种植密度对旱地不同株型春玉米品种光合特性与产量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.13.006

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】Effects of different planting densities and different variety types of spring maize on physiological characteristics and yield in Weibei highland were investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the suitable maize varieties and their planting densities in dryland. 【Method】Field experiments were carried out by using spring maize cultivar Yuyu22, Zhengdan958, Xianyu335, and four planting density treatments including D1(52 500 plants/hm²), D2(67 500 plants/hm²), D3(82 500 plants/hm²) and D4(97 500 plants/hm²) were designed. The changes of photosynthetic characteristics, leaf area index(LAI), biomass yield and yield related traits of spring maize at different growth stages were observed.【Result】(1)Photosynthetic rate (Pn) and transpiration rate (Tr) decreased with the increase of planting density, while LAI increased. Pn decreased by 1.32 μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1, Tr decreased by 0.297 mmol·m^-2·s^-1 and LAI increased by 0.181 for each increase in density of 10 000 plants/hm². (2)The number of productive ear was remarkably increased with the increase of planting density, but the kernels per ear and 1 000-kernel weight were significantly decreased(P＜0.05). The kernels per ear decreased by 45 and the 1 000-kernel weight decreased by 12 g for each increase in density of 10 000 plants/hm². The yield of three maize varieties was the highest at D2 density. In treatment D2, the yield of Yuyu 22, Zhengdan 958, and Xianyu 335 were 10.52, 9.59, and 9.14 t·hm^-2 in 2015, and 11.37, 9.73, and 9.77 t·hm^-2 in 2016, respectively. The average yield of three maize varieties was increased by 21.9%, 19.5%, and 7.5%, respectively, within two years, when the density was increased from 52 500 plants/hm² to 67 500 plants/hm². The average yield of three maize varieties was decreased by 19.8%, 15.4%, and 7.7%, respectively, within two years, when the density was increased from 67 500 plants/hm² to 97 500 plants/hm². (3) The stem diameter, and ear length of spring maize decreased with the increase of planting density. The ear length decreased by 0.86 cm, the stem diameter decreased by 0.09 cm for each increase in density of 10 000 plants/hm². The lodging rate of Yuyu 22 and Zhengdan 958 rather than Xianyu 335 increased with the decrease of stem diameter. (4)The harvest index varied greatly in two years, the average performance was 2015＞2016, and the varieties showed that Xianyu 335＞Zhengdan 958＞Yuyu 22. Water use efficiency (WUE) and radiation use efficiency (RUE) were increased with the increase of planting density and then decreased.【Conclusion】The optimum planting density of different variety types of spring maize in Weibei dryland was different. Yuyu 22 was 72 500 plants/hm², Zhengdan 958 was 74 000 plants/hm², and Xianyu 335 was 73 200 plants/hm². Yuyu 22 had high stability and high yield. The optimum planting density of different variety types of spring maize was 72 600-74 000 plants/hm². Low density was recommended for thin planting varieties, and high density was recommended for close planting varieties.

Key words: Weibei highland, maize, variety, planting density, photosynthetic characteristic, resource use efficiency

XU ZongGui, SUN Lei, WANG Hao, WANG ShuLan, WANG XiaoLi, LI Jun. Effects of Different Planting Densities on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Different Variety Types of Spring Maize on Dryland[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(13): 2463-2475.

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