蝴蝶兰花器官腺毛的分布规律及与挥发性成分的关联分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.10.011

Abstract

Abstract:

【Background】Phalaenopsis is the most commercialized ornamental orchid plant globally, with floral fragrance being one of its core ornamental traits. Glandular trichomes are key physiological structures for the synthesis and release of fragrant compounds. At present, the mechanism of floral fragrance synthesis in Phalaenopsis has been preliminarily explored, but the distribution of glandular trichomes and its association with volatile components are still unclear.【Objective】The objective of this study is to clarify the physiological structural basis of fragrance release in Phalaenopsis, analyze the correlation between glandular trichome distribution and volatile components, and to provide theoretical support for understanding fragrance release mechanisms and fragrant varieties breeding.【Method】The strongly fragrant ‘Frigdaas Huang Chan’, moderately fragrant ‘Brother Sara Gold’, lightly fragrant ‘Frigdaas Hongyi’, and non-fragrant ‘Frigdaas Peach’ were used as experimental materials. Neutral red staining, scanning electron microscopy, histochemical staining and headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) were used to systematically analyze the glandular trichome morphology, distribution, cellular reserve accumulation characteristics, and differences in volatile components. Correlation analysis was conducted to clarify the relationships between glandular trichome density and volatile content, as well as odor activity values (OAVs).【Result】Glandular trichomes in Phalaenopsis were primarily distributed on the adaxial side of sepals and petals, predominantly as capitate trichomes, with minimal distribution on the abaxial side. Higher fragrance intensity was associated with greater glandular trichome density, following the order: strongly fragrant>moderately fragrant>lightly fragrant>non-fragrant. Floral organs of fragrant varieties accumulated both starch and lipids, while the non-fragrant ‘Frigdaas Peach’ accumulated only starch. The extent of lipid accumulation was closely related to fragrance intensity. Sepals were identified as the main sites of fragrance release, with representative volatile compounds including linalool, eucalyptol, myrcene, and α-pinene. The density of glandular trichomes on the adaxial side of the dorsal and lateral sepals showed a highly significant positive correlation (P<0.01) with both total volatile compound contents and total OAVs.【Conclusion】Glandular trichomes in Phalaenopsis floral organs are predominantly located on the adaxial side of sepals and are mainly capitate in type. The distribution density is positively correlated with the content of representative volatile compounds and OAVs. Additionally, lipid accumulation in floral organ cells is a significant material characteristic of fragrant Phalaenopsis varieties. This study clarifies the structural and material basis of fragrance release in Phalaenopsis, which can provide a basis for understanding the mechanisms of floral fragrance release and the selection and breeding of fragrant varieties.

Key words: Phalaenopsis, floral organ, glandular trichome, cellular reserve, odor activity value (OAV)

LIN ShiYun, MA Di, YE GuangYing, CHEN HeMing, XIAO WenFang, LÜ FuBing. Distribution of Glandular Trichome and Correlation with Volatile Compounds in Phalaenopsis Floral Organs[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(10): 2214-2228.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

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Fig. 7

Table 1

Table 2

The 14 main volatile components in various floral organs of four Phalaenopsis varieties (μg·kg-1)"

