小麦籽粒灌浆与脱水特性

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.23.006

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The characteristic of grain filling and dehydration in wheat was studied, which provided a selection method and a theoretical basis for breeding wheat variety with fast filling and dehydration, and its grain with safety moisture content without drying process at harvesting date. 【Method】 In 2015 and 2016, 7 main wheat varieties in the middle and lower of the Yangtze River Valley were used as tested materials. The grain filling traits, dehydration rate and grain moisture content at physiological maturity and harvest date were measured to explore their profiles by Logistic Growth Equation (LGE) fitting analysis and multiple comparison and correlation coefficient method. 【Result】 The results indicated that grain-filling of 7 varieties fitted LGE best, with an S-like breakthrough curve of slow-fast-slow trend, but there were significant differences in the maximum grain-filling rate, average grain-filling rate and grain-filling duration in different varieties. The maximum grain-filling rates and average grain-filling rates of Yangmai 11, Yangmai 158 and Yangmai 16 were higher, whose dry grain weights at 30 d after anthesis were more than 35 g and the grain-filling durations were shorter; The grain filling rate of Yangmai 15 was the fourth fastest, but the grain-filling duration was the longest among the 7 wheat genotypes; Ningmai 13, Yangmai 20 and Yangmai 22 had the smaller filling rates, respectively. The maximum grain-filling rate, average grain-filling rate, R1, R2 and R3 were significantly positively correlated with 1000-grain weight. The rate of grain filling was R2>R1>R3 in the three filling stages. The filling grain of wheat was basically finished at 30 d after anthesis. After the grain filling stage, it started the dehydration and drying stage. There were significant differences among the 7 genotypes in the grain moisture content at physiological maturity and harvest date, as well as the grain dehydration rate. The grain dehydration rates of Yangmai 11, Yangmai 158 and Yangmai 16 were higher than the others, whereas Yangmai15 was the lowest. The grain moisture content at harvest date was significantly (P<0.01, 0.05) correlated with the grain moisture content at physiological maturity date, the average dehydration rate after physiological maturity, and the grain dehydration rate at 2 d after physiological maturity.【Conclusion】In Yangmai 11, Yangmai 158 and Yangmai 16, the grain-filling was faster and completed earlier, and the grain dehydrated more quickly. The grain weight >35 g at 30 d after anthesis could be used as the selection parameter of the grain-filling rate. The average grain dehydration rate after physiological maturity could be a selection parameter that evaluates the dehydration property of wheat.

Key words: wheat, Yangmai, grain filling, grain dehydration

ZHU DongMei, WANG Hui, LIU DaTong, GAO DeRong, Lü GuoFeng, WANG JunChan, GAO ZhiFu, LU ChengBin. Characteristics of Grain Filling and Dehydration in Wheat[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(23): 4251-4261.

Figures/Tables 9

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天气 Weather	年份 Year	生理成熟后天气Weather after physiological maturity
天气 Weather	年份 Year	0 d	1 d	2 d	3 d	4 d	5 d	6 d
最高/最低温度 Highest/lowest temperature (℃)	2016	30/21	26/20	23/17	21/19	23/18	27/20	28/20
最高/最低温度 Highest/lowest temperature (℃)	2017	28/18	29/19	30/18	30/20	23/17	25/14	31/16
天气状况 Weather	2016	多云转阵雨 Cloudy to shower	阵雨 Shower	中雨转小雨 Moderate rain to light rain	小雨 Light rain	多云 Cloudy	阴 Overcast	阴转大雨 Overcast to heavy rain
天气状况 Weather	2017	晴 Sunny	多云 Cloudy	多云 Cloudy	多云 Cloudy	多云 Cloudy	中雨转阴 Moderate rain to overcast	晴 Sunny

年份 Year	品种 Cultivar	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)
年份 Year	品种 Cultivar	10 d	15 d	20 d	25 d	30 d	35 d
2015	扬麦11 Yangmai 11	7.87ab	16.76a	25.65b	36.45a	40.59b	42.17a
	扬麦15 Yangmai 15	7.46bc	14.20c	22.01d	31.06c	38.90b	42.13a
	扬麦158 Yangmai 158	8.17a	15.74b	24.20c	34.90b	42.48a	42.83a
	扬麦16 Yangmai 16	8.14a	15.62b	27.76a	37.85a	43.24a	44.36a
	宁麦13 Ningmai 13	6.70d	12.86d	21.02de	27.38d	33.68d	34.50c
	扬麦20 Yangmai 20	6.94cd	13.16d	20.28ef	28.65d	35.12cd	36.29c
	扬麦22 Yangmai 22	6.60d	12.39d	19.48f	27.77d	36.13c	38.71b
	平均Average	7.41	14.39	22.92	32.01	38.59	40.14
2016	扬麦11 Yangmai 11	7.14b	13.27a	22.52a	33.37a	39.97a	42.06a
	扬麦15 Yangmai 15	6.55cd	11.12cd	18.74c	27.75c	35.72b	37.41b
	扬麦158 Yangmai 158	6.79bc	11.32bc	19.10c	27.65c	34.67b	35.98bc
	扬麦16 Yangmai 16	7.64a	12.41ab	20.63b	30.16b	35.91b	40.35a
	宁麦13 Ningmai 13	5.90e	10.02de	16.67d	24.88d	30.66c	33.37cd
	扬麦20 Yangmai 20	6.10de	10.35cde	17.14d	23.89d	29.71c	32.29d
	扬麦22 Yangmai 22	5.75e	9.79e	16.73d	24.76d	30.56c	33.51cd
	平均Average	6.55	11.18	18.79	27.50	33.88	36.43

