不同工艺复合肥氮素释放特征及其增产效应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.02.019

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 Many kinds of manufacturing processes for compound fertilizer production exist and result in substantial differences in fertilizer properties. By clarifying the difference of compound fertilizers with different processes on crop yield and nutrient use efficiency, it would be useful for both producing and using of compound fertilizers.【Method】Six kinds of nutrient-equal compound fertilizers (N-P₂O₅-K₂O, 15-15-15) with different manufacturing processes were collected to study their N release characteristics in an incubation experiment and then their effects on maize yield, N uptake and N use efficiency in field experiment. 【Result】 Nitrogen release curves of these compound fertilizers showed parabolic shapes and could be fitted by Richards equation. Whereas the accumulative release rate and maximum release rate of N in compound fertilizers varied greatly due to manufacturing processes, both following an decreasing order by processes of blending (BL), agglomeration process (AG), spraying granulation (SG), AZF, tower granulation (TG) and urea formaldehyde (UF), respectively. Compared with BL processed fertilizer in a field trial, AZF, TG and UF processed fertilizers resulted in higher N accumulation and finally increased the maize yield by 5.1%, 5.7% and 8.8%, respectively. In relative to yield component, AZF, TG and UF processed fertilizers increased kernel number per cob by 10.2%, 13.5% and 15.6% than that of BL processed fertilizer, respectively. Maize yield showed a significant and positive relationship with kernel number per cob with coefficient of 0.96 (P<0.01); furthermore, both of them showed significant correlation with shoot N accumulation at 50 days after planting. This indicated that higher N accumulation during the vegetative growth stage enhanced ear development and thereafter increased maize grain yield. In addition, N use efficiency of maize indicated by apparent recovery efficiency, partial factor productivity, agronomic efficiency and fertilizer contribution to yield, was also improved by treatments with the UF, TG and AZF processed fertilizers than that with BL processed fertilizer.【Conclusion】Compound fertilizers with improved manufacturing processes and raw materials had a slower release characteristics of N, which contributed to more N accumulation in early vegetative stage, improved growth and cob development, and thus increased maize yield and N use efficiency.

Key words: manufacturing process of compound fertilizer, nitrogen, release characteristics, nitrogen use efficiency, maize

HUANG Xing-cheng, LIU Yu-hong, ZHANG Yu-ting, ZHAO Ya-nan, ZHANG Yue-qiang, SHI Xiao-jun. Nitrogen Release Characteristics of Compound Fertilizers with Different Manufacturing Processes and Their Effect on Maize Yield[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(2): 391-398.

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