影响我国主要麦区小麦籽粒和面粉锌含量的产量构成要素与土壤肥力因素

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.02.007

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study was to clarify differences of zinc (Zn) concentration in wheat grain and flour and the corresponding affecting factors over major wheat production regions, with the purpose to provide the theoretical basis for improving the Zn nutritional quality of wheat grain in China. 【Method】During 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 wheat growing seasons, 421 wheat and soil samples were collected from major wheat production regions in 17 provinces and autonomous regions of China, to explore the relationship of Zn concentration in wheat grain, flour and bran with wheat yield, yield components and soil properties.【Result】The average Zn concentration of the wheat grain, flour and bran was 28.1, 10.8 and 60.6 mg·kg^-1, respectively, with 94.8% of grain and 89.5% of flour samples could not meet with the recommended Zn concentration of 40 mg·kg^-1 for grain and 15 mg·kg^-1 for flour by nutritionists. The highest grain Zn concentration was observed in rice-wheat region (RW), followed by that in wheat-maize regions (MW) and dryland wheat region (DW), and the lowest was in spring-wheat region (SW). In rice-wheat region, the lower pH promoted the activation of soil Zn, and its availability was significantly higher than that in other regions, the lowered phosphorus fertilizer application rate was also conducive to Zn absorption and its translocation from root to the aboveground, and the average Zn concentration in wheat grains and flour was therefore as high as 31.5 and 12.2 mg·kg^-1, respectively. In wheat-maize region, the soil fertility was higher, so that the yield was significantly greater than that in other wheat regions, resulting in relatively lower Zn concentrations in wheat grains and flour, which were 27.1 and 10.3 mg·kg^-1, respectively. In dryland wheat region, the higher soil pH limited soil Zn availability and wheat Zn absorption, leading to the grain and flour Zn concentration being relatively lower as 26.5 and 10.1 mg·kg^-1, respectively. In spring-wheat region, since the soil available Zn concentration was significantly lower than that in other wheat regions, which was not conducive to Zn absorption by wheat and its accumulation in grain, and therefore the Zn concentrations in grain and flour were the lowest as 24.6 and 9.4 mg·kg^-1, respectively, while Zn concentration decreased significantly with the increase of 1000-grain weight.【Conclusion】 Therefore, in order to improve the Zn concentration of wheat grains and flour, it was not only necessary to improve the soil pH, available Zn level and reasonable nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application, but also jointly to optimize the yield components to improve the wheat yield and grain and flour Zn concentration.

Key words: wheat, grain, flour, bran, Zn concentration, soil pH, soil available Zn

SUN RuiQing, DANG HaiYan, SHE WenTing, WANG XingShu, CHU HongXin, WANG Tao, DING YuLan, LUO YiNuo, XU JunFeng, LI XiaoHan, WANG ZhaoHui. Yield Components and Soil Factors Affecting Zinc Concentration in Wheat Grain and Flour in Major Wheat Production Regions of China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(2): 291-306.

Figures/Tables 9

Table 1

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Table 2

The Zn uptake and Zn distribution indexes of various organs and grain fractions of wheat with different grain Zn levels of the two growing seasons in 2020-2022 in major wheat production regions of China"

