湖南省耕地禀赋对作物种植结构的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.10.010

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aimed to reveal the spatio-temporal differentiation characteristics of cultivated land endowment and crop planting structure in Hunan Province, and analyze the influencing factors of planting structure based on cultivated endowment, so as to provide a scientific basis for optimizing agricultural layout and coordinating resource utilization and crop production.【Method】Based on the remote sensing images and statistical yearbook data at county level of Hunan Province from 2017 to 2021, an evaluation index system of cultivated land endowment was constructed from three dimensions: geographical conditions, cultivated land quality and cultivated land quantity, and the type of planting structure was determined by using the proportion of crop planting area. The Dagum Gini coefficient, spatial autocorrelation model and optimal parameter geodetector were used to analyze the impact of cultivated land endowment on planting structure in 121 counties of the four major geographical regions in the province.【Result】(1) From 2017 to 2021, the endowment of cultivated land in Hunan Province generally presented the characteristics of "east-west differentiation, plain advantage", and showed a gradient strengthening trend over time, with obvious regional gap. (2) The crop planting structure was showing a trend of diversified transformation. The number of counties with single-crop dominant planting structures has decreased by 21.0%, but its proportion in 2021 was 52.9%, and its absolute advantages remained obvious. The number of counties with dual-crop dominant planting structure was relatively small and changed stably. The types of multi-crop dominant planting structures have gradually become more diverse, and their scales have continued to expand. The proportion has increased from 30.6% in 2017 to 44.6% in 2021. (3) Surface roughness and cultivated land slope were important influencing factors affecting crop cultivation in Hunan Province; average slope of the county area, the proportion of cultivated land area, surface undulation, heat conditions and soil fertility were the secondary driving factors affecting crop cultivation in Hunan Province. (4) The cultivated land endowment in the Dongting Lake area was relatively favorable, and the specialization degree of double-cropping rice cultivation was high. However, in the face of the downward trend of soil fertility, the proportion of oil crop cultivation could be reasonably increased in the future. The Changsha-Zhuzhou- Xiangtan region was limited by the amount of cultivated land and was currently facing the adjustment of the planting structure from "double to single", which would to some extent intensify the contradiction of cultivated land utilization. Further adjustments are needed in the future. The crop types in the southern part of Hunan Province were rich. However, limited by the terrain, the advantages of water and heat resources have not been fully utilized. In the future, the adjustment direction should be the cultivation of cash crops. The Greater Western Hunan region was shifting from a single single rice type to a planting structure of single rice-vegetables-other crops, making full use of the vertical climate differences in the mountains to form three-dimensional agriculture. However, the road network in this area was sparse, and the planting areas were far from the consumer market, which was not conducive to the market transactions of agricultural products.【Conclusion】The adjustment of the planting structure in Hunan Province should take into account the resource endowment characteristics of each region. Different strategies such as stabilizing grain production and expanding oil production, responding to the "double to single", developing economic crops, and implementing multi-layered agriculture should be adopted respectively for the areas of Dongting Lake, Changsha-Zhuzhou- Xiangtan, Southern Hunan, and the Greater Western Hunan region.

Key words: cultivated land endowment, planting structure, spatio-temporal differentiation characteristics, optimal parameter geographical detector, Hunan Province

DING XiaoYing, CAI YanRong, SONG Min, JIN DaWei, CAO ChunXia. Impact of Cultivated Land Endowment on Crop Planting Structure in Hunan Province[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(10): 2194-2213.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig. 1

Table 1

Evaluation index system of cultivated land endowment"

