Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (5): 975-990.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.05.012

• HORTICULTURE • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of LED Supplementary Lighting on Production and Leaf Physiological Properties of Substrate-Cultivated Strawberry in Chinese Solar Greenhouse

ZHANG Han1(), ZHANG YuQi1, LI JingLai1, XU Hong2, LI WeiHuan3, LI Tao1()   

  1. 1 Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
    2 Xiamen Tonghuo Technology Co., Ltd, Xiamen 361012, Fujian
    3 Tianjin Sanan Optoelectronics Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300392
  • Received:2024-08-03 Accepted:2024-09-27 Online:2025-03-07 Published:2025-03-07
  • Contact: LI Tao

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Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this research is to clarify the effects of LED supplementary lighting on production and leaf physiological characteristics of substrate-cultivated strawberry, and develop a light control strategy for strawberry cultivation in Chinese solar greenhouses, which will provide theoretical basis and technical support for improving the quality and efficiency of strawberry cultivation in winter and spring seasons in China when solar radiation is low.【Method】Strawberry cultivar ‘HongYan’ was grown in a Chinese solar greenhouse with substrate cultivation, and LED supplementary lighting was provided during the early stage of flower bud differentiation (lamps were installed approximately 15 cm above the canopy). The experiments were set up with different light intensity experiments (photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 254, 367, and 492 μmol·m-2·s-1, corresponding to the power of 80, 120 and 160 W, respectively), the different light quality experiments (red/blue 9/1, red/blue 1/1, and white light, PPFD of 360-390 μmol·m-2·s-1, with the same power of 120 W), and the different supplementary lighting duration and control strategy experiments (i.e. dynamic supplementary lighting for 10 h and continuous supplementary lighting for 5 h, referred to as DL10 and CL5 hereafter, respectively, both using 120 W white LED, PPFD of 367 μmol·m-2·s-1, lamp on/off strategy of DL10 treatment was the same as the light intensity and quality experiments, lamp of CL5 treatment was continuously turned on during the time period of 8: 00-13: 00), and the control was no supplementary lighting treatment. During the experiment, strawberry production, physiological and biochemical index of leaves and fruits, as well as the leaf photosynthetic parameters were measured, and the power usage efficiency was also analyzed.【Result】Compared with the control, all supplementary lighting treatments increased strawberry yield and accelerated harvest time by ~10 d. In the light intensity experiment, the yield of 160 W treatment increased by 41.9%, which was slightly but not significantly higher than that of 80 W and 120 W treatments. In the light quality experiment, the yield of red/blue 9/1, red/blue 1/1 and white light treatments increased by 55.9%, 44.1%, and 33.1%, respectively, compared to the control. In addition, the yield of DL10 treatment increased by 16% compared to CL5 treatment. Supplementary lighting increased yield due to the higher number of fruits per plant. Supplementary lighting reduced fruit water content and increased leaf thickness, but had no significant effect on leaf physiological and biochemical parameters. Supplementary lighting in the morning and afternoon significantly improved stomatal conductance, which was beneficial for photosynthesis. However, in the light intensity experiment, the maximum photosynthetic capacity of the leaves treated with 160 W was significantly lower than that of 120 W treatment, and the stomatal conductance was also lower than that of the control. Regarding the power usage efficiency, red/blue 9/1 (120 W) treatment was the highest, while the 160 W white light was the lowest among all treatments. The power usage efficiency of DL10 treatment was 2.6 times that of CL5 treatment.【Conclusion】Supplementary lighting can significantly improve strawberry production and accelerate harvest time in winter and spring seasons when solar light is limited, appropriate supplementary light intensity is crucial for yield formation, and supplementing with a high fraction of red light has the best effect on strawberry production, dynamic supplementary light control strategy can significantly improve the power usage efficiency.

Key words: LED supplementary lighting, strawberry, yield, photosynthesis, Chinese solar greenhouse

Fig. 1

Overview of the experimental setup and the relative photon flux density of the LED lamps"

Table 1

Details of the experimental design and parameters of LED supplementary lighting"

试验
Experiment		 处理
Treatment		 LED功率
LED power (W)		 光合光子通量密度
Photosynthetic photon flux density (μmol·m-2·s-1)		 补光灯控制策略
LED lighting control strategy
光强
Light intensity		 白光80 W White light 80 W 80 254 8：00—18：00补光灯开关由传感器自动决策* Lamps switch controlled automatically by sensor
白光120 W White light 120 W 120 367
白光160 W White light 160 W 160 492
光质
Light quality		 红蓝9/1 Red/blue 9/1 120 390 8：00—18：00补光灯开关由传感器自动决策Lamps switched controlled automatically by sensor
红蓝1/1 Red/blue 9/1 396
白光White light 367
补光时长
Supplementary lighting duration		 连续补光5 h
Continuous supplementary lighting for 5 h		 120 367 8：00—13：00补光灯连续开启**
Lamps remained continuously on
动态补光10 h
Dynamic lighting for 10 h		 8：00—18：00补光灯开关由传感器自动决策Lamps switched controlled automatically by sensor