麦区 Region	籽粒锌含量水平 Grain Zn level	锌含量Zn concentration (mg·kg^-1)					锌吸收量Zn uptake (g·hm^-2)					锌分配指数Zn distribution index (%)
麦区 Region	籽粒锌含量水平 Grain Zn level	茎叶 Straw	颖壳 Chaff	籽粒 Grain	面粉 Flour	麸皮 Bran	茎叶 Straw	颖壳 Chaff	籽粒 Grain	面粉 Flour	麸皮 Bran	茎叶 Straw	颖壳 Chaff	籽粒 Grain	面粉 Flour	麸皮 Bran
春麦区 SW (27-13-3)¹⁾	低 Low	4.2 b	5.0 c	17.9	7.4 c	37.3 c	13.9 c	9.8 c	96.8 b	24.9 a	79.3 a	11.0 c	8.1 a	80.8 a	26.9 a	73.1 a
	偏低 Relative low	8.8 a	11.6 b	34.3	11.9 b	77.1 b	37.9 b	24.2 b	143.9 ab	31.6 a	121.3 a	18.0 b	11.3 a	70.6 b	22.1 a	77.9 a
	适中 Moderate	12.0 a	18.8 a	45.3	16.0 a	99.3 a	70.0 a	36.9 a	152.0 a	36.1 a	131.6 a	26.5 a	13.9 a	59.6 c	22.3 a	77.7 a
	平均 Mean	6.1 AB	8.0 B	24.6 C	9.4 B	53.7 B	25.1 A	16.1 A	114.9 C	27.7 C	95.7 D	14.2 A	9.5 A	76.3 B	25.1 A	74.9 A
旱作区 DW (33-12-1)	低 Low	5.6 a	5.4 b	23.1	8.7 c	50.3 c	26.6 a	13.5 a	145.1 b	36.8 b	130.6 a	13.1 a	7.3 a	79.6 a	24.5 a	75.5 a
	偏低 Relative low	6.0 a	8.9 ab	34.3	13.1 b	74.3 b	28.9 a	19.1 a	215.5 ab	55.5 ab	170.8 a	10.7 a	7.0 a	82.3 a	26.0 a	74.0 a
	适中 Moderate	5.2 a	9.5 a	44.0	20.2 a	88.2 a	26.7 a	19.6 a	247.4 a	72.2 a	180.9 a	9.1 a	6.7 a	84.2 a	28.5 a	71.5 a
	平均 Mean	5.7 B	6.4 C	26.5 BC	10.1 B	57.4 B	27.2 A	15.1 A	165.7 B	42.4 B	142.2 C	12.4 AB	7.2 B	80.4 A	25.0 A	75.0 A
麦玉区 MW (153-52-6)	低 Low	5.5 b	6.8 c	24.4	9.4 c	52.5 c	30.1 b	17.3 a	198.3 c	50.7 b	175.0 b	81.5 a	11.6 a	6.9 a	26.0 a	74.0 a
	偏低 Relative low	6.9 b	9.1 b	33.2	12.4 b	72.7 b	36.0 ab	21.9 a	269.2 b	67.4 a	221.5 a	82.8 a	10.7 a	6.5 a	25.5 a	74.5 a
	适中 Moderate	10.2 a	12.8 a	44.3	17.0 a	95.8 a	49.5 a	22.3 a	311.9 a	80.3 a	227.6 a	81.3 a	13.2 a	5.6 a	27.7 a	72.3 a
	平均 Mean	6.0 B	7.1 BC	27.1 B	10.3 B	58.7 B	32.1 A	18.6 A	219 A	55.7 A	188 A	11.4 B	6.8 B	81.8 A	25.9 A	74.1 A
稻麦区 RW (55-54-12)	低 Low	5.7 c	7.2 c	25.8	10.6 c	53.7 c	19.5 b	12.4 b	152.3 c	40.9 b	138.8 b	11.0 b	6.6 a	82.4 a	26.8 a	73.2 a
	偏低 Relative low	7.7 b	9.8 b	34.2	12.7 b	74.7 b	29.1 a	15.2 b	197.0 b	47.0 b	179.6 a	12.1 b	6.4 a	81.5 a	23.4 a	76.6 a
	适中 Moderate	13.0 a	18.4 a	40.3	17.5 a	98.9 a	37.5 a	30.4 a	241.2 a	61.0 a	211.8 a	13.0 a	8.8 a	78.2 a	25.9 a	74.1 a
	平均 Mean	7.3 A	9.5 A	31.5 A	12.2 A	67.6 A	25.6 A	15.4 A	181 B	45.6 B	164.2 B	11.7 B	6.8 B	81.6 A	25.2 A	74.8 A
全国 All (268-131-22)	低 Low	5.4 c	6.2 c	23.9	9.4 c	50.9 c	25.8 b	15.1 b	172.5 b	44.5 b	152.6 b	11.6 b	7.0 b	81.4 a	26.1 a	73.9 a
	偏低 Relative low	7.3 b	9.5 b	33.8	12.5 b	74.1 b	32.9 b	19.0 b	222.3 a	54.7 a	188.8 a	12.0 b	7.0 b	81.0 a	24.4 a	75.6 a
	适中 Moderate	11.8 a	16.6 a	44.8	17.3 a	97.6 a	43.6 a	27.5 a	233.9 a	56.9 a	196.7 a	14.7 a	8.5 a	76.7 b	26.1 a	73.9 a
	平均 Mean	6.4	7.8	28.1	10.8	60.6	28.9	17.0	191.2	48.3	166.2	11.9	7.1	81.0	25.5	74.5

