减灌条件下燕麦内源激素与源库流关系对籽粒产量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.11.005

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】As a major oat-producing region in China, Inner Mongolia is located in an arid to semi-arid area where water availability significantly limits stable and high oat yields. This study investigates the physiological mechanisms of yield formation under different reduced irrigation regimes, aiming to provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for developing water-saving and high-yielding cultivation practices for oats in this region.【Method】A fixed-site field experiment was conducted in Ulanqab City, Inner Mongolia, during 2022-2023. Two oat varieties with contrasting grain numbers per spike-Bayou 1 and Dingyou 8-were used. Under rain-out shelter conditions, three irrigation treatments were applied: conventional irrigation (CK), reduced irrigation at the tillering stage (RIt), and reduced irrigation at the jointing stage (RIj). After the irrigation treatments, the shelters were removed at the booting stage. Spikelet development, changes in endogenous hormones in various plant parts, and source-sink-flow characteristics in relation to grain yield were systematically analyzed to clarify the physiological responses of oats to reduced irrigation.【Result】Oat grain yield was significantly affected by year, variety, and reduced irrigation regime. Compared with conventional irrigation, reduced irrigation at tillering decreased the two-year average yield of both varieties by 7.8%-8.9%, whereas reduced irrigation at jointing reduced yield by 17.9%-20.0%. Reduced irrigation at jointing markedly decreased the number of fertile spikelets in the central portion of the panicle while increasing the number of sterile spikelets in the basal portion, resulting in a two-year average reduction in panicle grain number and fertility of 28.2% and 11.3% in Bayou 1, and 25.8% and 15.6% in Dingyou 8. Mantel test and random forest analysis indicated that grain yield was closely associated with endogenous hormones in different organs, with reduced irrigation at jointing decreasing the two-year average (IAA+GA₃+ZR)/ ABA ratios in the panicle, leaves, and roots of both oat varieties by 16.4%-32.2%, 22.2%-54.4%, and 21.9%-50.6%, respectively, while reduced irrigation at the tillering stage increased the corresponding ratios by 42.2%-54.8%, 10.3%-55.5%, and 18.4%-94.8%, respectively. Furthermore, reduced irrigation at jointing disrupted source-sink relationships, suppressed photosynthetic capacity, limited assimilate availability, and impeded vascular bundle development, thereby restricting dry matter accumulation in various organs and ultimately reducing grain yield. In contrast, reduced irrigation at tillering had minimal effects on these physiological processes.【Conclusion】Water deficit during the jointing stage disrupts the balance of endogenous hormones and the source-sink relationship in different oat organs, thereby affecting the development of spikelets, reducing the number of grains per panicle and the seed-setting rate, and ultimately leading to a significant decline in grain yield. Therefore, in the arid regions of Inner Mongolia, to mitigate the negative effects of water stress on oat grain yield, implementing moderate water control during the tillering stage combined with irrigation at the jointing stage, along with the selection of varieties with a higher number of grains per panicle, can effectively reduce both water wastage and yield loss.

Key words: reduced irrigation, oat, endogenous hormones, source-sink-flow, grain yield

YANG Lin, DUAN PuShun, WANG FengWu, WANG QianJun, ZHENG ChengZhong, MEI Xue, WANG XiQuan, ZHAO BaoPing. Effects of Endogenous Hormones and Source-Sink-Flow Relationships on Grain Yield in Oat Under Reduced Irrigation Conditions[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(11): 2358-2373.

