长期施用生物炭对瘠薄旱地农田固碳减排及作物生产的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.19.006

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Effects of long-term biochar application in barren rainfed farmland remain unclear. This study aimed to quantitatively analyze the impacts of biochar application under reduced nitrogen fertilization on carbon sequestration, emission reduction, and crop production in barren farmland within the Huang-Huai-Hai region through a long-term field experiment. The goal was to provide optimized strategies and scientific evidence for biochar application technology in similar low- to medium-yield fields in the region.【Method】Based on a 10-year long-term field experiment at the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Field Scientific Observation Station for Eco-Environment in Yanshan, four treatments were established in barren farmland: conventional farmer nitrogen application (N), reduced nitrogen fertilization by 40% (RN), reduced nitrogen + annual low-rate biochar application (RNC1), and reduced nitrogen + high-rate biochar application every five years (RNC5). Soil organic carbon content and N₂O emission flux were measured, and these indicators were combined with soil physicochemical properties and crop yield to comprehensively evaluate the effects of different biochar application treatments on carbon sequestration, emission reduction, and crop production in barren rainfed farmland.【Result】Compared with the RN treatment, the RNC1 treatment significantly increased soil available nutrients, with available phosphorus and available potassium increasing by 28.5% and 7.9%, respectively. In contrast, the RNC5 treatment focused more on soil nitrogen retention, significantly increasing total nitrogen in surface and deep soil layers by 7.4% and 13.5%, respectively, and significantly increasing alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen in deep soil by 10.3%. Biochar application significantly enhanced soil organic carbon storage and improved soil carbon fractions. Compared with the N treatment, soil organic carbon storage under RNC1 and RNC5 increased by 34.8% and 38.6%, respectively, and particulate organic carbon content increased by 19.5% and 20.5%, while mineral-associated organic carbon content increased by 78.3% and 88.9%, respectively. Combining reduced nitrogen with biochar application also reduced N₂O emissions. The cumulative N₂O emissions under RNC5 were 13.0% lower than those under RNC1, indicating that applying biochar every few years could effectively leverage its soil amendment properties, which was more beneficial for carbon sequestration and emission reduction in agricultural ecosystems.【Conclusion】Biochar application could substantially enhance soil carbon storage, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and improve the soil nutrient environment. Applying 3.85 t of biochar every five years could balance carbon sequestration and crop yield stability in barren farmland. This approach could serve as an effective strategy for green and low-carbon agricultural development in barren farmland within the Huang-Huai-Hai region.

Key words: medium- and low- yield fields, carbon sequestration and emission reduction, carbon components, carbon sequestration rate, biochar, spring maize

DUAN XuKun, WEI HeYa, LI JianZheng, TIAN YuPing, WANG LiGang. Effects of Long-term Biochar Application on Carbon Sequestration, Emission Reduction and Crop Production in Barren Rainfed Farmland[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(19): 4263-4276.

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处理 Treatment	可溶性有机碳 Dissolved organic carbon (mg·kg^-1)	微生物量碳 Microbial biomass carbon (g·kg^-1)	颗粒有机碳 Particulate organic carbon (g·kg^-1)	矿物结合态有机碳 Mineral-associated organic carbon (g·kg^-1)
N	57.86±3.21b	66.67±0.86b	3.47±0.26b	3.10±0.03c
RN	46.56±0.76c	78.18±2.81a	2.65±0.26c	4.10±0.12b
RNC1	62.77±2.02a	65.25±4.24b	4.15±0.16a	5.52±0.46a
RNC5	56.78±2.62b	63.73±4.00b	4.19±0.47a	5.85±0.66a

Effects of Long-term Biochar Application on Carbon Sequestration, Emission Reduction and Crop Production in Barren Rainfed Farmland

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