维度 Dimension	指标 Indicator	衡量方法 Measurement method	预测方向 Predictive direction	权重 Weight
地理条件 Geographical condition	降水条件 Precipitation condition	年降水量 Annual precipitation (mm)	+	0.041
	热量条件 Heat condition	≥10 ℃积温 ≥10 ℃ accumulated temperature (℃)	+	0.009
	植被条件 Vegetation	归一化植被指数 Normalized difference vegetation index	+	0.036
	区位条件 Location	县域距上一级行政区划中心距离 The distance of the county from the center of the upper-level administrative division (km)	-	0.028
	路网密度 Road network density	每平方公里道路长度 The length of roads per square kilometer (km·km^-2)	+	0.259
	县域平均坡度 Average slope of the county area	县域内所有栅格坡度的均值 The average value of all grid slope angles within the county (°)	-	0.091
耕地质量 Soil quality for cultivated land	耕地坡度 Slope of cultivated land	15°以上耕地面积/县域总耕地面积 The area of cultivated land above 15°/The total area of cultivated land in the county (%)	-	0.009
	耕地高程 Cultivated land elevation	县域耕地平均高程 Average elevation of cultivated land in the county area (m)	-	0.006
	地表粗糙度 Surface roughness	单位地表曲面面积/其水平面投影面积 Unit surface area of the terrain/Area of its horizontal projection surface (%)	-	0.011
	地表起伏度 Surface relief	耕地相对高程差 Relative elevation difference of farmland (m)	-	0.008
	土壤含水量 Soil water content	土壤可用储水量 Soil available water storage capacity (mm·m^-1)	+	0.003
	土壤酸碱度Soil pH	参照黄海潮等^[33]的研究，6.0≤pH<7.9，赋值100；5.5≤pH<6.0和7.9≤pH<8.5，赋值90；5.0≤pH<5.5和8.5≤pH<9.0，赋值80；4.5≤pH<5.0和9.0≤pH<9.5，赋值60；其余赋值0 According to the research by HUANG HaiChao et al.^[33], when 6.0≤pH<7.9, the value is set to 100; when 5.5≤pH<6.0 and 7.9≤pH<8.5, the value is set to 90; when 5.0≤pH<5.5 and 8.5≤pH<9.0, the value is set to 80; when 4.5≤pH<5.0 and 9.0≤pH<9.5, the value is set to 60; for all other cases, the value is set to 0	+	0.022
	土壤肥力 Soil fertility	土壤有机碳含量 Soil organic carbon content (%)	+	0.039
耕地数量 The amount of cultivated land	人均耕地面积 Arable land per capita	耕地面积/乡村人口数 Cultivated land area/Rural population number	+	0.192
耕地数量 The amount of cultivated land	耕地面积占比 The proportion of cultivated land area	耕地面积/县域总面积 Cultivated land area/Total area of the county (%)	+	0.245

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Table 5

Typical counties of spatial agglomeration characteristics of crop planting proportions in Hunan Province in 2021"

