种植大豆促进后茬小麦磷吸收和土壤磷形态转化

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.19.010

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aimed to explore wheat yield, phosphorus uptake, and utilization, as well as soil phosphorus supply potential under maize-wheat and soybean-wheat rotations, so as to provide a theoretical basis for wheat planting in the North China Plain.【Method】Soybean-wheat (SW) and maize-wheat (CW) rotation field experiments were carried out in Yuanyang, Henan Province from 2023 to 2024, and three phosphorus levels application were set: no phosphorus application (P0), recommended phosphorus application (P1), and farmers' customary phosphorus application (P2), a total of 6 treatments. At the harvest period of the subsequent wheat season, plant and soil samples were collected to measure yield and yield components, nutrient accumulation, soil physicochemical properties, chemical phosphorus fractionation, phosphorus adsorption and desorption characteristics, as well as the community structure of phoD gene-harboring bacteria.【Result】Compared with maize planting, soybean planting significantly increased the grain weight and yield of wheat by 8.2%-9.4% and 10.6%-19.7%, respectively. Under different phosphorus application rates, compared with maize planting, soybean planting significantly increased wheat phosphorus accumulation and phosphorus fertilizer utilization, with an increase of 4.3%-8.3% and 31.2%-41.6%, respectively. Under different phosphorus application conditions, compared with maize planting, soybean planting increased the proportion of soil labile phosphorus (H₂O-P, NaHCO₃-Pi) and moderately labile phosphorus (NaOH-Pi), and decreased the proportion of stable phosphorus (HCl-P, residual-P). Under phosphorus application conditions, compared with maize planting, soybean planting reduced the maximum phosphorus adsorption capacity (Q_max) of the soil, increased the degree of phosphorus saturation (DPS), and promoted phosphorus desorption. Redundancy analysis showed that soil NO₃^--N, Q_max, and adsorption affinity constant (K) significantly affected the distribution of soil phosphorus forms, explaining 36.9%, 20.6%, and 10.6% of the total variance, respectively. Under the condition of phosphorus application, compared with maize planting, soybean planting significantly increased the absolute abundance of phoD gene in soil, with an increase of 17.1%-68.2%, and increased the relative abundance of Streptomyces and Actinoplanes. The complexity and connectivity of bacterial community network containing phoD gene in soil after soybean planting were higher. Further correlation analysis showed that wheat yield and phosphorus accumulation were significantly positively correlated with H₂O-P, NaHCO₃-Pi, NaOH-Pi, NaOH-Po, spike number, 1000-grain weight, and phoD abundance.【Conclusion】Soybean planting significantly enhanced the transformation of soil phosphorus (from stable to labile), reduced phosphorus adsorption and fixation, and improved microbial functional potential and interactions, thereby promoting wheat phosphorus uptake and utilization, increasing phosphorus use efficiency, and ultimately boosting wheat yield.

Key words: soybean, maize, wheat, rotation, phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate, soil phosphorus form, phosphorus adsorption and desorption, phoD gene

LI ShuaiBing, LI ChenXin, REN Li, YU XiaoNa, GENG SaiNan, SHENG Kai, ZHANG YinJie, WANG YiLun. Effects of Soybean Planting on Phosphorus Absorption of Wheat and Phosphorus Transformation in Soil[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(19): 3932-3945.

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References 44

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处理 Treatment	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	铵态氮 Ammonium nitrogen (mg·kg^-1)	硝态氮 Nitrate nitrogen (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available phosphorus (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available potassium (mg·kg^-1)
CWP0	15.5±1.2b	7.95±0.1b	23.3±0.6b	10.6±0.8b	141±8.4b
SWP0	18.2±0.3a	8.62±0.3a	25.5±0.5a	16.5±0.8a	164±6.2a
CWP1	21.3±1.5a	7.36±0.1a	30.1±0.2b	13.6±0.5b	127±2.3b
SWP1	22.2±1.0a	7.47±0.5a	32.5±0.6a	18.6±0.7a	149±6.2a
CWP2	20.0±1.0a	7.78±0.3a	29.4±0.5b	14.3±0.6b	146±14.6a
SWP2	20.7±0.8a	7.56±0.3a	31.1±0.7a	25.2±0.7a	161±6.2a
Two-Way ANOVA
R	*	NS	***	***	***
P	***	***	***	***	*
R×P	NS	NS	NS	***	NS

处理Treatment	H₂O-P	NaHCO₃-Po	NaHCO₃-Pi	NaOH-Po	NaOH-Pi	HCl-P	Residual-P
CWP0	3.47±0.30b	12.60±1.3a	27.52±0.7a	22.28±1.6b	13.36±0.7a	253±4.3a	34.77±2.5a
SWP0	4.07±0.22a	15.17±1.5a	28.91±0.8a	26.70±1.5a	15.49±1.4a	238±8.1b	31.25±1.2a
CWP1	5.61±0.18b	12.05±1.1a	37.58±1.2b	25.20±1.2a	14.65±0.3b	258±4.9a	28.22±1.4a
SWP1	6.30±0.23a	13.94±3.6a	42.03±1.6a	27.91±1.6a	17.49±1.2a	203±35.9a	21.42±1.2b
CWP2	4.89±0.07a	15.01±2.4a	29.38±1.4a	23.56±1.6a	14.64±0.6b	259±2.6a	45.04±3.2a
SWP2	5.31±0.33a	15.67±3.0a	32.20±1.8a	25.33±1.2a	18.29±0.9a	245±3.1b	34.85±2.7b
Two-Way AVOVA
R	***	NS	***	***	***	**	***
P	***	NS	***	**	**	NS	***
R×P	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS

处理 Treatment	Langmuir 曲线方程 Langmuir curve equation	决定系数 Correlation coefficient (R²)	最大吸附量 Maximum adsorption (Q_max,mg·kg^-1)	吸附亲和力常数 Adsorption affinity constant (K)	最大缓冲容量 Soil largest phosphorus uptake (MBC, mg·kg^-1)	吸附饱和度Absorption saturation (DPS, %)
CWP0	C/Q=0.0064Q+0.0500	0.92863	157	0.1276	20.0	6.8
SWP0	C/Q=0.0059Q+0.0336	0.93658	171	0.1745	29.8	9.7
CWP1	C/Q=0.0054Q+0.0417	0.94557	184	0.1304	24.0	7.4
SWP1	C/Q=0.0055Q+0.0315	0.93418	182	0.1742	31.7	10.2
CWP2	C/Q=0.0046Q+0.0352	0.94668	219	0.1296	28.4	6.5
SWP2	C/Q=0.0052Q+0.0285	0.94257	191	0.1838	35.1	13.2

Effects of Soybean Planting on Phosphorus Absorption of Wheat and Phosphorus Transformation in Soil

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处理 Treatment	玉米/大豆 Maize /Soybean (kg·hm^-2)			小麦 Wheat (kg·hm^-2)
处理 Treatment	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
CWP0	180	0	90	180	90	60
CWP1	180	75	90	180	90	60
CWP2	180	150	90	180	90	60
SWP0	80	0	60	180	90	60
SWP1	80	50	60	180	90	60
SWP2	80	100	60	180	90	60

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