我国水稻的肥料贡献率时空变化及影响因素

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.04.007

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Spatio-temporal variations and driving factors of fertilizer contribution rate were conducted for the paddy soil in China, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the sustainable development of rice and scientific recommended application of fertilizers in rice cultivation areas. 【Method】 Data was cited from a total of 338 long-term paddy soil monitoring sites located in rice-producing provinces of China for this study. The effects of fertilizer contribution rate for cropping system, climate, regions, soil texture and its driving factors were evaluated. 【Result】 In the past 30 years (1988-2017), the fertilizer contribution rate for rice increased first and then levelled off in China in the condition of same rice variety and cultivation techniques both in fertilization and none-fertilization plots. The variable range of fertilizer contribution rate for rice was from 41.20% to 51.89%. The fertilizer contribution rate for rice was 38.58%-55.49%, 41.96%-51.05%, and 42.34%-53.43% in single, double rice, and rice and other cropping systems, respectively. After 30 years, the fertilizer contribution rate for rice from high to low was as follows: Southwest China (55.82%), Middle of Yangtze River (46.73%), North China (46.27%), North east China (45.90%), South China (45.83%) and Lower of Yangtze River (44.25%). According to the fitting equation, it was found that the stable fertilization years of fertilizer contribution rate for rice was 15.2 a, 18.5 a, 19.0 a, 15.3 a, 15.3 a and 14.5 a in the Northeast China, North China, Southwest China, Middle of Yangtze River, Lower of Yangtze River and South China, respectively. The fertilizer contribution rate for rice in subtropical monsoon (49.23%) was much higher than temperate monsoon (45.90%) and tropical monsoon (34.57%). The fertilizer contribution rate for rice with different soil texture was 43.25%-64.80% for clay soil, 40.65%-48.46% for loam soil, and 26.20%- 45.98% for sand soil. Among the fertilization factors, nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer were the main factors affecting fertilizer contribution rate. Among the climatic factors, frost-free period, mean annual rainfall and mean annual temperature were the main factors and soil organic matter was the most important one among the soil factors. 【Conclusion】 The fertilizer contribution rate for rice was increased first and then levelled off in 1988-2017, and there was different for fertilizer contribution rate for rice under different rice cropping systems, regions, climate and texture. Nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers were main factors of fertilizer contribution rate for rice in China. Moreover, the soil organic matter in paddy soil was the most important to fertilizer contribution rate for rice in soil fertility indexes.

Key words: paddy soil, fertilization, fertilizer contribution rate, spatio-temporal variations, soil organic matter

LI YaZhen, HAN TianFu, QU XiaoLin, MA ChangBao, DU JiangXue, LIU KaiLou, HUANG Jing, LIU ShuJun, LIU LiSheng, SHEN Zhe, ZHANG HuiMin. Spatio-Temporal Variations of Fertilizer Contribution Rate for Rice in China and Its Influencing Factors[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(4): 674-685.

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种植制度 Cropping system	拟合方程 Equation	R²	p
全部 All	y = 0.6864x + 38.200, x<19.6 y=51.55, x≥19.6	0.9669	0.0198
单季稻 Single rice	y = 1.0532x + 34.007, x<21.9 y=54.52, x≥21.9	0.9604	0.0236
双季稻 Double rice	y = 0.5813x + 39.990, x<16.5 y=47.97, x≥16.5	0.8879	0.0409
水稻-其他作物轮作 Rice-other	y = 0.5461x + 38.944, x<28.4 y=53.33, x≥28.4	0.9623	0.0225

区域 Region	拟合方程 Equation	R²	p
东北 Northeast China	y = 1.0171x + 37.316, x<15.2 y=42.06, x≥15.2	0.7017	0.0350
华北 North China	y = 1.4224x + 30.458, x<18.5 y=51.46, x≥18.5	0.9996	<0.0001
西南 Southwest China	y = 1.3346x + 38.202, x<19.0 y=57.68, x≥19.0	0.8647	0.0096
长江中游 Middle of Yangtze River	y = 0.7811x + 36.540, x<15.3 y=47.57, x≥15.3	0.9001	0.0015
长江下游 Lower of Yangtze River	y = 0.2423x + 41.283, x<15.3 y=44.14, x≥15.3	0.6535	0.0417
华南 South China	y = 0.5514x + 36.757, x<14.5 y=51.85, x≥14.5	0.7672	0.0328

气候 Climate	拟合方程 Equation	R²	p
热带季风 Tropical monsoon	y = 0.5138x +32.698, x<16.2 y = 0.8238x + 10.705, x≥16.2	0.8807	0.047
温带季风 Temperate monsoon	y = 1.0171x +37.316, x<15.2 y=42.06, x≥15.2	0.8921	0.023
亚热带季风 Subtropical monsoon	y = 0.7455x +37.915, x<20.5 y=53.21, x≥20.5	0.9907	0.014

土壤质地 Soil texture	拟合方程 Equation	R²	P
黏土Clay	y = 1.3348x + 36.325, x<20.9 y = 64.50, x≥20.9	0.9616	<0.01
壤土Loam	y = 0.6339x + 37.772, x<17.5 y = -0.4177x + 56.145, x≥17.5	0.9114	<0.01
砂土Sand	ns	-	-

Spatio-Temporal Variations of Fertilizer Contribution Rate for Rice in China and Its Influencing Factors

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