作物类型 Crop type	高-高集聚 High-High cluster	高-低集聚 High-Low cluster	低-低集聚 Low-Low cluster	低-高集聚 Low-High cluster
双季稻 Double rice	湘乡市、石鼓区、汉寿县、双峰县等 Xiangxiang City, Shigu District, Hanshou County, Shuangfeng County, and so on	—	凤凰县、花垣县、龙山县等 Fenghuang County, Huayuan County, Longshan County, and so on	韶山市、云溪区、桂东县等 Shaoshan City, Yunxi District, Guidong County, and so on
单季稻 Single rice	凤凰县、花垣县、龙山县等 Fenghuang County, Huayuan County, Longshan County, and so on	韶山市、桂东县等 Shaoshan City, Guidong County, and so on	湘乡市、石鼓区、汉寿县、双峰县等 Xiangxiang City, Shigu District, Hanshou County, Shuangfeng County, and so on	—
玉米 Maize	凤凰县、花垣县、龙山县等 Fenghuang County, Huayuan County, Longshan County, and so on	桂东县 Guidong County	湘乡市、石鼓区、汉寿县等 Xiangxiang City, Shigu District, Hanshou County, and so on	绥宁县、鹤城区 Suining County, Hecheng District
杂粮 Coarse cereals	凤凰县、花垣县、龙山县等 Fenghuang County, Huayuan County, Longshan County, and so on	长沙县、炎陵县、南岳区 Changsha County, Yanling County, Nanyue District	湘乡市、石鼓区、汉寿县 Xiangxiang City, Shigu District, Hanshou County, and so on	鹤城区 Hecheng District
油料作物 Oil crops	君山区、澧县、慈利县、沅陵县等 Junshan District, Li County, Cili County, Yuanling County, and so on	浏阳市、衡阳县、衡东县、常宁市等 Liuyang City, Hengyang County, Hengdong County, Changning City, and so on	岳麓区、双清区、赫山区、新田县等 Yuelu District, Shuangqing District, Heshan District, Xintian County, and so on	鹤城区 Hecheng District
棉花 Cotton	君山区、华容县、澧县等 Junshan District, Huarong County, Li County, and so on	衡阳县 Hengyang County	—	—
麻类 Bast fiber plants	攸县、茶陵县、汉寿县、资阳区 You County, Chaling County, Hanshou County, Ziyang District	泸溪县 Luxi County	—	—
甘蔗 Sugar cane	祁东县、冷水滩区、东安县等 Qidong County, Lengshuitan District, Dongan County, and so on	资阳区、溆浦县 Ziyang District, Xupu County	—	—
烟叶 Tobacco	桂阳县、新田县、花垣县、龙山县等 Guiyang County, Xintian County, Huayuan County, Longshan County, and so on	—	湘阴县、汨罗市、沅江市 Xiangyin County, Miluo City, Yuanjiang City	—
蔬菜 Vegetable	天心区、岳麓区、雨花区、石鼓区、雁峰区等 Tianxin District, Yuelu District, Yuhua District, Shigu District, Yanfeng District, and so on	鹤城区 Hecheng District	临澧县 Linli County	衡阳县、衡东县、衡南县、湘阴县、平江县、汨罗市 Hengyang County, Hengdong County, Hengnan County, Xiangyin County, Pingjiang County, Miluo City

Table 5

Table 6

Distribution of the number and proportion of counties with planting structure types in Hunan Province from 2017 to 2021"

主导作物类型 Main crops types		2017		2018		2019		2020		2021
主导作物类型 Main crops types		县域数量 Number	比例 Percentage (%)	县域数量 Number	比例 Percentage (%)	县域数量 Number	比例 Percentage (%)	县域数量 Number	比例 Percentage (%)	县域数量 Number	比例 Percentage (%)
单作物主导 Single crop	双季稻 Double rice	61	50.4	51	42.1	38	31.4	37	30.6	37	30.6
	单季稻 Single rice	15	12.4	19	15.7	18	14.9	14	11.6	14	11.6
	蔬菜 Vegetable	5	4.1	4	3.3	5	4.1	14	11.6	13	10.7
	油料作物 Oil crops	—	—	—	—	—	—	1	0.8	—	—
双作物主导 Dual crop	双季稻-蔬菜 Double rice-Vegetable	1	0.8	1	0.8	—	—	1	0.8	1	0.8
双作物主导 Dual crop	单季稻-蔬菜 Single rice-Vegetable	2	1.7	1	0.8	1	0.8	2	1.7	2	1.7
多作物主导 Multiple crops	双季稻-单季稻-蔬菜 Double rice-Single rice- Vegetable	8	6.6	15	12.4	19	15.7	16	13.2	16	13.2
	双季稻-单季稻-油料作物 Double rice-Single rice- Oil crops	5	4.1	7	5.8	10	8.3	9	7.4	9	7.4
	双季稻-单季稻-玉米 Double rice-Single rice- Maize	1	0.8	2	1.7	2	1.7	1	0.8	1	0.8
	双季稻-单季稻-杂粮 Double rice-Single rice-Coarse cereals	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	1	0.8
	双季稻-蔬菜-油料作物 Double rice-Vegetable- Oil crops	4	3.3	3	2.5	7	5.8	6	5.0	6	5.0
	双季稻-蔬菜-玉米 Double rice-Vegetable- Maize	3	2.5	3	2.5	2	1.7	3	2.5	3	25
	双季稻-蔬菜-烟叶 Double rice-Vegetable- Tobacco	1	0.8	1	0.8	1	0.8	—	—	—	—
	单季稻-蔬菜-油料作物 Single rice-Vegetable- Oil crops	9	7.4	8	6.6	12	9.9	13	10.7	13	10.7
	单季稻-蔬菜-玉米 Single rice-Vegetable- Maize	2	1.7	2	1.7	2	1.7	1	0.8	—	—
	单季稻-蔬菜-杂粮 Single rice-Vegetable- Coarse cereals	1	0.8	1	0.8	2	1.7	—	—	1	0.8
	单季稻-蔬菜-烟叶 Single rice-Vegetable- Tobacco	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	1	0.8
	单季稻-油料作物-玉米 Single rice-Oil crops- Maize	2	1.7	2	1.7	2	1.7	2	1.7	2	1.7
	单季稻-油料作物-杂粮 Single rice-Oil crops- Coarse cereals	1	0.8	1	0.8	—	—	1	0.8	1	0.8

