猪粪配施秸秆替代化肥对蔬菜地土壤固碳及养分增效的作用

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.20.007

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Based on a long-term field experiment, this study aimed to investigate the effects of partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with pig manure plus straw on soil carbon sequestration and nutrient improvement in vegetable fields, so as to provide a scientific basis for soil organic matter (SOM) management and developing carbon sequestration strategies in vegetable production systems.【Method】Based on the optimal organic substitution regime identified in the earlier studies of the long-term experiment—replacing 50% of chemical fertilizer nitrogen (N) with pig manure combined with straw (MN+SN), this study comparatively analyzed changes in SOM content and carbon stocks over 9-10 years of vegetable cultivation under greenhouse and open-field conditions, assessed the sequestration efficiency of exogenous carbon inputs, and examined medium- to long-term crop yield, soil nutrient supply, and nutrient budget dynamics.【Result】In the 0-20 cm soil layer, MN+SN significantly increased SOM content, reaching near (open-field) or exceeding (greenhouse) the medium fertility threshold (20 g·kg^-1) after 9-10 years of cultivation. SOM content increased nonlinearly with cumulative exogenous carbon (C) inputs (P<0.05), with the rate of increase slowing after cumulative C inputs of 48.5 t·hm^-2 (open-field) and 80.3 t·hm^-2 (greenhouse). Soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks under MN+SN were consistently higher than that under the mineral fertilizer-only treatment (CN) across all seasons, stabilizing after 7 years under open-field conditions. The net carbon sequestration rates (CSR) under MN+SN over 9-10 years were 1.5 t·hm^-2·a^-1 (open-field) and 1.9 t·hm^-2·a^-1 (greenhouse), with net sequestration efficiencies (CSE) of 18.4% (open-field) and 14.8% (greenhouse). CSE under MN+SN exhibited a quadratic response to SOM content (P<0.05), peaking at SOM levels of 16.5 g·kg^-1 (open-field) and 19.6 g·kg^-1 (greenhouse). In the 20-40 cm soil layer, SOM content significantly increased after 9-10 years under MN+SN, with a quadratic relationship between SOM content and cumulative exogenous carbon inputs under greenhouse conditions (P<0.05). SOC stocks generally accumulated in greenhouse systems but showed no significant change from baseline levels under open-field conditions. Across the 0-40 cm soil profile, CSR and CSE at 5-6 years were significantly higher than at 9-10 years, with CSE of 20.7% (greenhouse) and 22.9% (open-field) at 9-10 years, showing no significant difference between cultivation systems. Compared with CN, MN+SN significantly increased available phosphorus in the 0-20 cm layer and reduced nitrate nitrogen in the 20-40 cm layer, while improving vegetable yield and nitrogen and phosphorus uptake, particularly under open-field conditions. N surplus per 1 000 kg yield was 0.87 kg (open-field) and 2.47 kg (greenhouse); open-field cultivation significantly reduced N surplus compared with CN, whereas greenhouse cultivation still exhibited substantial potential for reducing N inputs.【Conclusion】Under both cultivation systems, MN+SN achieved soil carbon sequestration, improved N and phosphorus supply and utilization, and maintained or increased yields. Greenhouse cultivation better balanced the goal of elevating SOM to medium fertility levels with efficient C sequestration, though N input rates remained reducible. Under open-field cultivation, SOM plateaued prematurely with continued exogenous C inputs, CSE showed greater sensitivity to SOM levels, and soil C sequestration potential was constrained. Organic substitution strategies should integrate long-term and short-term objectives to synergize sustained efficient C sequestration with balanced nutrient supply.

Key words: organic substitution, long-term field experiment, soil organic matter, soil carbon stock, carbon sequestration efficiency, nutrient balance, vegetable field, open-field, greenhouse

LI RuoNan, SHI JianShuo, JIA Zhou, JIANG LongGang, WANG LiYing, AI Chao, SUN Xuan, ZHAI FengZhi. Partial Replacement of Chemical Fertilizers with Pig Manure and Straw Enhances Soil Carbon Sequestration and Nutrient Availability in Vegetable Production[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(20): 4517-4530.

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References 37

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有机物料种类 Types of organic materials	设施 Greenhouse				露地 Open-field
有机物料种类 Types of organic materials	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	C	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	C
猪粪 Pig manure	207.4	242.1	157.2	1958.5	114.5	140.8	87.6	1082.9
秸秆 Straw	259.1	85.8	446.7	11154.9	149.4	53.7	282.1	6837.3
化肥 Mineral fertilizer	583.5	197.1	521.1	0	336.1	105.5	380.3	0

土层 Soil layer (cm)	指标 Indicator	至2015年From experiment initiation to 2015		至2019年From experiment initiation to 2019
土层 Soil layer (cm)	指标 Indicator	设施Greenhouse	露地Open-field	设施Greenhouse	露地Open-field
0-20	CSR (t·hm^-2·a^-1)	3.1 a A	2.1 a A	1.9 a B	1.5 a A
0-20	CSE (%)	23.0 a A	27.2 a A	14.8 a B	18.4 a A
0-40	CSR (t·hm^-2·a^-1)	5.4 a A	3.0 b A	2.7 a B	1.8 a B
0-40	CSE (%)	40.1 a A	38.4 a A	20.7 a B	22.9 a B

指标 Indicator	土层 Soil layer (cm)	设施Greenhouse		露地Open-field
指标 Indicator	土层 Soil layer (cm)	MN+SN	CN	MN+SN	CN
有效磷 Olsen-P (mg·kg^-1)	0-20	69.9 a	48.5 b	35.7 a	31.9 b
有效磷 Olsen-P (mg·kg^-1)	20-40	28.4 a	15.6 b	21.6 a	19.8 a
速效钾 Soil available potassium (mg·kg^-1)	0-20	316.0 a	320.8 a	229.8 a	237.2 a
速效钾 Soil available potassium (mg·kg^-1)	20-40	269.2 a	191.8 b	153.3 a	141.4 a
EC (μs·cm^-1)	0-20	654.2 a	782.6 a	276.1 a	386.7 a
EC (μs·cm^-1)	20-40	428.5 a	469.3 a	208.9 b	278.4 a

指标 Indicator		设施Greenhouse		露地Open-field
指标 Indicator		MN+SN	CN	MN+SN	CN
产量Yield (t·hm^-2·a^-1)		225.5 a	217.1 b	190.8 a	176.9 a
每形成1 000 kg产量的养分盈余量 Nutrient surplus per 1 000 kg of yield (kg)	N	2.47 a	2.60 a	0.87 b	1.08 a
	P	0.68 b	0.74 a	0.32 a	0.41 a
	K	1.48 b	1.76 a	0.68 a	1.06 a

Partial Replacement of Chemical Fertilizers with Pig Manure and Straw Enhances Soil Carbon Sequestration and Nutrient Availability in Vegetable Production

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