肥料袋控缓释对桃树根系生长、氮素吸收利用及产量品质的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.24.010

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】In order to provide reference for scientific fertilizing in peach orchard, the effects of fertilizer being bag-controlled released and fertilizer spread application treatments on dynamic changes of available nutrients in soil, root growth and horizontal distribution, nitrogen utilization rate and fruit yield and qualities were studied.【Method】 Late-ripening peach ‘Ruipan 21’ were used as experimental materials. The field experiment was conducted from 2012 to 2016 with three fertilization modes: bag-controlled release fertilizer (BCRF), equal amounts of fertilizer spreading application in one time (FSA I) and high amounts of fertilizer spreading application in two times (HFSA II). The soil available nutrients contents were determined in April, July and October every year, and the fruit yield and qualities were investigated from 2014 to 2016. The nitrogen absorption and distribution in peach plants were studied by using ¹⁵N tracer technique, and the root growth and distribution were investigated in 2016. 【Result】 The soil available nutrients, including available phosphorus, available potassium and available nitrogen of BCRF treatment were steady for five years, however the soil available nutrients of FSA I and HFSA II treatments were higher at the early stage and then showed a trend of decline. The roots of BCRF treatment horizontally distributed in the range of 100 cm from the trunk and that of FSA I and HFSA Ⅱ treatments could grow to the range of 140 cm and 160 cm. Moreover the fine roots of BCRF treatment has a higher proportion, accounting for 83.95% of the total roots’ length compared with the FSA I and HFSAⅡ treatments, accounting for 75.16% and 70.63%. In addition, the BCRF treatment could maintain the stability of the biomass of the root system. The plant nitrogen utilization rate for BCRF treatment was 1.39 times and 1.81 times of FSA I and HFSA Ⅱ treatments, respectively. The yield of BCRF treatment was increased by about 20% of FSA I, and has no significant difference with HFSA Ⅱ treatment, but the fruit quality of BCRF treatment was significantly improved. 【Conclusion】 Under the treatment of fertilizer being bag-controlled released for 5 years, the soil nutrient levels were remained stable, the occurrence of fine roots were promoted, the root longevity was prolonged, and the roots distribution was concentrated to form “Intensive Root System”. Therefore the nitrogen utilization rate of peach plant of BCRF treatment was increased and the fruit yield and qualities were improved.

Key words: fertilizer being bag-controlled released, peach, ¹⁵N-label, root growth, N utilization rate, yield, quality

ZHANG YaFei,LUO JingJing, PENG FuTian, GAO HuaiFeng, WANG GuoDong, SUN XiWu . Effects of Fertilizer Being Bag-Controlled Released on Root Growth, Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization, Fruit Yield and Quality of Peach Trees[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(24): 4769-4778.

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