiency, the AE and FCR generally decreased when the soil fertilities improved. The contribution rate of soil fertilities was 63.72% averagely, and increased with the increase of the soil fertilities, the contribution rate of soil fertilities of different soil fertilities (<3.0 t·hm -2, 3.0 to 4.5 t·hm -2, 4.5 to 6.0 t·hm -2, and >6.0 t·hm -2) were 43.57%, 57.80%, 70.29%, and 80.34%, respectively. The FCR of the NPK treatments or N, P and K fertilizers decreased with the increase of wheat yield under the CK treatment or corresponding fertilizer omission treatment, indicating that enhancing soil indigenous fertilities could reduce the yield dependence on chemical fertilizers. 【Conclusions】Improving soil fertilities could increase the yield and income of wheat, reduce the dependence of wheat yield on chemical fertilizer application. Therefore, it was important to improve the soil fertilities, and apply fertilization rationally according to soil fertilities levels to ensure high and stable yield, increase fertilizer profit, and improve the fertilizer use efficiency in wheat production in Henan Province.

Key words: wheat, soil fertilities, fertilization, yield, economic benefit, fertilizer use efficiency, Henan Province

Fig. 1

Distribution frequency of soil fertilities of wheat in the Henan Province"

Fig. 2

Wheat yield increase and yield increase rate of NPK fertilizers under different soil fertilities in Henan Province The horizontal solid lines and squares inside boxes indicate the median and the mean of dataset, the upper and lower limits of box represent 25% and 75% of dataset, the upper and lower short lines outside box indicate the 5% and 95% of dataset, the upper and lower dots outside box indicate the minimum and maximum, respectively. Letters above histogram indicate statistical significance among different classification of soil fertilities (P<0.05). The same as below"

Fig. 3

Wheat yield increase and yield increase rate of N, P and K fertilizers under different soil fertilities in Henan Province"

Table 1

Agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity of N, P and K fertilizers in wheat under different soil fertilities in Henan Province"

处理
Treatmen		 基础地力
Soil fertilities (t·hm-2)		 农学效率Agronomic efficiency (kg·kg-1） 偏生产力Partial factor Productivity (kg·kg-1)
范围Range 平均值Mean 范围Range 平均值Mean
NPK <3.0 2.71—16.70 10.05±3.29a 9.39—30.27 18.31±4.39b
3.0—4.5 1.38—17.61 8.35±3.42b 9.73—34.38 20.11±4.85a
4.5—6.0 0.00—17.58 6.07±3.18c 10.71—34.59 20.39±4.79a
>6.0 0.00—12.50 3.45±2.32d 10.60—31.91 20.46±3.87a
N <3.0 0.00—32.67 14.93±7.42a 18.60—49.44 36.22±8.47b
3.0—4.5 0.00—29.71 12.13±6.29b 20.10—63.50 41.23±9.16a
4.5—6.0 0.00—24.03 8.75±5.58c 15.74—69.94 42.52±10.46a
>6.0 0.00—25.78 5.81±4.76d 24.73—59.70 42.99±8.01a
P <3.0 0.00—44.25 13.06±9.65a 37.56—98.88 69.71±15.15b
3.0—4.5 0.00—34.43 13.01±8.45a 40.20—120.25 76.21±18.24a
4.5—6.0 0.00—34.78 10.43±7.41b 40.12—135.22 78.34±19.80a
>6.0 0.00—20.00 7.38±5.46c 49.61—119.40 78.54±15.70a
K <3.0 0.00—30.63 10.77±8.12a 32.55—142.83 72.78±21.33b
3.0—4.5 0.00—33.80 9.28±7.43ab 36.46—155.25 78.59±21.60a
4.5—6.0 0.00—28.80 8.48±6.57b 50.44—138.35 80.28±19.60a
>6.0 0.00—16.19 5.35±4.58c 48.24—153.75 79.67±18.44a

Fig. 4

The relative contribution of soil fertilities to wheat yield under different soil fertilities"