化合物 Compound	香玉Frigdaas Huang Chan					萨拉金Brother Sara Gold
化合物 Compound	中萼片DS	侧萼片LS	花瓣Pe	唇瓣Li	合蕊柱Co	中萼片DS	侧萼片LS	花瓣Pe	唇瓣Li	合蕊柱Co
α-水芹烯α-Phellandrene	2.62±0.64a	3.10±0.29a	2.80±0.39a	0.75±0.14b	0.38±0.11b	1.14±0.42a	0.82±0.41ab	1.05±0.44a	0.17±0.07c	0.25±0.15bc
(+)-α-蒎烯(+)-α-Pinene	5.36±1.72a	6.17±0.57a	0.55±0.09b	0.11±0.02b	0.08±0.01b	2.65±0.27a	2.08±0.41a	2.46±0.38a	0.54±0.20c	1.28±0.55b
β-水芹烯β-Phellandrene	2.97±0.84a	3.73±0.29a	3.32±0.72a	0.97±0.24b	0.51±0.12b	1.47±0.70a	1.12±0.72ab	1.40±0.72a	0.31±0.02b	0.30±0.18b
β-蒎烯β-Pinene	1.42±0.43a	1.65±0.11a	1.54±0.28a	0.31±0.08b	0.26±0.06b	1.35±0.25a	1.02±0.25a	1.24±0.26a	0.20±0.06b	0.55±0.31b
月桂烯Myrcene	7.11±1.67a	8.25±1.28a	0.71±0.07b	0.23±0.05b	0.08±0.01b	1.01±0.12a	0.79±0.18a	0.87±0.18a	0.18±0.02b	0.09±0.01b
(+)-4-蒈烯(+)-4-Carene	2.23±0.53a	2.57±0.32a	2.38±0.25a	0.51±0.13b	0.23±0.07b	1.03±0.25a	0.76±0.27a	0.87±0.29a	0.13±0.02b	0.10±0.01b
间异丙基甲苯β-Cymene	1.78±0.47a	1.89±0.30a	1.77±0.20a	0.55±0.10b	0.32±0.10b	0.81±0.25a	0.67±0.23a	0.76±0.25a	0.23±0.01b	0.23±0.11b
桉叶油醇Eucalyptol	28.44±4.68a	31.04±3.33a	2.85±0.42b	0.61±0.20b	0.03±0.01b	13.37±3.44a	13.48±0.65a	8.05±2.28b	2.58±0.14c	0.53±0.10c
δ-3-蒈烯δ-3-Carene	0.11±0.05a	0.07±0.01ab	0.11±0.06a	0.04±0.02bc	—	0.13±0.02a	0.11±0.01ab	0.09±0.01b	—	—
γ-松油烯γ-Terpinene	2.94±0.52a	3.26±0.31a	3.00±0.09a	0.84±0.16b	0.41±0.10b	1.44±0.32a	1.12±0.34a	1.26±0.36a	0.18±0.08b	0.36±0.24b
芳樟醇Linalool	13.39±3.62b	18.95±5.14a	1.39±0.64c	0.05±0.03c	0.74±0.03c	2.83±0.28a	2.36±0.67a	2.35±0.54a	1.40±0.27b	0.22±0.10c
L-α-松油醇 L-α-Terpineol	—	—	—	—	—	0.40±0.33a	0.47±0.31a	0.57±0.72a	—	0.06±0.04a
阿司匹林甲酯 Aspirin methyl ester	0.43±0.38a	0.59±0.56a	0.16±0.11a	0.29±0.03a	0.26±0.17a	1.49±0.42a	0.99±0.76ab	1.28±0.28a	0.43±0.27bc	0.17±0.04c
(E,E)-α-法尼烯(E,E)-α-Farnesene	0.44±0.20a	0.31±0.08ab	0.35±0.14ab	0.24±0.05ab	0.08±0.01b	—	0.85±1.07a	0.07±0.02a	—	—
化合物 Compound	红漪Frigdaas Hongyi					红梅Frigdaas Peach
化合物 Compound	中萼片DS	侧萼片LS	花瓣Pe	唇瓣Li	合蕊柱Co	中萼片DS	侧萼片LS	花瓣Pe	唇瓣Li	合蕊柱Co
α-水芹烯α-Phellandrene	1.00±0.30a	1.04±0.16a	0.80±0.65ab	0.24±0.1bc	0.13±0.01c	—	—	—	—	—
(+)-α-蒎烯(+)-α-Pinene	0.20±0.06a	0.19±0.03a	0.21±0.03a	—	0.06±0.01b	0.16±0.13a	0.17±0.18a	0.15±0.10a	0.13±0.04a	—
β-水芹烯β-Phellandrene	1.37±0.41a	1.37±0.22a	1.55±0.16a	0.32±0.13b	0.17±0.01b	—	—	—	—	—
β-蒎烯β-Pinene	0.48±0.15a	0.48±0.08a	0.51±0.10a	0.26±0.21ab	0.12±0.02b	—	—	—	—	—
月桂烯Myrcene	0.37±0.11a	0.34±0.07a	0.32±0.16a	0.12±0.01b	—	—	—	—	—	—
(+)-4-蒈烯(+)-4-Carene	0.72±0.28a	0.72±0.15a	0.78±0.27a	0.17±0.02b	0.11±0.01b	—	—	—	—	—
间异丙基甲苯β-Cymene	0.62±0.12a	0.64±0.04a	0.46±0.37ab	0.20±0.07bc	0.12±0.01c	—	—	—	—	—
桉叶油醇Eucalyptol	1.16±0.49a	1.07±0.27a	0.99±0.75ab	0.23±0.01b	0.25±0.03b	—	—	—	—	—
δ-3-蒈烯δ-3-Carene	0.13±0.03a	0.12±0.01a	—	—	—	4.86±1.29a	4.93±1.91a	5.02±0.79a	4.69±0.41a	1.30±0.30b
γ-松油烯γ-Terpinene	1.09±0.37a	1.15±0.22a	0.93±0.73ab	0.29±0.11bc	0.17±0.03c	—	—	—	—	—
芳樟醇Linalool	0.93±0.8ab	1.13±0.61a	0.32±0.12ab	0.57±0.22ab	0.13±0.02b	—	—	—	—	—
L-α-松油醇 L-α-Terpineol	0.11±0.09a	0.18±0.02a	0.18±0.07a	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
阿司匹林甲酯 Aspirin methyl ester	0.89±0.32a	0.71±0.07a	0.70±0.31a	0.12±0.01b	0.07±0.01b	0.06±0.01b	0.09±0.01b	0.42±0.21a	—	0.05±0.01b
(E,E)-α-法尼烯(E,E)-α-Farnesene	0.72±0.31a	0.68±0.13a	0.90±0.49a	0.41±0.17ab	—	0.15±0.07a	0.19±0.12a	0.19±0.03a	0.16±0.01a	—

