深松（耕）方式对砂姜黑土耕层特性、作物产量和水分利用效率的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.13.005

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 The object of the study was to study the effects of subsoiling pattern on topsoil features, crop yield and water use efficiency (WUE), and to identify the suitable tillage system in lime concretion black soil. The results could provide basis for the construction of suitable topsoil of lime concretion black soil. 【Method】 Five treatments, namely, rotary tillage in autumn (ART+SNT, CK), subsoiling in autumn (ASS+SNT), deep mouldboard ploughing in autumn (ADMP+SNT), deep mouldboard ploughing in autumn and sublevel subsoiling in summer (ADMP+SSSS), and deep mouldboard ploughing in autumn and lateral subsoiling in summer (ADMP+SSSL), were carried out to investigate the time and pattern of deep tillage on soil physical property, root growth, crop yield and WUE of winter wheat , summer maize rotation system. 【Result】 Deep tillage significantly reduced soil compaction and soil three-phase R values, promoted roots growth of winter wheat and summer maize, thus increased crop yield and WUE, and the effects of DMP were higher than that of ASS, the effects in winter wheat growth period were bigger than that in summer maize growth period. Compared with ART, the soil penetration resistance of ADMP+SSSS decreased by 20.9%, soil three-phase R value decreased by 12.9%, root dry weight density increased by 29.8%, wheat yield increase by 22.0%, maize yield increased by 8.8%, and total yield of winter wheat and summer maize increased by 15.2%. The WUE during winter wheat growth period, summer maize growth period and whole year increased by 18.2%, 7.9% and 14.0%, respectively, and economic benefits increased by 19.8%. The improvement effects of ADMP+SSS treatment on soil properties were better than that of single deep tillage in autumn. The root growth, yield and WUE of ADMP+SSS were all higher than that of single deep tillage in autumn. Compared with deep tillage in autumn, the soil penetration resistance and soil three-phase R values of ADMP+SSS decreased by 5.6% and 15.0%, respectively. The crop yield and WUE of ADMP+ASS increased by 4.0% and 4.2%, respectively, and economic benefits increased by 3.3%. Among the five treatments, the improvement effect on soil character of ADMP+SSSL treatment was best, and the root growth, crop yield and WUE were highest. The soil penetration resistance and soil three-phase R values of ADMP+SSSL were 28.4% and 26.6%, respectively, higher than that of ART. The root length, root surface area, root volume and root dry weight density of ADMP+SSSL were 67.0%, 45.3%, 23.1% and 49.5%, respectively, higher than that of ART. The yields of winter wheat, summer maize and total yield of ADMP+SSSL were 5.5%, 3.4% and 4.4%, respectively, higher than that of ADMP +SNT; 27.8%, 11.6% and 19.4%, respectively, higher than that of ART. The WUE during winter wheat growth period, summer maize growth period and whole year of ADMP+SSSL were 3.7%, 3.5% and 4.1%, respectively, higher than that of ADMP +SNT; 20.9%, 10.7% and 18.1%, respectively, higher than that of ART. Economic benefit of ADMP+SSSL was 24.4% higher than that of ART.【Conclusion】The crop yield and WUE of ADMP+SSS treatment were higher than that of deep tillage in autumn. Among the five treatments of different deep tillage time and pattern, the crop yield and the WUE of ADMP+SSSL were highest. Thus, the deep mouldboard ploughing in autumn combined with lateral subsoiling in summer was the suitable pattern of deep tillage in lime concretion black soil.

Key words: tillage pattern, soil three-phase R value, yield, water use efficiency, economic benefit

ZHAO YaLi, LIU WeiLing, CHENG SiXian, ZHOU YaNan, ZHOU JinLong, WANG XiuLing, ZHANG MouBiao, WANG Qun, LI ChaoHai . Effects of Pattern of Deep Tillage on Topsoil Features, Yield and Water Use Efficiency in Lime Concretion Black Soil[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(13): 2489-2503.

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