年份Year	品种 Cultivar	R_max	T_max	R_mean	T1	T2	T3	R1	R2	R3	T	R²
2015	扬麦11 Yangmai 11	2.18	17.73	1.07	11.10	13.27	16.52	0.84	1.91	0.54	40.89	0.9972
	扬麦15 Yangmai 15	1.90	20.52	0.95	12.35	16.34	20.33	0.81	1.66	0.47	49.03	0.9949
	扬麦158 Yangmai 158	2.05	18.66	1.02	11.40	14.53	18.08	0.84	1.80	0.50	44.01	0.9968
	扬麦16 Yangmai 16	2.42	17.97	1.15	11.67	12.59	15.67	0.84	2.12	0.59	39.94	0.9986
	宁麦13 Ningmai 13	1.62	18.47	0.82	11.02	14.88	18.52	0.70	1.42	0.40	44.43	0.9988
	扬麦20 Yangmai 20	1.70	19.64	0.86	11.78	15.71	19.55	0.73	1.49	0.42	47.04	0.9971
	扬麦22 Yangmai 22	1.75	20.81	0.87	12.72	16.18	20.14	0.71	1.53	0.43	49.03	0.9961
	平均Average	1.95	19.11	0.96	11.72	14.79	18.40	0.78	1.71	0.48	44.91
2016	扬麦11 Yangmai 11	2.15	19.13	1.02	12.49	13.29	16.54	0.74	1.89	0.53	42.32	0.9968
	扬麦15 Yangmai 15	1.74	23.43	0.87	14.09	18.70	23.27	0.74	1.52	0.43	56.05	0.9984
	扬麦158 Yangmai 158	1.76	19.30	0.85	12.27	14.06	17.50	0.65	1.54	0.43	43.83	0.9939
	扬麦16 Yangmai 16	1.79	19.34	0.88	11.87	14.95	18.61	0.72	1.57	0.44	45.43	0.9965
	宁麦13 Ningmai 13	1.54	20.21	0.75	12.65	15.12	18.82	0.59	1.35	0.38	46.59	0.9962
	扬麦20 Yangmai 20	1.39	20.60	0.71	12.06	17.07	21.24	0.63	1.22	0.34	50.37	0.9944
	扬麦22 Yangmai 22	1.54	21.30	0.76	13.16	16.27	20.25	0.61	1.35	0.38	49.68	0.9980
	平均Average	1.70	20.47	0.83	12.65	15.64	19.46	0.67	1.49	0.42	47.75

年份Year	R_max	T_max	R_mean	T1	T2	T3	R1	R2	R3	T
2015	0.879**	-0.242	0.899**	0.071	-0.47	-0.471	0.949**	0.877**	0.881**	-0.402
2016	0.935**	-0.314	0.955**	-0.083	-0.444	-0.444	0.881**	0.935**	0.935**	-0.409

品种 Cultivar	2015		2016
品种 Cultivar	生理成熟期 Physiological maturity	收获期 Harvest	生理成熟期 Physiological maturity	收获期 Harvest
扬麦11 Yangmai 11	39.50c	13.66e	36.22c	13.16e
扬麦15 Yangmai 15	43.77a	20.05a	43.33a	34.00a
扬麦158 Yangmai 158	42.04b	14.82de	39.73b	15.78d
扬麦16 Yangmai 16	42.36b	15.21cde	39.71b	16.78d
宁麦13 Ningmai13	41.97b	17.38bc	39.06b	19.40c
扬麦20 Yangmai20	42.35b	18.34ab	41.18ab	24.74b
扬麦22 Yangmai22	43.59a	17.06bcd	41.41ab	24.99b
平均 Average	42.22	16.65	40.09	21.26

Characteristics of Grain Filling and Dehydration in Wheat

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