Table 2

Fig. 4

Table 3

Fig. 5

Table 4

The main fertility factors of soils with different levels of grain Zn concentration of the two growing seasons in 2020-2022 in major wheat production regions of China"

麦区 Wheat region	籽粒锌含量水平 Grain Zn level	pH	有机质 SOM (g·kg^-1)	全氮 TN (g·kg^-1)	硝态氮 NO₃^--N (mg·kg^-1)	铵态氮 NH₄⁺-N (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷 AP (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 AK (mg·kg^-1)	有效铁 AFe (mg·kg^-1)	有效锰 AMn (mg·kg^-1)	有效铜 ACu (mg·kg^-1)	有效锌 AZn (mg·kg^-1)	有效硫 AS (mg·kg^-1)	氮肥 N (kg·hm^-2)	磷肥 P₂O₅ (kg·hm^-2)	钾肥 K₂O (kg·hm^-2)
春麦区 SW (27-13-3)	低 Low	8.5 a	22.7 b	1.3 b	23.4 a	3.4 a	40.0 a	243.8 a	13.3 b	9.8 a	1.5 a	0.5 b	50.4 a	284.0 a	142.0 a	18.0 a
	偏低 Relative low	6.4 b	62.4 a	3.1 a	21.3 a	3.8 a	21.2 a	158.2 a	109.3 a	18.2 a	0.8 b	0.6 b	18.2 a	149.3 a	118.2 a	36.7 a
	适中 Moderate	5.9 b	71.1 a	2.9 a	10.7 a	5.4 a	45.8 a	236.2 a	140.6 a	20.7 a	1.4 ab	1.2 a	18.6 a	72.0 a	72.0 a	41.3 a
	平均 Mean	7.7 B	38.1 A	1.9 A	21.9 AB	3.7 B	34.7 A	217.4 B	51.2 B	13.1 C	1.2 B	0.6 B	40.6 A	158.1 A	131.6 A	23.6 C
旱作区 DW (33-12-1)	低 Low	8.5 a	19.9 a	1.1 a	17.2 b	4.7 a	36.2 a	267.7 a	9.2 a	11.0 a	1.3 a	1.1 a	22.1 a	177.9 b	130.4 a	40.3 a
	偏低 Relative low	8.5 a	19.5 a	1.0 a	26.1 b	3.7 a	45.9 a	321.2 a	8.7 a	13.4 a	1.6 a	1.5 a	30.9 a	179.9 b	135.7 a	42.6 a
	适中 Moderate	8.2 b	16.6 a	0.8 a	94.2 a	7.1 a	42.4 a	307.1 a	4.4 a	13.4 a	0.8 a	0.9 a	16.8 a	308.9 a	202.2 a	78.8 a
	平均 Mean	8.5 A	19.7 C	1.1 C	21.2 AB	4.5 AB	38.9 A	282.5 A	8.9 C	11.6 C	1.4 B	1.2 A	24.3 B	181.5 B	133.5 A	41.8 BC
麦玉区 MW (153-52-6)	低 Low	7.5 a	22.2 a	1.3 a	36.2 a	7.4 a	45.2 a	203.1 a	34.5 a	23.0 a	1.6 a	1.3 a	26.2 a	233.5 a	127.8 a	78.6 a
	偏低 Relative low	7.5 a	22.5 a	1.3 a	47.0 a	6.1 a	44.8 a	197.6 a	36.1 a	29.7 a	1.5 a	1.5 a	23.0 a	452.4 a	114.8 a	79.1 a
	适中 Moderate	7.2 a	22.3 a	1.2 a	12.2 a	5.6 a	64.5 a	237.4 a	67.0 a	36.9 a	2.0 a	1.9 a	16.0 a	173.3 a	100.9 a	45.9 a
	平均 Mean	7.5 B	22.3 BC	1.3 C	38.1 A	7.0 AB	45.6 A	202.8 B	35.8 BC	25.0 B	1.6 B	1.4 A	25.1 B	282.3 A	124.8 A	77.9 A
稻麦区 RW (55-54-12)	低 Low	6.8 a	24.4 a	1.5 a	10.3 b	6.7 a	34.3 a	161.7 a	105.2 b	40.4 b	3.0 ab	1.1 a	14.1 a	181.1 a	68.1 a	60.6 a
	偏低 Relative low	6.6 a	27.0 a	1.7 a	18.8 ab	10.6 a	36.3 a	191.0 a	141.5 b	35.6 b	2.9 b	1.3 a	16.3 a	172.4 a	69.4 a	62.6 a
	适中 Moderate	5.6 a	36.0 a	1.6 a	24.2 a	8.3 a	33.1 a	177.4 a	236.1 a	64.1 a	4.2 ab	2.8 b	19.8 a	144.7 a	57.2 a	54.4 a
	平均 Mean	6.6 C	26.7 B	1.6 B	15.5 B	8.6 A	35.1 A	176.3 B	134.4 A	40.6 A	3.1 A	1.4 A	15.7 B	173.9 B	67.6 B	60.8 AB
全国 All (268-131-22)	低 Low	7.6 a	22.5 c	1.3 b	27.3 a	6.5 a	41.3 a	206.7 a	43.8 c	23.8 b	1.8 b	1.2 b	25.7 a	221.0 a	117.0 a	62.8 a
	偏低 Relative low	7.1 a	28.1 b	1.6 a	30.8 a	7.5 a	39.0 a	202.3 a	84.7 b	29.5 b	2.0 b	1.3 b	20.5 a	184.2 ab	98.3 ab	64.4 a
	适中 Moderate	6.2 b	36.2 a	1.6 a	22.3 a	7.1 a	43.8 a	207.7 a	166.4 a	48.5 a	3.1 a	2.3 a	18.4 a	152.5 b	75.4 b	52.3 a
	平均 Mean	7.4	24.9	1.4	28.1	6.9	40.7	205.4	62.8	26.8	1.9	1.3	23.7	207.2	109.7	62.8

