长期秸秆还田对砂姜黑土团聚体结构及磷组分分布的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.03.008

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】In order to provide the theoretical support for soil structure improvement and phosphorus activation of Shajiang black soil, the regulatory effects of wheat and maize straw return on aggregate size distribution and phosphorus fractions of soil aggregates were investigated. 【Method】This study was based on a long-term straw return experiment (since 2008) conducted in Mengcheng County, Anhui Province. The experimental design included four treatments: conventional fertilization (F), conventional fertilization plus wheat straw return (FWS), conventional fertilization plus maize straw return (FMS), and conventional fertilization plus wheat and maize straw return (FWMS). Soil samples of cultivated layers (0-20 cm) were collected at wheat maturity stage in 2023 to determine the composition of soil aggregates and the content of phosphorus fractions in different particle-size aggregates. The effects of wheat and maize straw return on the distribution of phosphorus fractions in soil aggregates, the phosphorus activation rates of different size aggregates and their contribution rates to soil available phosphorus were analyzed. 【Result】Compared with the F treatment, the proportions of >2 mm aggregates in Shajiang black soil under FWS, FMS and FWMS treatments were significantly increased by 35.9%, 30.6% and 39.1%, respectively, while the proportions of 0.25-2 mm aggregates and microaggregates (0.053-0.25 mm) were significantly decreased. Wheat and maize straw incorporation significantly increased the mean weight diameter (MWD) of water-stable aggregates and decreased the percentage of aggregate disruption (PAD). Under the condition of straw return, the contents of soil total phosphorus and available phosphorus were significantly increased by 6.5%-26.0% and 21.1%-37.6%, respectively. Wheat and maize straw return could significantly elevate the contents of labile phosphorus fraction NaHCO₃-Pi (17.1%-51.3%) and moderate labile phosphorus fraction NaOH-Po (19.5%-46.2%) in Shajiang black soil. Compared with the F treatment, the soil available phosphorus contents and phosphorus activation rates of 0.25-2 mm aggregates under the straw return treatments were significantly increased by 39.3%-63.9% and 37.5%-51.7%, respectively. The relative contribution rates of >2 mm aggregates to soil available phosphorus under FWS, FMS and FWMS treatments were significantly increased by 19.0%, 17.3% and 22.3%, respectively, compared with the F treatment. However, straw incorporation significantly reduced the relative contribution rates of microaggregates (0.053-0.25 mm) and silt and clay particles (<0.053 mm) to soil available phosphorus. The contents of labile phosphorus (H₂O-P, NaHCO₃-Po) and moderate labile phosphorus (NaOH-Po) in 0.25-2 mm aggregates were increased under straw return. 【Conclusion】Wheat and maize straw return was an effective measure to improve the composition and stability of soil aggregates in Shajiang black soil, and could enhance the soil phosphorus supply capacity.

Key words: Shajiang black soil, straw return, aggregates, phosphorus fraction, phosphorus availability

LIU MengYang, LIU Jie, CHEN Xiang, WANG QingYun, LUO LaiChao, QI YongBo, TIAN Da, LI JinCai, CHAI RuShan. Effects of Long-Term Straw Return on Distribution of Aggregates and Phosphorus Fractions in Shajiang Black Soil[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(3): 575-588.

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References 55

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处理 Treatment	干筛Dry sieving		湿筛Wet sieving		破坏率 PAD (%)
处理 Treatment	R_0.25 (%)	MWD (mm)	R_0.25 (%)	MWD (mm)	破坏率 PAD (%)
F	96.7±0.5a	4.35±0.03b	84.5±0.7c	2.78±0.06b	12.7±0.4a
FWS	96.9±0.4a	4.77±0.01a	92.0±0.1a	3.70±0.07a	5.1±0.4c
FMS	96.9±0.5a	4.64±0.11a	87.5±0.3b	3.63±0.08a	9.7±0.7b
FWMS	96.0±0.2a	4.41±0.01b	93.1±0.4a	3.89±0.13a	3.0±0.2d

处理 Treatment	pH	有机质 SOM (g·kg^-1)	全氮 TN (g·kg^-1)	全磷 TP (g·kg^-1)	有效磷 AP (mg·kg^-1)	磷活化系数 PAC (%)
F	5.09±0.03a	32.3±1.1c	1.22±0.02b	0.54±0.01d	38.0±0.8c	7.1±0.2c
FWS	5.11±0.05a	37.1±0.9b	1.39±0.02a	0.61±0.01b	46.1±0.8b	7.6±0.2bc
FMS	5.06±0.04a	34.6±1.0bc	1.38±0.02a	0.57±0.01c	49.7±1.5ab	8.6±0.2a
FWMS	5.03±0.04a	41.2±0.8a	1.39±0.04a	0.68±0.02a	52.3±1.6a	7.7±0.2bc

处理 Treatment	H₂O-P	NaHCO₃-Pi	NaHCO₃-Po	NaOH-Pi	NaOH-Po	D.HCl-Pi	Residual-P
F	23.4±2.3b	40.3±0.7c	49.8±3.3b	73.6±2.2c	83.8±2.7c	122.3±1.2b	186.7±1.2a
FWS	27.4±2.8b	47.7±2.3b	48.1±1.1b	92.1±3.9b	112.6±2.7ab	124.7±3.9b	191.8±6.6a
FMS	22.1±2.7b	47.2±1.2b	51.1±5.3b	78.5±2.7c	100.2±7.2b	126.5±1.5ab	188.0±2.3a
FWMS	43.2±0.8a	60.9±3.4a	85.4±3.2a	108.1±1.2a	122.6±2.9a	134.8±4.3a	192.9±4.4a

