长期施用新鲜与腐熟畜禽粪肥土壤溶解性有机质与微生物群落的特征及其关联性

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.02.008

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】This experiment was conducted to investigate the optical properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and the intrinsic relationship with soil microbial communities diversity and structure under long-term application of fresh and composted chicken/pig manure, so as to provide a theoretical reference of soil ecology for the implementation of recycling agriculture in the red soil area.【Method】Based on an 11-year (2011-2022) long-term experiment (sweet corn-sweet corn-cabbage rotation) of the National Soil Quality Guangzhou Red Soil Observatory Experiment Station, the fertilization regimes included no manure, chicken manure organic fertilizer, fresh chicken manure, fresh pig manure organic fertilizer, and fresh pig manure. Surface soil samples were collected and subjected to soil chemical properties determination, DOM UV-absorption characterization, parallel factor analysis of DOM fluorescence absorption characteristics, and Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing, respectively. The main influencing factors were analyzed based on multivariate analysis.【Result】The composted manure significantly increased soil organic matter (122.5%-354.8%) and nutrient content, among which the chicken manure source treatments effectively increased soil available phosphorus content (1 697.2%-3 455.3%) and total phosphorus content (587.5%-812.5%), while swine manure source treatments mainly increased soil alkali-hydro nitrogen content (286.6%-311.3%) and total nitrogen content (326.4%-373.6%). Livestock manure applications, especially the composted manure, increased soil DOM content (60.3%-227.8%), among which the swine manure source treatments had a better effect on chromophoric dissolved organic matter content (118.1%-231.7%). In contrast, the chicken manure source treatments focused on increasing soil fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) content (293.4%-834.9%). For FDOM characteristic indexes, the biological index of manure application treatments was lower than that under CK (33.2%-39.2%), but the humification index was higher than that under CK (40.3%-43.3%). Four fluorescence components were identified with parallel factor analysis. The manure applications treatments mainly enriched the C3 (medium-size humus molecule containing fulvic acid and humic acid) and C4 (large-size humus molecule containing tryptophan) components, which promoted the conversion of protein-like components into humus-like components in FDOM. The maximum fluorescence intensities of the C3 and C4 components were higher in composted manure treatments. The composted chicken manure was more advantageous in increasing microbial community α-diversity, for the soil microbial community richness (Chao 1 index:19 065.6) and diversity (Shannon index: 5.6-6.0) were higher. The microbial community structures vary according to different treatments. The chicken manure source treatments were dominated by the eutrophic taxa Proteobacteria (31.2%-33.0%) and Gemmatimonadetes (4.1%), while the swine manure source treatments were dominated by the oligotrophic and efficient carbon-utilizing taxa Acidobacteria (21.0%-21.6%) and the nitrifying bacterial taxa Nitrospirae (2.6%-3.4%). Positive correlations dominated the co-occurrence networks, and Rhodobacteraceae had the highest number of correlations with other microbes. Redundancy Analysis and optimized random forest model showed that microbial communities were mainly influenced by available potassium and the C3 component of DOM, with a more pronounced response from nitrogen cycle-related microbial groups.【Conclusion】Long-term application of different manure sources mainly led to differences in humic components mediated by nutrients and organic matter input. Composted manure treatments improved the soil organic matter content and the degree of DOM humification. The available nutrients in soil and the humic-like components of DOM were the main factors affecting the structure of the soil microbial community. The response of nitrogen cycle-related microbial groups to these factors was particularly obvious and should be paid attention under long-term application of manure.

Key words: long-term fertilization, manure, crop rotation soil, microbial communities structure, dissolved organic matter

YUAN HuiLin, LI YaYing, GU WenJie, XU PeiZhi, LU YuSheng, SUN LiLi, ZHOU ChangMin, LI WanLing, QIU RongLiang. Characterization and Correlation Analysis of Soil Dissolved Organic Matter and Microbial Communities Under Long-Term Application of Fresh and Composted Manure[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(2): 307-325.

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处理 Treatment	pH	总有机质 Organic matters (%)	总氮 Total nitrogen content (%)	总磷 Total phosphorus content (P₂O₅%)	总钾 Total potassium content (K₂O%)	甜玉米单茬施用量 Application rate for sweet corn per crop (t·hm^-2)	包菜单茬施用量 Application rate for cabbage per crop (t·hm^-2)
CK	-	-	-	-	-	0	0
PM	7.39	31.1	2.95	3.65	2.77	13.2	7.68
PMOF	7.13	27.4	2.92	3.29	2.73	13.4	7.77
SM	7.24	50.8	2.31	1.80	0.72	16.8	9.80
SMOF	7.60	36.6	2.21	1.33	0.65	17.6	10.30

