西北灌区青贮玉米产量及品质对减量灌水与有机无机肥配施的响应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.08.005

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】In terms of the issues of yield instability and quality deterioration caused by improper water and fertilizer application, the effects of reduced irrigation combined with organic and inorganic nitrogen fertilization on the yield and quality of silage maize in arid irrigated regions of Northwest China were investigated, so as to identify optimal water and fertilizer management practices for achieving high yield and superior quality in silage maize cultivation in the irrigated areas. 【Method】 From 2021 to 2022, a field experiment based on two-factor split-plot design was carried out at the Oasis Agricultural Experimental Base of Gansu Agricultural University. The main factor was two irrigation levels, respectively, including I1 conventional irrigation reduction 20 % irrigation was 324 mm, and I2 conventional irrigation is 405 mm, and drip irrigation was used. The sub-factor included five different fertilization regimes: F1, 100% chemical nitrogen fertilizer; F2, 75% chemical nitrogen fertilizer+25% organic fertilizer; F3, 50% chemical nitrogen fertilizer+50% organic fertilizer; F4, 25% chemical nitrogen fertilizer+75% organic fertilizer; and F5, 100% organic fertilizer. The effects of different water and fertilizer management practices on the yield, grain quality, and stalk quality of silage maize were analyzed, and the comprehensive evaluation of the yield and quality of silage maize was performed using factor analysis.【Result】Reducing irrigation alone led to a decrease in the yield and quality of silage maize. However, the combined application of organic-inorganic nitrogen fertilizers helped to enhance the potential for simultaneously improving both yield and quality under reduced irrigation conditions. Notably, the combination of reduced 20% irrigation with 75% chemical nitrogen fertilizer+25% organic fertilizer (I1F2) demonstrated significant advantages. The I1F2 treatment significantly increased fresh and hay yields of silage maize, with fresh and dry grass yields improving by 9.9% and 12.7% over conventional irrigation combined with 100% chemical nitrogen fertilization (the control treatment, I2F1), respectively. Meantime, the I1F2 treatment was able to maintain a relatively high grain and stover quality of silage maize. Compared with I2F1, the I1F2 treatment increased protein and fat contents of grain by 17.4% and 20.5%, and increased essential amino acids content too, with phenylalanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, tryptophan, threonine, lysine, and methionine rose by 17.4%, 13.9%, 19.4%, 17.9%, 23.1%, 30.0%, 44.5%, and 22.0%, respectively. The I1F2 treatment increased crude protein, crude fat, and soluble sugar contents in the stover by 13.9%, 19.1%, and 15.6% over I2F1, respectively, while decreasing neutral detergent fiber content by 13.5%, thereby improving relative feed value by 14.0%. Factor analysis also revealed that the I1F2 treatment had the highest composite applicability index, which was beneficial for increasing both the yield and quality of silage maize.【Conclusion】The combination of 20% reduced irrigation with 75% chemical nitrogen fertilizer+25% organic nitrogen fertilizer was the optimal water and nitrogen management practice for simultaneously enhancing both the yield and quality of silage maize in the Northwest irrigation areas.

Key words: silage maize, quality, yield, combined organic and inorganic fertilization, reduced irrigation

WEI WenHua, LI Pan, SHAO GuanGui, FAN ZhiLong, HU FaLong, FAN Hong, HE Wei, CHAI Qiang, YIN Wen, ZHAO LianHao. Response of Silage Maize Yield and Quality to Reduced Irrigation and Combined Organic-Inorganic Fertilizer in Northwest Irrigation Areas[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(8): 1521-1534.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Table 1

Effects of reduced irrigation and combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer on the content of 8 essential amino acids in silage maize grain"