Table 6

Fig. 4

Table 7

The main planting structure changes in the four major geographical regions in Hunan Province from 2017 to 2021"

地理区域 Geographical regions	主要种植结构变化趋势 Main trend of planting structure changes	典型县域 Typical county
长株潭地区 Changzhutan	单一双季稻型（保持不变） Single double rice type (remain unchanged)	长沙县、宁乡市、渌口区等 Changsah County, Ningxiang City, Lukou District, and so on
	单一双季稻型➯双季稻-蔬菜-其他作物型 Single double rice type ➯ Double rice-Vegetable-Other crops type	望城区、攸县 Wangcheng District, You County
	单一双季稻型➯单一蔬菜型 Single double rice type ➯ Single vegetable type	岳麓区、荷塘区、天元区 Yuelu District, Hetang District, Tianyuan District
洞庭湖地区 Dongting Lake	单一双季稻型（保持不变） Single double rice type (remain unchanged)	岳阳县、湘阴县、汨罗市等 Yueyang County, Xiangyin County, Miluo County, and so on
洞庭湖地区 Dongting Lake	单一双季稻型➯双季稻-单季稻-油料作物型 Single double rice type ➯ Double rice-Single rice-Oil type	临澧县、津市市 Linli County, Jinshi City
湘南地区 South Hunan	单一双季稻型（保持不变） Single double rice type (remain unchanged)	南岳区、耒阳市、安仁县等 Nanyue District, Leiyang City, Anren County, and so on
湘南地区 South Hunan	单一双季稻型➯双季稻-单季稻-其他作物型 Single double rice type ➯ Double rice-Single rice-Other crops type	苏仙区、祁阳市、道县等 Suxian District, Qiyang City, Dao County, and so on
大湘西地区 West Hunan	单一单季稻型（保持不变） Single single rice type (remain unchanged)	绥宁县、中方县、会同县等 Suining County, Zhongfang County, Huitong County, and so on
大湘西地区 West Hunan	单一单季稻型➯单季稻-蔬菜-油料作物型 Single single rice type ➯ Single rice-Vegetable-Oil type	辰溪县、洪江市 Chenxi County, Hongjiang City

Table 7

Table 8

Factor detection results and their change rates of the planting proportion of major crops in Hunan Province in 2021"