Fig. 2

Greenhouse environmental parameters and the operation status of LED supplementary lamps"

Fig. 3

Photosynthetic photon flux density in the greenhouse during a typical sunny day of winter and diurnal variation of photosynthetic capacity in strawberry leaves"

Fig. 4

Effects of different LED supplementary lighting treatments on cumulative yield per plant of strawberry"

Table 2

Effects of LED supplementary lighting on fruit number and fruit weight per plant"

试验
Experiment		 处理
Treatment		 平均单株果数
Average fruit number per plant		 平均单果重
Average single fruit weight (g)
光强
Light intensity		 CK 4.8±0.3c 27.1±0.7a
80 W 7.1±0.1b 25.6±0.2ab
120 W 7.3±0.2b 25.2±0.3ab
160 W 7.7±0.1a 24.4±0.3b
光质
Light quality		 CK 4.8±0.3c 27.1±0.7a
RB 9/1 8.2±0.2a 25.7±0.4a
RB 1/1 7.6±0.1ab 25.6±0.1a
W 7.3±0.2b 25.2±0.3a
补光时长
Supplementary lighting duration		 CK 4.8±0.3b 27.1±0.7a
CL5 5.8±0.4b 26.9±0.4a
DL10 7.3±0.2a 25.2±0.3a

Fig. 5

Effects of different light intensity treatments on leaf photosynthetic light response curve, maximum net photosynthesis rate, and stomatal conductance of strawberry"

Fig. 6

Effects of different light qualities and durations of supplementary light on net leaf photosynthesis rate and stomatal conductance of strawberry"

Fig. 7

Effects of different LED supplementary lighting treatments on daily variation of stomatal conductance in strawberry leaves"

Table 3

Effects of different LED supplementary lighting treatments on specific leaf area, leaf chlorophyll index and total nitrogen content"

试验
Experiment		 处理
Treatment		 比叶面积
Specific leaf area (cm2·g-1)		 叶绿素指数
Chlorophyll index		 氮素含量
Total nitrogen content (mg·g-1)
光强
Light intensity		 CK 131.6±6.0a 1.09±0.04b 32.2±0.4a
80 W 111.6±1.8b 1.10±0.03b 31.1±1.8a
120 W 109.3±4.1b 1.13±0.03b 29.2±0.4a
160 W 109.1±4.0b 1.24±0.01a 28.7±1.2a
光质
Light quality		 CK 131.6±6.0a 1.09±0.04ab 32.2±0.4a
R/B 9/1 115.4±3.3b 1.19±0.03a 29.5±0.4c
R/B 1/1 114.3±2.8b 1.07±0.04b 31.9±0.4ab
W 109.3±4.1b 1.13±0.03ab 29.2±0.4c
补光时长
Supplementary lighting duration		 CK 131.6±6.0a 1.09±0.04a 32.2±0.4a
CL5 133.8±4.4a 1.13±0.03a 30.8±0.9ab
DL10 109.3±4.1b 1.13±0.03a 29.2±0.4b

Table 4

Effects of different LED supplementary lighting treatments on strawberry fruit quality"

试验
Experiment		 处理
Treatment		 果实含水率
Fruit water content (%)		 可溶性糖含量
Soluble sugar content (mg·g-1)		 滴定酸含量
Titratable acid content (mg·g-1)		 糖酸比
Sugar acid ratio
(%)		 可溶性蛋白含量Soluble protein content (mg·g-1)
光强
Light intensity		 CK 89.6±1.3a 48.0±1.0b 5.1±0.2b 9.6±0.3a 382.0±16.2b
80 W 87.8±0.5b 56.8±3.0a 7.7±0.1a 7.7±0.5b 463.1±12.2a
120 W 87.4±0.8b 54.2±2.9ab 5.7±0.3b 9.8±0.1a 426.6±23.1ab
160 W 88.2±0.8b 51.6±1.8ab 5.4±0.1b 9.8±0.3a 469.9±14.2a
光质
Light quality		 CK 89.6±1.3a 48.0±1.0b 5.1±0.2b 9.6±0.3b 382.0±16.2a
R/B 9/1 88.3±0.5b 55.5±2.9b 6.7±0.2ab 8.7±0.5b 391.6±11.8a
R/B 1/1 88.2±0.8b 111.0±6.0a 7.4±0.2a 15.6±0.9a 384.7±8.2a
W 87.4±0.8b 54.2±2.9b 5.7±0.3b 9.8±0.1b 426.6±23.1a
补光时长
Supplementary lighting duration		 CK 89.6±1.3a 48.0±1.0a 5.1±0.2b 9.6±0.3a 382.0±16.2a
CL5 89.0±0.6a 48.9±1.4a 6.4±0.2a 7.9±0.5b 424.2±9.5a
DL10 87.4±0.8b 54.2±2.9a 5.7±0.3ab 9.8±0.1a 426.6±23.1a

Fig. 8

Power usage efficiency of different LED supplementary lighting treatments"

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