Table 2

Fig. 8

Fig. 9

Table 3

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花器官 Floral organ	材料 Material	苏丹IV（脂质）Sudan IV (for lipids)		Lugol’s碘液（淀粉）Lugol’s iodine (for starch)
花器官 Floral organ	材料 Material	反应Reaction	反应位点Reaction site	反应Reaction	反应位点Reaction site
花瓣 Petal	香玉Frigdaas Huang Chan	+	角质层、表皮、皮下细胞StC, Ep, CST	+	皮下细胞、薄壁细胞CST, ScC
	萨拉金Brother Sara Gold	+	表皮、皮下细胞Ep, CST	+	皮下细胞、薄壁细胞CST, ScC
	红漪Frigdaas Hongyi	+	表皮、皮下细胞Ep, CST	+	皮下细胞、薄壁细胞CST, ScC
	红梅Frigdaas Peach	-	—	+	皮下细胞、薄壁细胞CST, ScC
中萼片 Dorsal sepal	香玉Frigdaas Huang Chan	+	角质层、表皮、皮下细胞StC, Ep, CST	+	皮下细胞、薄壁细胞CST, ScC
	萨拉金Brother Sara Gold	+	表皮、皮下细胞Ep, CST	+	皮下细胞、薄壁细胞CST, ScC
	红漪Frigdaas Hongyi	+	表皮、皮下细胞Ep, CST	+	皮下细胞、薄壁细胞CST, ScC
	红梅Frigdaas Peach	-	—	+	皮下细胞、薄壁细胞CST, ScC
侧萼片 Lateral sepal	香玉Frigdaas Huang Chan	+	角质层、表皮、皮下细胞StC, Ep, CST	+	皮下细胞、薄壁细胞CST, ScC
	萨拉金Brother Sara Gold	+	表皮、皮下细胞Ep, CST	+	皮下细胞、薄壁细胞CST, ScC
	红漪Frigdaas Hongyi	+	表皮、皮下细胞Ep, CST	+	皮下细胞、薄壁细胞CST, ScC
	红梅Frigdaas Peach	-	—	+	皮下细胞、薄壁细胞CST, ScC

部位 Organ	指标对 Indicator pair	相关系数 Correlation coefficient (r)	显著性 Significance (P)	相关性判定 Correlation judgment
中萼片 Dorsal sepal	近轴腺毛密度vs挥发物总含量 Adaxial glandular trichome density vs total volatile content	0.987	0.003	**
	近轴腺毛密度vs总OAV Adaxial glandular trichome density vs total OAVs	0.992	0.001	**
	远轴腺毛密度vs挥发物总含量 Abaxial glandular trichome density vs total volatile content	0.625	0.375	ns
	远轴腺毛密度vs总OAV Abaxial glandular trichome density vs total OAVs	0.581	0.419	ns
侧萼片 Lateral sepal	近轴腺毛密度vs挥发物总含量 Adaxial glandular trichome density vs total volatile content	0.976	0.006	**
	近轴腺毛密度vs总OAV Adaxial glandular trichome density vs total OAVs	0.985	0.002	**
	远轴腺毛密度vs挥发物总含量 Abaxial glandular trichome density vs total volatile content	0.702	0.298	ns
	远轴腺毛密度vs总OAV Abaxial glandular trichome density vs total OAVs	0.658	0.342	ns
花瓣 Petal	近轴腺毛密度vs挥发物总含量 Adaxial glandular trichome density vs total volatile content	0.786	0.214	ns
	近轴腺毛密度vs总OAV Adaxial glandular trichome density vs total OAVs	0.823	0.177	ns
	远轴腺毛密度vs挥发物总含量 Abaxial glandular trichome density vs total volatile content	0.915	0.085	ns
	远轴腺毛密度vs总OAV Abaxial glandular trichome density vs total OAVs	0.887	0.113	ns

Distribution of Glandular Trichome and Correlation with Volatile Compounds in Phalaenopsis Floral Organs

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