Table 4

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麦区 Wheat region	籽粒锌水平 Grain Zn level	产量 Yield (t·hm^-2)	生物量 Biomass (t·hm^-2)	收获指数 Harvest index (%)	穗数 Spike number (×10⁴·hm^-2)	穗粒数 Grain number per spike	千粒重 Thousand grain weight (g)
春麦区 SW (27-13-3)	低 Low	5.6 a	10.9 a	51.9 a	400.5 a	33.5 a	45.7 a
	偏低 Relative low	4.2 a	10.4 a	40.4 b	409.1 a	24.3 b	33.9 b
	适中 Moderate	3.5 a	11.2 a	32.2 c	305.3 a	18.2 b	30.4 b
	平均 Mean	5.0 C	10.8 C	47.1 B	396.4 C	29.6 A	41.0 B
旱作区 DW (33-12-1)	低 Low	6.2 a	12.7 a	48.7 a	455.7 a	32.5 a	45.2 a
	偏低 Relative low	6.3 a	13.2 a	48.4 a	496.7 a	32.9 a	42.1 a
	适中 Moderate	5.6 a	12.8 a	43.9 a	386.8 a	27.7 a	40.3 a
	平均 Mean	6.2 B	12.8 B	48.5 B	464.9 B	32.5 A	44.3 A
麦玉区 MW (153-52-6)	低 Low	8.1 a	15.8 a	52.5 a	691.0 a	29.5 a	46.2 a
	偏低 Relative low	8.2 a	15.9 a	52.4 a	669.9 a	33.0 a	45.6 a
	适中 Moderate	7.0 a	13.8 a	51.1 a	511.8 a	34.3 a	43.7 a
	平均 Mean	8.1 A	15.7 A	52.5 A	680.7 A	30.5 A	45.9 A
稻麦区 RW (55-54-12)	低 Low	5.9 a	11.1 a	53.6 a	448.9 a	31.5 a	44.8 a
	偏低 Relative low	5.8 a	11.2 a	52.5 a	497.0 a	33.0 a	44.0 ab
	适中 Moderate	5.3 a	10.0 a	54.3 a	406.7 a	31.2 a	41.6 b
	平均 Mean	5.8 B	11.0 C	53.2 A	466.2 BC	32.1 A	44.1 A
全国 All (268-131-22)	低 Low	7.2 a	13.9 a	52.2 a	583.1 a	30.7 a	45.7 a
	偏低 Relative low	6.6 a	13.1 a	50.9 a	556.9 a	32.1 a	43.5 a
	适中 Moderate	5.5 b	11.3 b	50.0 a	420.6 b	30.1 a	40.6 b
	平均 Mean	6.9	13.6	51.7	566.4	31.1	44.7

Yield Components and Soil Factors Affecting Zinc Concentration in Wheat Grain and Flour in Major Wheat Production Regions of China

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