油菜品种、越冬调控和病虫害防控对直播油菜产量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.21.003

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is the first major oil-bearing crop in China. Enhancing rapeseed yield per unit area is the key to increase its effective supply and economic benefits. Under the condition of mechanical direct seeding, further clarifying the impacts of major technical factors, such as variety selection, overwintering regulation, and disease and pest control, on the yield per unit area could provide a theoretical basis for the improvement of rapeseed yield per unit area in China. 【Method】Nine high-yield and high-quality rapeseed varieties were selected, and mechanical direct-seeding experiments were conducted at 22 experimental sites (major rapeseed-producing counties) over 2 years from 2021 to 2023. A systematic study was carried out to investigate the impacts of factors such as rapeseed variety, seed treatment, overwintering regulation, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum control on the yield per unit area under the condition of reduced topdressing application of nitrogen fertilizer. 【Result】The application of three combined treatment techniques, namely seed treatment (Maishuping coating for pest prevention, D1), overwintering regulation (D2), and novel Sclerotinia sclerotiorum control (fluxapyroxad, D3), all significantly increased the yield per unit area of rapeseed under reduced nitrogen topdressing (urea 45 kg·hm^-2). Compared with the traditional loss-reduction technology mode (uncoated seeds+no overwintering regulation and prochloraz for Sclerotinia sclerotiorum control+urea topdressing, CK), with a yield of 112.5 kg·hm^-2, the yields under D1, D2 and D3 treatments increased significantly by 6.2%, 6.4%, and 10.9%, respectively, while the corresponding yields reached 2 594.2, 2 600.4 and 2 708.9 kg·hm^-2, respectively. However, only the incidence of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was extremely significantly reduced by 49.1% under the D3 treatment. Different technical combinations exhibited significant interaction effects on yield per unit area improvement. When seed treatment and overwintering regulation were combined with the novel Sclerotinia sclerotiorum control technology respectively, the yields were significantly 15.7% and 16.1% higher than those under the traditional technology, respectively, reaching 2 820.0 and 2 834.2 kg·hm^-2, respectively, while the incidence of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum decreased by 55.6% and 55.3%, respectively. Additionally, there was a significant interaction effect between rapeseed variety genotypes and technology. The application of new technologies could exceed the national regional trial yields of the corresponding varieties. For instance, the regional trial yields of Yangguang 131, Dadi 199 and Zhongyouza 39 were 2 341.2, 3 085.5, and 2 982.0 kg·hm^-2, respectively. Under optimized combinations of regulatory technology, the yields were 11.7%, 5.0% and 3.5% higher than their respective regional trial yields, respectively. A multiple stepwise regression analysis was conducted between the experimental yield and factors including the regional trial yield, disease resistance of rapeseed varieties, as well as different technological combinations, and the results revealed that the critical factors determining yield levels were the 1000-seed weight in regional trials, regional trial yield of varieties, novel Sclerotinia sclerotiorum control, and reduced winter urea topdressing rate. Canonical correlation analysis further confirmed that the regional trial yield, regional trial 1000-seed weight, and regional trial silique number of varieties determined the yield levels. Meanwhile, fluxapyroxad and Maishuping played a very important role in enhancing yield increase rates. Additionally, the novel Sclerotinia sclerotiorum control technology and overwintering stress resistance regulation were related to reducing the incidence of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. 【Conclusion】In the mechanical production of rapeseed, the regional trial yield of varieties was a key factor affecting the rapeseed yield levels. The use of fluxapyroxad to control Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was an effective factor for reducing the yield loss caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum at present. The combination of seed treatment, overwintering regulation and the novel Sclerotinia sclerotiorum control technology could further exert the yield potential of rapeseed varieties. It was suggested that in practical production, high-yield and high-quality varieties should be selected, and loss-reduction technologies, such as supporting seed treatment, overwintering regulation and fluxapyroxad, should be matched to achieve a significant improvement in rapeseed yield per unit area.

Key words: rapeseed, yield, variety, Sclerotium disease, pydiflumetofen, seed treatment, over-winter regulation

YANG Long, ZHANG XueKun, CHEN AiWu, LI Mei, CHENG Tai, MA WuHui, XU BenBo, XU JinSong. Effects of Variety, Over-Winter Regulation, and Pest and Disease Control on Rapeseed Yield[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(21): 4333-4345.

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因变量（Y） Dependent variable		非标准化系数 Unstandardized coefficient		标准化系数 Standardized coefficient	自变量单独检验统计量 t	回归系数显著性 P	方差膨胀因子 VIF
因变量（Y） Dependent variable		回归系数与截距 B	标准误 Standard error	常数为0时的回归系数值 Beta	自变量单独检验统计量 t	回归系数显著性 P	方差膨胀因子 VIF
产量 Yield	常数 Constant	86.469	18.441	-	4.689	0**	-
	追施氮量 Urea	-2.354	0.960	-0.187	-2.454	0.015*	1.196
	氟唑菌酰羟胺 Pydiflumetofen	0.221	0.065	0.260	3.401	0.001**	1.197
	区试产量 Regional trials yield	0.312	0.072	0.304	4.332	0**	1.013
	区试千粒重 Regional trials 1000 seeds weight	10.920	3.456	0.223	3.160	0.002**	1.020
	R²	0.323
	调整R² Adjust R²	0.304
	F	F (4,139)=16.598, P=0.000

Effects of Variety, Over-Winter Regulation, and Pest and Disease Control on Rapeseed Yield

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减损技术因子Field loss control factors
处理 Treatment	氮肥追施量 Nitrogen topdressing level (kg·hm^-2)	种子处理 Seed treated with thiamethoxam (mL·hm^-2)	有机水溶肥冬季调控 Over-winter regulation with Organic water-soluble fertilizer (mL·hm^-2)	咪鲜胺传统防病技术 Traditional technology with Prochloraz (mL·hm^-2)	氟唑菌酰羟胺菌核病防治 Sclerotinia control with pydiflumetofen (mL·hm^-2)
CK	112.5	0	0	1500	0
D1	45	30	0	1500	0
D2	45	0	1500	1500	0
D3	45	0	0	0	750
D4	45	30	0	0	750
D5	45	0	1500	0	750

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