参数名称 Parameter name	公式/定义 Equation/definition	参数描述 Parameter description
F_n(355)	Ex=355 nm，Em=450 nm的荧光强度 The intensity at 355 nm for excitation (Ex) and 450 nm for emission (Em)	表征DOM荧光强度 Characterise the fluorescence intensity of DOM
荧光指数 Fluorescence index, FI	FI=I_470nm/I_520nmEx=370 nm	反映DOM中芳香物质对其荧光强度的贡献率 Reflect the contribution of aromatic substances of DOM to its fluorescence intensity
自生源指数 Biological index, BIX	BIX=I_380nm/I_430nm Ex=310 nm	指示DOM的生物来源比例 Indicate the proportion of DOM biological sources
腐殖化指数 Humification index, HIX	HIX=∑I_435-480nm/(∑I_300-345nm+∑I_435-480nm) Ex=254nm	表征DOM的腐殖化程度 Characterise the degree of humification of DOM
r_(A/C)	紫外光区类腐殖质荧光峰A与可见区类腐殖质荧光峰C荧光强度比值 Ratio of the fluorescence intensity of humic-like fluorescence peak A in the ultraviolet region to the fluorescence intensity of humic-like fluorescence peak C in the visible region	反映DOM中腐殖化组分发育程度 Reflect the degree of humic components’development of DOM
r_(T/C)	类蛋白质荧光峰T与类腐殖质荧光峰C荧光强度比值 Ratio of the fluorescence intensity of protein-like fluorescence peak T to the fluorescence intensity of humic-like fluorescence peak C	评价内源贡献比重 Assess the proportion of endogenous DOM’s contributions

处理 Treatment	pH	有机质 Soil organic matter (g·kg^-1)	全磷 Total phosphorus (g·kg^-1)	全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg^-1)	全钾 Total potassium (g·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available phosphorus (mg·kg^-1)	碱解氮 Alkaline nitrogen (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available potassium (mg·kg^-1)	阳离子交换量 Cation exchange capacity (cmol·kg^-1)
CK	6.72±0.027 b	11.1±1.69 d	0.40±0.062d	0.72±0.048 d	9.92±0.851 ab	14.1±4.7 d	46.2±7.90 d	28.6±6.65 c	2.43±0.030 d
PM	7.24±0.050 a	24.7±5.31 c	2.75±0.667 bc	1.80±0.401 c	8.81±0.380 ab	253.0±14.1 b	88.7±6.76 c	365.0±32.2 b	5.37±0.805 c
PMOF	7.45±0.035 a	34.8±0.26 b	3.65±0.619 b	2.60±0.067 b	10.20±1.690 a	501.0±23.0 a	142.0±0.718 b	711.0±115 a	6.50±0.407 b
SM	7.22±0.014 a	46.0±3.05 a	5.12±0.080 a	3.07±0.381 ab	8.66±0.344 ab	268.0±2.6 b	179.0±22.6 a	70.0±22.6 c	5.81±2.030 b
SMOF	6.55±0.356 b	50.7±4.71 a	1.99±0.181 c	3.41±0.361 a	7.27±1.170 b	130.0±7.4 c	190.0±20.4 a	51.0±7.81 c	8.06±0.140 a

处理 Treatment	溶解性有机碳 DOC (mg·kg^-1)	CDOM吸收系数 α(355)	FDOM荧光强度 F_n(355)	CDOM特征参数 CDOM characteristic parameter			FDOM特征参数 FDOM characteristic parameter
处理 Treatment	溶解性有机碳 DOC (mg·kg^-1)	CDOM吸收系数 α(355)	FDOM荧光强度 F_n(355)	SUVA₂₅₄	SUVA₂₆₀	S_R	自生源指数 BIX	荧光指数 FI	腐殖化指数 HIX
CK	106±13.1 d	5.4±1.22 b	412.8±59.5 c	3.89±0.633 b	3.78±0.597 a	0.595±0.076 a	0.737±0.192 a	1.47±0.099 a	0.669±0.148 b
PM	170±4.4 c	11.5±1.42 a	1621.0±166.9 b	7.30±1.570 a	6.52±1.680 a	0.598±0.124 a	0.477±0.002 b	1.59±0.008 a	0.936±0.032 a
PMOF	348±17.8 a	10.8±1.45 a	3850.0±436.3 a	4.09±0.121 b	3.88±0.144 a	0.578±0.032 a	0.485±0.004 b	1.55±0.008 a	0.962±0.006 a
SM	217±15.0 b	14.9±3.08 a	1511.0±214.5 b	5.91±1.660 ab	5.48±1.390 a	0.360±0.236 a	0.477±0.036 b	1.53±0.016 a	0.938±0.037 a
SMOF	215±23.9 b	14.9±1.27 a	1975.0±135.6 b	6.61±1.150 ab	6.35±1.080 a	0.426±0.122 a	0.452±0.007 b	1.47±0.014 a	0.947±0.004 a

Characterization and Correlation Analysis of Soil Dissolved Organic Matter and Microbial Communities Under Long-Term Application of Fresh and Composted Manure

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