滴灌施肥水肥耦合对温室番茄产量、品质和水氮利用的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.04.09

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】Water and fertilizer are two major factors for limiting crop yield increase. Unreasonable application of irrigation and nitrogen can hinder yield increase, but increase the soil nitrate accumulation, and reduce the crop quality, water and nitrogen use efficiency. The study was aiming at dealing with the problems of irrigation and fertilization on greenhouse vegetables in semi-arid northwest areas, which through the effects of irrigation and fertilizer coupling on greenhouse tomato yields, quality, and water and nitrogen use efficiency under fertigation. The purpose of this study was to research a high-yield, good-quality and high-efficiency fertigation system for drip-irrigated greenhouse tomato. 【Method】Greenhouse tomato plot experiments were conducted to analyze the responsive rules of irrigation amount and fertilizer rate on tomato growth, yield, quality, distribution of soil NO₃^--N, water and nitrogen absorption and utilization. The experiments consisted of a furrow fertigation treatment (control treatment, 100% ET₀, N240-P₂O₅120-K₂O150 kg·hm^-2), three drip irrigation levels (high irrigation, W₁, 100% ET₀; medium irrigation, W₂, 75% ET₀; low irrigation, W₃, 50% ET₀) and three fertilizer levels (high fertilizer, F₁, N240-P₂O₅120-K₂O150 kg·hm^-2; medium fertilizer, F₂, N180-P₂O₅90-K₂O112.5 kg·hm^-2; low fertilizer, F₃, N120-P₂O₅60-K₂O75 kg·hm^-2), and total of 10 treatments.【Result】The results showed that tomato yield, dry matter accumulation and total nitrogen absorption in drip fertigation treatments were 31.04 t·hm^-², 3 208 kg·hm^-2 and 73.13 kg·hm^-2 higher than that in the furrow fertigation treatment, increased by 46.9%, 54.0% and 82.4%, respectively. In addition, the fruit Vc content, water use efficiency (WUE) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) increased by 61.8%, 46.4% and 76.5%, respectively, but the NO₃^--N content in the soil decreased. In drip fertigation treatments, the highest total dry matter accumulation of W₁F₂ treatment was 9 248 kg·hm^-2, both yield and plant nitrogen uptake were positively related to the amount of irrigation and fertilizer. The fertilization was found to exert more impact on the yield compared with irrigation. The treatment W₁F₂had thelargest range of yield increase and nitrogen uptake. The WUE decreased and the NUE raised gradually with the increase of irrigation amount and decrease of fertilizer rate. The treatment W₃F₁ produced the largest WUE (47.7 kg·m^-3) and the W₁F₃ treatmentof the largest NUE (65.6 %), respectively. The WUE of W₃F₂and the NUE of W₁F₂had much more greater increasing scale than the other treatments. The nitrate nitrogen content in soil was significantly affected by irrigation, fertigation and irrigation-fertigation interactive effects. Nitrate nitrogen content in the soil increased first but then decreased with the increase of irrigation water. Nitrate nitrogen content consistently increased as the increase of fertilizer. Significant nitrate nitrogen accumulation was identified at the lateral boundary of the wetted volume rather than under the dripper. The treatment W₁F₂ with high irrigation water and medium fertilizer produced lower nitrate nitrogen content and more uniform distribution of nitrate nitrogen in the soil than other treatments. Increases in irrigation water significantly reduced fruit Vc, lycopene and soluble sugar contents and their nutrition accumulation, but the quality indicators’ content and nutrition accumulation were increased first then decreased with the increase of fertilizer. The treatment W₃F₂had the largest Vc and lycopene content as well as nutrition accumulation, and the largest soluble sugar contents as well as larger nutrition accumulation. 【Conclusion】The results indicated that the drip fertigation technology could achieve the goal of high yield, good quality and high efficiency for greenhouse tomatoes. The treatment W₁F₂ with high water and medium fertilizer (100%ET₀, N180-P₂O₅90-K₂O112.5 kg·hm^-2) was preferable for higher yield and NUE interest, as well as lower nitrate nitrogen content in soil; but the treatment W₃F₂ with low water and medium fertilizer (50%ET₀, N180-P₂O₅90-K₂O112.5 kg·hm^-2) was more appropriate in terms of higher WUE and the largest Vc, lycopene and soluble sugar contents.

Key words: tomato, drip fertigation, yield, quality, water and nitrogen utilization, nitrate nitrogen

XING Ying-ying, ZHANG Fu-cang, ZHANG Yan, LI Jing, QIANG Sheng-cai, WU Li-feng. Effect of Irrigation and Fertilizer Coupling on Greenhouse Tomato Yield, Quality, Water and Nitrogen Utilization Under Fertigation[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(4): 713-726.

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Effect of Irrigation and Fertilizer Coupling on Greenhouse Tomato Yield, Quality, Water and Nitrogen Utilization Under Fertigation

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