豫北潮土区豆麦轮作周年氨挥发及作物产量变化特征

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.13.010

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Based on the long-term rotation experiment, this study explored the characteristics of ammonia volatilization and crop yield change in Fluvo-aquic soil. 【Method】 The long-term experiment started in 2016, and this study carried out 2023-2024. A randomized block design with five crop rotation treatments were set as: (1) continuous wheat-maize (WMWM); (2) continuous wheat-peanut (WPWP); (3) continuous wheat-soybean (WSWS); (4) 1-year wheat-maize + 1-year wheat-soybean (WMWS); (5) 1-year wheat-maize + 1-year wheat-summer peanut (WMWP). The ammonia volatilization rate (AVR) and cumulative volatilization (ACV), the content of different nitrogen forms in soil, nitrogen content in crop, and crop yield were measured and analyzed. 【Result】 The ACV in summer-autumn season was higher than that in wheat season, and the AVR in both seasons concentrated in 1st-9th day after fertilization. Under the same fertilization condition, at the summer- autumn season, the AVR peak in WMWM treatment was the highest one with 4.15 kg·hm^-2·d^-1. At the wheat season, the lowest AVR of wheat base fertilizer was observed under WMWS (0.77 kg·hm^-2·d^-1), and the lowest AVR after topdressing fertilizer was under WSWS (0.40 kg·hm^-2·d^-1). The lowest ACV was under WMWP and WMWS during both summer-autumn and wheat seasons, which decreased by 18.7% and 14.8%, 12.5% and 28.6%, respectively, compared with WMWM. In the 0-20 cm soil layer, the content of ammonium, nitrate, and total nitrogen under WPWP and WSWS were significantly higher than those under WMWM during the two seasons. Compared with WMWM, the content of nitrogen in wheat grains under WPWP and WSWS were increased by 12.9% and 17.2%, respectively, and the similar trend was observed in grain nitrogen accumulation, with 135 kg·hm^-2 and 137 kg·hm^-2, respectively. The maize equivalent yield (MEY equal to price yield) under WPWP treatment was significantly higher than other treatments, which was 41.7% higher than that under WMWM treatment. Compare with WMWM, the panicle number (7.0% and 3.5%), kernel number per spike (20.7% and 15.9%), thousand grain weight (5.4% and 4.1%) and yield (10.8% and 10.9%) were enhanced under WPWP and WSWS treatment. During the whole rotation cycle, crops absorbed nitrogen accounted for 43.8%-56.3%, and ammonia volatilization accounted for 1.9%-4.5%. The highest crop absorbed proportion was under WMWP, while the lowest proportion ammonia volatilization was under WSWS. 【Conclusion】 In the Fluvo-aquic soil area of northern Henan Province, the rotation of wheat and legume crops improved the soil nutrient, reduced the soil ammonia volatilization, increased the nitrogen content and wheat yield, which was recommended as a suitable rotation mode in this area.

Key words: wheat, maize, peanut, soybean, crop rotation, ammonia volatilization, crop yield, nitrogen form, Fluvo-aquic soil

WANG ShiJi, LI YueYing, CHEN Chen, JIANG GuiYing, LIU ChaoLin, ZHU ChangWei, YANG Jin, WANG MengRu, JIE XiaoLei, LIU Fang, LIU ShiLiang. The Characteristics of Ammonia Volatilization and Crop Yield Under Legume-Wheat Rotation System in Fluvo-Aquic Soil in Northern Henan Province[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(13): 2614-2629.

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References 54

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作物 Crop	品种 Variety	播量 Seed amount	施肥量Fertilizer application amount (kg·hm^-2)
作物 Crop	品种 Variety	播量 Seed amount	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
小麦Wheat	郑麦369 Zhengmai369	225 kg·hm^-2	135+70	120	120
玉米Maize	浚单29 Xundan29	67500 plant/hm²	210	75	90
大豆Soybean	圣丰徐豆20 Shengfeng Xudou20	60 kg·hm^-2	42	15	19
花生Peanut	豫花9327 Yuhua 9327	40 kg·hm^-2	101	36	43

处理 Treatment	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	玉米等价产量 MEY (kg·hm^-2)
WMWM	277.05±2.15b	9922±135b	9923±135c
WMWS	295.1±8.62a	11795±253a	11796±253b
WMWP	293.25±0.35a	10085±222b	10086±223c
WPWP	--	3095±302c	14060±821a
WSWS	--	3144±41c	8368±112d

处理 Treatment	穗数 Spike number (×10⁴·hm^-2)	穗粒数 Grains per spike	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)
WMWM	611±6b	30.25±3.25b	41.49±0.21b	7349±110b
WMWS	620±1b	36.41±0.71a	44.26±0.43a	7950±13a
WMWP	643±11a	31.27±0.96b	43.84±1.58a	7955±233a
WPWP	654±8a	36.51±0.61a	43.73±0.61a	8143±144a
WSWS	642±13a	35.05±1.85a	43.21±0.85a	8152±159a

The Characteristics of Ammonia Volatilization and Crop Yield Under Legume-Wheat Rotation System in Fluvo-Aquic Soil in Northern Henan Province

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