	双季稻 Double rice	单季稻 Single rice	玉米 Maize	杂粮 Coarse cereals	油料作物 Oil crops	棉花 Cotton	麻类 Bast fibre plants	甘蔗 Sugar cane	烟叶 Tobacco	蔬菜 Vegetable
降水条件 Precipitation condition	0.085 (-59.9)	0.182 (27.9)	0.151^* (-42.1)	0.079 (-69.3)	0.301^*** (10.1)	0.657^*** (8.1)	0.108 (-4.6)	0.044 (-25.6)	0.240^*** (-8.6)	0.139 (-42.0)
热量条件 Heat condition	0.310^*** (-0.3)	0.354^*** (12.9)	0.349^*** (28.1)	0.375^*** (39.0)	0.145^** (-11.4)	0.096 (-47.9)	0.0490 (-24.3)	0.076 (-12.2)	0.271^*** (16.9)	0.172^*** (-1.5)
植被条件 Vegetation conditions	0.337^*** (-21.1)	0.217^*** (-40.4)	0.351^*** (-8.2)	0.227^*** (-12.5)	0.120 (-40.2)	0.307^*** (19.8)	0.061 (-49.8)	0.065 (-13.9)	0.193^** (-13.0)	0.253^*** (-3.5)
区位条件 Location condition	0.130^** (2.6)	0.164 (4.9)	0.165^** (-1.7)	0.100^* (-14.2)	0.180^** (-17.2)	0.100 (-8.9)	0.079 (-42.0)	0.075 (-26.4)	0.111 (-7.4)	0.429^*** (35.2)
路网密度 Road network density	0.288^*** (7.2)	0.171^** (-35.3)	0.288^*** (-17.1)	0.190^** (-21.0)	0.215^*** (-18.5)	0.142^* (31.9)	0.072 (-33.5)	0.123 (-11.3)	0.148^** (-9.3)	0.620^*** (31.8)
县域平均坡度 Average slope of the county area	0.495^*** (-13.9)	0.353^*** (-18.8)	0.511^*** (-3.1)	0.410^*** (-14.4)	0.218 (-7.3)	0.472^*** (-2.0)	0.186^*** (88.9)	0.204 (35.6)	0.198^** (-5.0)	0.264^*** (46.0)
耕地坡度 Slope of cultivated land	0.572^*** (-11.5)	0.481^*** (-10.5)	0.617^*** (8.6)	0.572^*** (33.3)	0.211^* (-20.3)	0.491^*** (-10.4)	0.164^** (92.8)	0.109 (8.7)	0.228^*** (21.9)	0.196^*** (-12.1)
耕地高程 Cultivated land elevation	0.151^*** (29.4)	0.178** (24.7)	0.196^** (5.0)	0.164^** (69.4)	0.156^** (30.8)	0.301^*** (-16.8)	0.091 (-24.9)	0.167^*** (14.6)	0.167^** (-7.7)	0.118 (-5.5)
地表粗糙度 Surface roughness	0.5367^*** (-11.5)	0.455^*** (-13.1)	0.575^*** (-8.1)	0.421^*** (-7.1)	0.216^*** (-14.8)	0.542^*** (-4.5)	0.120 (49.7)	0.092 (-29.3)	0.164^** (9.9)	0.272^*** (43.6)
地表起伏度 Surface relief	0.327^*** (-22.5)	0.216^*** (-10.1)	0.682^*** (0.6)	0.448^*** (-11.8)	0.154^* (-2.0)	0.428^*** (-16.8)	0.160^* (160.9)	0.163^* (27.2)	0.178^** (-21.2)	0.201^** (51.9)
土壤含水量 Soil water content	0.230^*** (15.0)	0.2551^*** (23.3)	0.168^** (-2.7)	0.232^*** (3.5)	0.209^*** (-22.7)	0.177^*** (0.7)	0.179^*** (128.2)	0.092 (-42.1)	0.231^*** (-0.2)	0.165^** (-24.9)
土壤酸碱度 Soil pH	0.342^*** (4.4)	0.271^*** (5.8)	0.305^*** (5.8)	0.163^** (-8.5)	0.181 (-1.2)	0.428^*** (-2.6)	0.106 (23.5)	0.135 (76.2)	0.203^*** (40.4)	0.130 (-7.7)
土壤肥力 Soil fertility	0.520^*** (-8.6)	0.450^*** (-6.2)	0.405^*** (-7.0)	0.320^*** (-5.0)	0.092 (-10.9)	0.136 (-15.5)	0.120 (115.9)	0.141^* (39.2)	0.101 (-17.9)	0.163^** (247.3)
人均耕地面积 Arable land per capita	0.163^** (-38.8)	0.207^*** (-32.9)	0.241^*** (0.8)	0.160^** (-17.1)	0.129^** (33.9)	0.309^*** (42.9)	0.075 (18.9)	0.072 (18.7)	0.131 (0.3)	0.125^** (-53.4)
耕地面积占比 The proportion of cultivated land area	0.446^*** (-18.2)	0.3312^*** (-16.5)	0.404^*** (6.2)	0.314^*** (-9.8)	0.227^* (0.1)	0.580^*** (1.2)	0.158^** (68.4)	0.090 (91.9)	0.189^** (-7.5)	0.213^*** (20.9)

