Abstract: 【Objective】 Field experiments were carried out to study the yield-increasing effect of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5) and potassium (K2O) fertilization in various rapeseed regions in China. General situation and regional characteristics were studied to provide a theoretical basis for a regional recommended fertilization. 【Method】 Increased yield, increase rate and agronomic efficiency (AE) were calculated based on the data from 2 106 field experiments in China from 2005 to 2010, which were used to analyze the yield-increasing effect of N, P and K fertilizer in different rapeseed regions.【Result】99% of the rapeseed field experiments in China showed yield increment under N fertilization. The average of increased yield and rate were 1 044 kg•hm-2 (in the range of 500-1 500 kg•hm-2) and 87.4% (in the range of 5-100%), respectively. Similarly with N fertilization, around 94% of the rapeseed field experiments presented yield increase when P fertilizer was applied. The average of increased yield and rate were 634 kg•hm-2 and 39.9%, which were mainly distributed in the range of 250-1 000 kg•hm-2 and 5-40%, respectively. Also there was 88% of the rapeseed field experiments showed yield increase when K fertilizer was applied. The average of increased yield and rate were 420 kg•hm-2 and 22.9%, mainly distributed in the range of 200-1 000 kg•hm-2 and 10-40%, respectively. Every kilogram of N, P2O5 and K2O would increase 6.2, 7.8 and 5.4 kg rapeseed, respectively. The yield increasing effect of N and P fertilizer was better on winter rapeseed in lower part of the Yangtze river than other regions, the average of its increase rate was 128.8% and 51.3%, respectively. The yield-increasing effect of K fertilizer on winter rapeseed in middle part of the Yangtze river was the best, with the averaged increase rate of 24.6%. The yield-increasing effect of N, P and K fertilizer on spring rapeseed was lower, with the average increase rates of 42.6%, 31.6% and 21.3%, respectively.【Conclusion】The fertilization effect of N, P and K fertilizer on rapeseed yield was remarkable in China. The yield-increasing effect was followed as N＞P＞K fertilizer. Nitrogen was the main nutrient factor affecting the yield of rapeseed. The yield-increasing effect of N, P and K fertilizer on spring rapeseed was lower than that on winter rapeseed. The effect of N, P fertilizer on winter rapeseed was best in lower part of the Yangtze river whereas the effect of K fertilizer was best in middle part of the Yangtze river. As there were a few field experiments with no yield increment or irrational fertilizer application, we suggest that the amounts of regional recommended fertilizer should be improved to achieve the target of high yield and fertilization efficiency.

Key words: rapeseed , planting regions , N fertilizer , P fertilizer , K fertilizer , increasing effect