年份 Year	灌水水平 Irrigation level	有机无机肥等氮配施比例 Equal nitrogen application ratio of organic-inorganic fertilizer	8种必需氨基酸含量 Content of 8 essential amino acids (mg·kg^-1)
年份 Year	灌水水平 Irrigation level		苯丙氨酸 Phe	缬氨酸 Val	亮氨酸 Leu	异亮氨酸 Ile	色氨酸 Trp	苏氨酸 Thr	赖氨酸 Lys	甲硫氨酸 Mel
2021	I1	F1	33.9d	34.4c	80.1c	95.7e	74.1d	33.0c	172.8e	37.1c
		F2	41.1a	42.0a	99.2a	122.0a	98.5a	48.4a	318.6a	48.8ab
		F3	37.8bc	40.8a	95.7a	112.7b	91.8b	46.9a	308.4b	46.4ab
		F4	36.8cd	39.2ab	88.2b	107.4c	85.3c	38.2b	275.2c	44.8b
		F5	36.1cd	35.1bc	81.2c	96.0e	77.5d	35.4bc	185.0d	39.3c
	I2	F1	34.4d	34.3c	79.3c	95.3e	75.8d	33.9c	170.2e	38.1c
		F2	42.3a	41.0a	100.3a	123.7a	99.5a	49.5a	319.4a	49.2a
		F3	40.4ab	39.8a	95.3a	112.3b	93.9b	47.3a	304.9b	48.8ab
		F4	37.8bc	38.9ab	84.3bc	101.2d	84.6c	38.2b	274.1c	44.6b
		F5	35.7cd	35.2bc	80.2c	95.8e	76.1d	35.5bc	188.1d	39.2c
2022	I1	F1	33.3d	34.8c	80.1d	95.8d	74.6d	34.1c	182.1e	38.6e
		F2	42.1a	39.7a	100.1a	111.9b	98.7a	48.9a	322.6a	49.4ab
		F3	39.4b	40.2a	95.4b	113.3b	94.3b	46.9a	305.7b	47.1bc
		F4	38.5b	39.5a	85.8c	106.3c	85.0c	39.9b	276.3c	45.6cd
		F5	35.3cd	35.9bc	79.5d	94.3d	76.4d	35.2c	199.4d	39.1e
	I2	F1	34.3d	36.1bc	81.3d	96.8d	75.8d	34.2c	185.5e	38.5e
		F2	42.4a	41.0a	98.9a	121.4a	99.6a	49.4a	322.2a	50.2a
		F3	38.3b	39.9a	99.8a	110.6b	95.0b	47.6a	307.4b	48.5ab
		F4	37.2bc	38.4ab	81.9d	104.4c	85.2c	37.9ab	274.7c	44.4d
		F5	34.9cd	35.8bc	78.8d	94.7d	76.2d	34.8c	199.7d	39.2e
显著性（P值）Significance（P value）
灌水水平 Irrigation level（I）			NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
有机无机肥等氮配施比例 Equal nitrogen application ratios of organic- inorganic fertilizer（F）			**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**
灌水水平×有机无机肥等氮配施比例（I×F）			*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*

Table 1

Fig. 6

Table 2

Fig. 7

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年份 Year	灌水水平 Irrigation level	有机无机肥等氮配施比例 Equal nitrogen application ratios of organic and inorganic fertilizer	中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (%)	酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (%)	相对饲用价值 Relative feeding value
2021	I1	F1	37.4ab	23.6a	174.5bcd
		F2	32.3de	23.7a	201.5a
		F3	33.6cde	23.8a	193.8a
		F4	35.7bcd	24.5a	181.0b
		F5	39.9a	24.6a	161.9d
	I2	F1	37.5ab	23.9a	173.6bcd
		F2	32.8e	23.1a	200.0a
		F3	32.2e	23.2a	203.4a
		F4	36.5bc	24.2a	177.4bc
		F5	38.4ab	25.6a	166.0cd
2022	I1	F1	38.0a	24.3a	170.5bc
		F2	32.4c	23.5a	201.4a
		F3	33.6bc	24.4a	193.0ab
		F4	36.3bc	24.5a	178.1abc
		F5	38.9ab	24.6a	166.3c
	I2	F1	37.5ab	24.5a	173.1bc
		F2	32.8c	22.7b	201.2a
		F3	32.5bc	23.7a	200.6a
		F4	37.9ab	23.5a	172.8bc
		F5	39.1ab	23.9a	166.4c
显著性（P值）Significance（P value）
灌水水平Irrigation level （I）			NS	NS	NS
有机无机肥等氮配施比例 Equal nitrogen application ratios of organic-inorganic fertilizer（F）			**	NS	**
灌水水平×有机无机肥等氮配施比例（I×F）			*	NS	*

Response of Silage Maize Yield and Quality to Reduced Irrigation and Combined Organic-Inorganic Fertilizer in Northwest Irrigation Areas

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