团聚体粒级 Aggregate size	处理 Treatment	H₂O-P	NaHCO₃-Pi	NaHCO₃-Po	NaOH-Pi	NaOH-Po	D.HCl-Pi	Residual-P
>2 mm	F	26.2±4.1b	59.4±5.3a	69.4±4.3b	82.7±2.9b	87.0±3.3b	66.8±4.6a	165.3±7.6a
	FWS	27.6±2.7ab	70.2±3.5a	88.3±4.3a	100.3±4.8ab	102.7±3.8b	74.2±4.3a	162.7±3.8a
	FMS	23.2±3.0b	63.2±3.4a	80.3±3.7ab	84.2±2.6b	103.2±5.8b	72.5±5.4a	162.0±1.3a
	FWMS	38.0±3.5a	58.4±5.1a	81.0±2.7ab	109.4±9.9a	127.0±8.5a	63.9±4.1a	155.8±3.4a
0.25-2 mm	F	21.0±2.7b	66.0±6.5a	45.9±3.4c	91.7±10.5a	83.3±10.8b	92.7±9.6b	173.3±2.0a
	FWS	32.4±4.7a	64.2±3.4a	61.5±2.7bc	99.7±8.5a	130.5±9.5a	117.2±2.4a	149.2±3.2b
	FMS	29.7±3.4ab	66.4±5.4a	77.1±5.2ab	100.1±4.2a	106.2±3.5ab	87.0±3.6b	158.8±2.5ab
	FWMS	33.1±0.7a	77.5±4.1a	92.5±8.5a	101.8±5.9a	114.8±7.8a	97.5±3.5b	158.7±12.2ab
0.053-0.25 mm	F	27.0±2.3a	52.9±2.8b	56.5±2.9b	113.5±0.8a	133.9±2.0ab	82.3±4.1b	140.8±1.7a
	FWS	16.6±1.9b	54.5±1.6ab	53.1±1.6b	81.8±3.5b	145.5±6.8a	73.3±5.9b	145.0±2.6a
	FMS	24.2±2.6ab	45.9±4.0b	66.0±0.5a	88.3±4.9b	123.3±1.9b	109.8±5.2a	136.3±9.5a
	FWMS	31.2±3.4a	62.1±0.5a	57.9±2.0b	118.1±3.6a	136.4±1.2a	86.8±5.8b	153.0±5.5a
<0.053 mm	F	6.2±1.7b	37.1±3.2b	71.5±2.7a	118.9±1.9a	98.0±4.6c	126.3±5.5ab	130.0±5.5a
	FWS	8.0±0.7ab	40.4±2.1b	55.5±1.6b	57.9±4.3d	137.3±1.2a	114.9±5.7b	123.8±8.7a
	FMS	13.4±2.1a	58.9±4.8a	53.3±2.2b	71.9±2.2c	110.2±4.6bc	134.2±4.8a	137.3±6.3a
	FWMS	12.7±1.5a	67.5±4.1a	52.7±4.8b	93.0±3.5b	116.3±4.7b	130.7±4.4ab	123.2±4.0a

磷组分 Phosphorus fraction	H₂O-P	NaHCO₃-Pi	NaHCO₃-Po	NaOH-Pi	NaOH-Po	D.HCl-Pi	有效磷 AP
H₂O-P							0.52**
NaHCO₃-Pi	0.60**						0.64**
NaHCO₃-Po	0.67**	0.54**					0.66**
NaOH-Pi	0.84**	0.65**	0.69**				0.58**
NaOH-Po	0.49*	0.71**	0.44*	0.66**			0.44*
D.HCl-Pi	0.50*	0.32	0.28	0.40	0.40		0.19
Residual-P	0.08	0.38	0.28	0.23	0.39	-0.21	0.24

Effects of Long-Term Straw Return on Distribution of Aggregates and Phosphorus Fractions in Shajiang Black Soil

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磷组分 Phosphorus fraction	直接通径系数 Direct path coefficient	间接通径系数Indirect path coefficient
磷组分 Phosphorus fraction	直接通径系数 Direct path coefficient	H₂O-P	NaHCO₃-Pi	NaHCO₃-Po	NaOH-Pi	NaOH-Po	D.HCl-Pi	Residual-P
H₂O-P	0.12		0.07	0.08	0.10	0.06	0.06	0.01
NaHCO₃-Pi	0.47	0.28		0.25	0.30	0.33	0.15	0.18
NaHCO₃-Po	0.44	0.30	0.24		0.30	0.19	0.12	0.12
NaOH-Pi	0.18	0.15	0.12	0.12		0.12	0.07	0.04
NaOH-Po	-0.08	-0.04	-0.06	-0.04	-0.05		-0.03	-0.03
D.HCl-Pi	-0.08	-0.04	-0.03	-0.02	-0.03	-0.03		0.02
Residual-P	-0.08	-0.01	-0.03	-0.02	-0.02	-0.03	0.02

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