Fig. 5

Relationships between soil indigenous nutrient supply and fertilizer contribution rate of wheat in Henan Province"

Table 2

The economic benefit of wheat under application of N, P and K fertilizers under different soil fertilities in Henan Province"

处理
Treatment
 基础地力
Soil fertilities (t·hm-2)		 产值
Gross income (×103 yuan/hm2)		 施肥成本
Fertilizer cost (×103 yuan/hm2)		 施肥利润
Net profit (×103 yuan/hm2)		 产投比
Input-output ratio
范围 Range 平均值 Mean 范围 Range 平均值 Mean 范围 Range 平均值 Mean 范围 Range 平均值 Mean
CK <3.0 5.21—7.47 6.42±0.70d
3.0—4.5 7.50—11.23 9.36±1.12c
4.5—6.0 11.25—15.00 13.05±1.06b
>6.0 15.00—19.14 16.53±1.14a
NPK <3.0 9.46—21.65 12.84±3.00d 0.33—2.00 1.14±0.33c 8.14—20.54 13.69±3.02d 5.01—22.50 11.78±3.31b
3.0—4.5 10.28—25.00 16.45±2.78c 0.33—2.00 1.18±033c 8.98—23.21 15.27±2.76c 5.73—24.94 13.03±3.48a
4.5—6.0 9.44—24.00 18.53±2.72b 0.33—1.91 1.32±0.31b 7.72—24.16 17.21±2.74b 6.38—27.48 13.34±3.65a
>6.0 11.13—24.00 19.64±2.67a 0.86—2.18 1.39±0.25a 9.60—23.19 18.24±2.63a 6.30—25.77 13.36±3.04a
-N <3.0 6.00—17.27 8.52±1.64d 0.23—0.93 0.63±0.20c 5.01—16.57 7.87±1.65d 5.37—38.22 13.93±6.81d
3.0—4.5 6.00—20.85 11.44±2.21c 0.23—0.93 0.67±0.20c 5.17—20.15 10.79±2.19c 5.55—46.52 17.73±7.04c
4.5—6.0 8.91—21.14 14.90±2.05b 0.23—1.11 0.74±0.19b 8.21—20.44 14.15±2.03b 8.97—37.90 19.73±5.47b
>6.0 9.12—21.34 17.18±2.11d 0.47—1.40 0.81±0.16a 8.42—20.41 16.37±2.10a 9.69—40.13 21.40±5.72a
-P <3.0 8.06—19.20 12.49±2.85d 0.21—1.22 0.81±023c 7.04—18.28 11.69±2.86d 6.80—22.87 14.44±3.91d
3.0—4.5 8.00—21.99 13.69±2.67c 0.21—1.23 0.83±0.23c 7.21—20.99 12.86±2.67c 6.42—30.23 15.74±4.48c
4.5—6.0 8.51—21.00 16.24±2.29b 0.21—1.35 0.92±0.22b 7.49—20.38 15.32±2.30b 6.12—31.50 16.98±4.49b
>6.0 8.16—22.00 17.9±2.44a 0.57—1.44 0.97±0.16a 7.34—21.06 16.94±2.43a 8.98—33.50 18.05±4.52a
-K <3.0 8.81—19.78 13.04±3.02d 0.22—1.29 0.86±0.24b 7.84—19.56 12.19±3.06d 6.10—24.38 14.15±4.34c
3.0—4.5 9.11—21.08 14.65±2.49c 0.22—1.30 0.88±0.24b 7.94—20.03 13.78±2.49c 6.80—30.31 15.83±4.30b
4.5—6.0 9.48—23.00 16.84±2.35b 0.22—1.47 0.99±0.24a 8.41—23.06 15.86±2.36b 7.87—33.50 16.53±4.50ab
>6.0 12.37—23.66 18.56±2.21a 0.62—1.54 1.04±0.18a 11.40—22.57 17.52±2.19a 8.20—30.02 17.38±3.93a
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