陕北黄土区草被覆盖对坡面径流过程的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.18.012

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Grass cover plays a critical ecological role in regulating slope runoff during rainfall. However, quantitative studies on how root systems and soil properties change during grass cover restoration and subsequently affect slope runoff remain limited.【Method】In this study, indoor simulated rainfall experiments were conducted to systematically examine the effects of varying rainfall intensities (40, 80, and 120 mm·h^-1) and grass cover levels (0%, 33%, 48%, 56%, and 69%) on surface runoff characteristics, soil physicochemical properties, root parameters, and their combined influence on slope runoff in ryegrass (Lolium perenne) plots (2 m×0.5 m×0.4 m, 15° slope).【Result】(1) Compared with bare slopes, grass cover restoration significantly improved the physicochemical properties of the surface soil (0-10 cm). Specifically, it led to a 2.4% decrease in soil bulk density and increases of 1.4%, 9.4%, 227.1% and 82.5% in total soil porosity, mean weight diameter of aggregates, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and soil organic matter content, respectively, with all improvements enhanced by increasing cover. Meanwhile, root parameters (root length density, root surface area density, and root volume density) of grass plots increased significantly with increasing cover. Regression analysis further indicated that grass root growth directly drove corresponding changes in topsoil properties, and the improvement in soil saturated hydraulic conductivity was the most significant. (2) Under the same rainfall intensity, the initial runoff time increased significantly with greater grass cover, while the average runoff rate decreased, with runoff reduction benefits increasing accordingly (7.7%, 13.3%, 16.9%, and 27.1%). With increasing rainfall intensity, the initial runoff time was markedly shortened, and the greater the grass coverage, the larger the reduction magnitude. Meanwhile, the average runoff rate rose significantly, accompanied by a decline in corresponding runoff reduction benefits (24.7%, 15.9%, and 8.1%); moreover, the weakening trend of the regulatory effect of grass cover on slope runoff with increasing rainfall intensity was particularly obvious at higher coverages (56% and 69%). (3) The changes in plant roots and soil physicochemical properties during grass restoration significantly influenced slope runoff processes. Path model analysis indicated that the direct effect of plant roots on runoff rate (standardized path coefficient: -0.60) was greater than the indirect effect (standardized path coefficient: -0.27). This was attributed to the fact that the increase in grass cover after restoration mainly regulates slope runoff through the physical barrier effect (direct effect) formed by root density, while its indirect effect was primarily achieved by improving topsoil hydro-physical properties and ultimately increasing soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, thereby enhancing water infiltration capacity.【Conclusion】This study revealed the regulatory effect of grass restoration on slope runoff processed by driving changes in topsoil properties through root growth, and this effect was the most significant under high grass coverage. These results provide a scientific basis for erosion control, grassland restoration, and management in the Loess Plateau region.

Key words: surface runoff, vegetation coverage, rainfall intensity, soil physico-chemical properties, ryegrass (Lolium perenne), root parameters, the Loess Plateau

WANG Bo, CHEN Hao, QUAN BeiPing, CHEN MingChuan, JING XinRui, XU JiaHao, HUANG ChaoYi, LI ZhanBin. Effects of Grass Cover on Slope Runoff Process in Loess Areas of Northern Shaanxi, China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(18): 4105-4120.

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土壤理化性质 Soil physico-chemical property	根系参数 Root parameter	回归方程 Regression function	R²	P
容重 Bulk density	根长密度Root length density	y=-0.014x+1.227	0.64	<0.01
	根表面积密度Root surface area density	y=-0.041x+1.227	0.61	<0.01
	根体积密度Root volume density	y=-1.417x+1.227	0.62	<0.01
总孔隙度 Total porosity	根长密度Root length density	y=0.580x+47.734	0.35	0.07
	根表面积密度Root surface area density	y=1.799x+47.699	0.36	0.07
	根体积密度Root volume density	y=57.779x+47.750	0.32	0.09
有机质含量 Soil organic matter content	根长密度Root length density	y=0.831x+1.224	0.56	<0.05
	根表面积密度Root surface area density	y=2.463x+1.245	0.53	<0.05
	根体积密度Root volume density	y=82.701x+1.248	0.51	<0.05
团聚体平均重量直径 Mean weight diameter of aggregates	根长密度Root length density	y=0.011x+0.196	0.63	<0.01
	根表面积密度Root surface area density	y=0.032x+0.196	0.61	<0.01
	根体积密度Root volume density	y=1.055x+0.196	0.58	<0.05
饱和导水率 Saturated hydraulic conductivity, K_s	根长密度Root length density	y=0.036x+0.031	0.88	<0.01
	根表面积密度Root surface area density	y=0.108x+0.031	0.88	<0.01
	根体积密度Root volume density	y=3.685x+0.030	0.88	<0.01

降雨强度 Rainfall intensity (mm·h^-1)	初始产流时间Initial runoff time (min)					延迟率Delay rate (%)
降雨强度 Rainfall intensity (mm·h^-1)	0	33%	48%	56%	69%	33%	48%	56%	69%
40	1.61eA	2.61dA	3.60cA	4.22bA	7.14aA	62.1	123.6	162.1	343.5
80	0.71dB	0.96cB	1.09cB	1.31bB	2.10aB	35.2	53.5	84.5	195.8
120	0.61dC	0.82cB	0.91bB	0.94bB	1.39aC	34.4	49.2	54.1	127.9

Effects of Grass Cover on Slope Runoff Process in Loess Areas of Northern Shaanxi, China

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