Table 8

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区域Area	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
长株潭地区Changzhutan	0.402	0.403	0.419	0.430	0.437
洞庭湖地区Dongting Lake	0.422	0.421	0.437	0.448	0.455
湘南地区South Hunan	0.311	0.322	0.321	0.328	0.331
大湘西地区West Hunan	0.224	0.219	0.223	0.228	0.225
湖南省Hunan Province	0.320	0.322	0.328	0.336	0.339

		2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
地区内 Intra-regional	长株潭地区Changzhutan	0.177	0.176	0.175	0.175	0.184
	洞庭湖地区Dongting Lake	0.183	0.183	0.190	0.188	0.196
	湘南地区South Hunan	0.229	0.241	0.235	0.239	0.253
	大湘西地区West Hunan	0.267	0.278	0.278	0.270	0.272
地区间 Inter-regional	长株潭地区—洞庭湖地区Changzhutan—Dongting Lake	0.184	0.185	0.187	0.186	0.195
	长株潭地区—湘南地区Changzhutan—South Hunan	0.221	0.227	0.225	0.229	0.242
	长株潭地区—大湘西地区Changzhutan—West Hunan	0.285	0.293	0.296	0.293	0.301
	洞庭湖地区—湘南地区Dongting Lake—South Hunan	0.234	0.240	0.241	0.245	0.256
	洞庭湖地区—大湘西地区Dongting Lake—West Hunan	0.299	0.307	0.312	0.309	0.317
	湘南地区—大湘西地区South Hunan—West Hunan	0.267	0.282	0.278	0.276	0.284
整体基尼系数Total Gini		0.267	0.275	0.277	0.277	0.287

因子 Factor	长株潭地区 Changzhutan		洞庭湖地区 Dongting Lake		湘南地区 South Hunan		大湘西地区 West Hunan
因子 Factor	均值 Average	变化率Change rate (%)	均值 Average	变化率 Change rate (%)	均值 Average	变化率 Change rate (%)	均值 Average	变化率 Change rate (%)
降水条件Precipitation condition	1429.382	-2.3	1268.596	-7.5	1492.085	-1.3	1374.203	-8.3
热量条件Heat condition	6196.420	4.0	5998.556	3.4	6441.088	4.9	5866.752	3.1
植被条件Vegetation	0.558	-10.0	0.559	-1.3	0.622	-7.3	0.647	-7.7
区位条件Location	41.492	0.0	48.070	0.0	54.410	0.0	55.054	0.0
路网密度Road network density	1.522	66.0	0.657	114.6	0.696	83.2	0.427	72.5
县域平均坡度 Average slope of the county area	9.699	0.0	7.252	0.0	13.514	0.0	17.389	0.0
耕地坡度Slope of cultivated land	4.561	25.0	3.477	31.4	7.014	38.1	21.762	14.6
耕地高程Cultivated land elevation	162.626	0.2	86.098	1.1	240.494	0.3	241.604	0.6
地表粗糙度Surface roughness	1.008	0.001	1.006	0.034	1.010	0.003	1.023	0.030
地表起伏度Surface relief	36.221	0.7	27.749	2.9	47.924	0.1	71.854	-0.1
土壤含水量Soil water content	137.124	0.018	142.538	0.040	137.574	-0.025	137.916	0.192
土壤酸碱度Soil pH	5.779	-0.1	6.033	0.0	5.814	-0.1	5.614	-0.1
土壤肥力Soil fertility	1.513	0.1	1.464	0.3	1.551	0.4	1.870	0.2
人均耕地面积Arable land per capita	4.773	33.7	5.068	39.9	4.019	14.8	3.094	0.7
耕地面积占比 The proportion of cultivated land area	43.613	-4.0	58.307	1.9	37.193	-2.9	28.968	-1.0

Impact of Cultivated Land Endowment on Crop Planting Structure in Hunan Province

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