Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2013, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 545-554.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.03.011

• SOIL & FERTILIZER·WATER-SAVING IRRIGATION·AGROECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Modeling the Effect of Rainfall and Irrigation on Nitrate Leaching and Crop Yield in Wheat-Maize Cropping System in North China Plain

 LI  Gui-Hua, ZHANG  Yan-Ping, HU  Ke-Lin   

  1. 1.Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
    2.College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193
  • Received:2012-02-25 Online:2013-02-01 Published:2012-11-14

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Abstract: 【Objective】The objectives of the study are to quantify nitrate leaching and crop yield under different rainfall-year and irrigation methods and to provide information for improving farmer’ s practice under different types of rainfall-year. 【Method】Rainfall and irrigation is very important for water and nitrogen movement and crop yield in North China Plain. Therefore, 40-year (1966-2005) real climate data combined with the validated water and nitrogen management model were used to predict nitate leaching and crop yield under five irrigation methods, i.e. three times of irrigation (during winter, stem elongation and grain filling) in winter wheat season with amount of (A) no irrigation, (B) (50+50+50) mm, (C) (70+70+70) mm, (D) (90+90+90) mm,(E) (120+120+90) mm, and two times (seedling and milk-ripe stage) for summer maize with amount of (A′) no irrigation, (B′) (80+0) mm, (C′) (80+70) mm, (D′) (90+80) mm, (E′) (100+100) mm. 【Result】The simulated results showed that the grain yield increased with the enhancement of irrigation or rainfall during wheat season. About 87.2% of rainfall in all years was less than 200 mm, and the amount of nitrate leaching with irrigation method (D) was in the range of 0-30.9 kg N•hm-2. When rainfall was over 200 mm (12.8% of all years), irrigation method (C) was better as the level of nitrate leaching was low (0.06-41.2 kg N•hm-2) and crop yield was high. During summer maize season, crop yield also increased with the increase of rainfall until 600 mm. The irrigation methods (D’, C’ and B’) could be used based on the range of rainfall ＜250 mm (probability 17.9%), 250-450 mm (64.2% of all years) and ＞450 mm (17.9% of all years), respectively. The amount of nitrate leaching was in the range of 0-7.3 kg N•hm-2, 0-82.2 kg N•hm-2 (probability of N leaching belongs to grade I was 84.2%, and grade III was only 5.3%) and 0-61.6 kg N•hm-2 (probability of N leaching belongs to grade I was 86.8%, and grade III was only 2.6%), respectively. 【Conclusion】 Stochastic rainfall and its distribution in different seasons must be taken into farmer’s irrigation practices for keeping crop yields and mitigating N leaching in North China Plain. In normal-rainfall year, (D) and (C’) irrigation methods should be recommended in wheat and maize season, respectively.

Key words: rainfall , irrigation , crop yield , nitrate leaching , water and nitrogen management model (WNMM)

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