Figures/Tables 11

Table 1

Fig. 1

Table 2

Table 3

Fig. 2

Table 4

Fig. 3

Table 5

Effects of reduced irrigation regimes on photosynthetic characteristics of oat flag leaves"

年份 Year	品种 Variety	减灌模式 Reduced irrigation	孕穗期 Booting stage				抽穗期 Heading stage
年份 Year	品种 Variety	减灌模式 Reduced irrigation	净光合速率 P_n (µmol·m^-2·s^-1)	蒸腾速率 T_r (mmol·m^-2·s^-1)	气孔导度 G_s (mmol·m^-2·s^-1)	胞间CO₂浓度 C_i(µmol·mol^-1)	净光合速率 P_n (µmol·m^-2·s^-1)	蒸腾速率 T_r (mmol·m^-2·s^-1)	气孔导度 G_s(mmol·m^-2·s^-1)	胞间CO₂浓度 C_i(µmol·mol^-1)
2022	坝莜1号 Bayou 1	CK	19.67±2.51a	8.67±0.49b	437.58±28.28a	287.33±16.31b	17.22±2.82a	7.90±0.98a	405.66±54.99a	292.91±30.45a
		RIt	16.16±1.24b	9.56±0.41a	369.60±20.71b	304.02±26.04a	14.58±2.67b	7.26±0.66b	373.36±33.46b	266.84±23.98b
		RIj	15.60±2.90b	6.68 ±0.76c	353.70±51.08b	275.70±21.63b	13.06±1.50c	5.63±0.90c	308.85±26.15c	238.29±23.38c
	定莜8号 Dingyou 8	CK	21.35±2.20a	7.91±0.98b	534.99±64.57a	330.13±45.87a	17.13±1.66a	7.00±0.50b	446.01±51.79b	280.94±18.83b
		RIt	15.34±3.09b	9.94±1.07a	487.59±33.13b	276.88±42.51b	13.24±1.66b	11.70±0.85a	613.74±78.91a	327.53±38.29a
		RIj	12.95±1.49c	5.49±0.59c	305.00±18.10c	255.82±20.34b	11.69±3.42b	4.10±0.97c	287.15±20.09c	239.86±28.00c
2023	坝莜1号 Bayou 1	CK	20.94±2.50a	7.43 ±0.76b	467.39±48.59b	274.71±18.60b	18.07±1.28a	4.18±0.67b	265.28±16.55b	225.03±17.51b
		RIt	17.43±2.20b	10.72 ±0.74a	708.92±112.42a	346.70±10.86a	16.10±0.87b	5.81±0.70a	283.54±20.04a	274.30±20.89a
		RIj	9.39±1.01c	5.41±0.24c	172.33±26.63c	208.86±14.42c	11.53±0.94c	2.16 ±0.16c	82.93±7.45c	197.64±24.18c
	定莜8号 Dingyou 8	CK	19.92±1.81a	8.25±0.82b	667.19±80.97a	288.00±19.07a	15.99±1.09a	3.00 ±0.66b	289.15±33.79a	219.87±19.27a
		RIt	16.29±0.71b	10.46±1.02a	600.51±72.82b	288.86±5.72a	9.60±0.93b	3.81±0.53a	234.33±20.10b	223.41±13.53a
		RIj	9.21±4.07c	4.16 ±0.31c	120.22±20.00c	212.44±32.12b	5.52±0.23c	2.08±0.85c	85.50±5.67c	182.99±13.77b
年份 Year (Y)			***	**	***	***	***	***	***	***
品种 Variety (V)			*	***	***	*	***	*	***	ns
减灌模式 Reduced irrigation (R)			***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***
Y×V			ns	ns	**	ns	***	***	***	***
Y×R			***	***	***	***	***	***	***	ns
V×R			*	***	***	***	***	***	***	ns
Y×V×R			**	***	***	**	**	***	***	***

Table 5

Fig. 4

Table 6

Fig. 5

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年份 Year	土壤有机质 Soil organic matter (g·kg^-1)	全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg^-1)	全磷 Total phosphorus (g·kg^-1)	全钾 Total potassium (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮 Alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷 Available phosphorus (mg·kg^-1)	有效钾 Available potassium (mg·kg^-1)	pH
2022	23.93	2.14	0.52	18.32	111.50	6.73	238.67	8.16
2023	23.77	2.16	0.54	16.83	109.67	7.10	242.33	8.14

年份 Year	品种 Variety	减灌模式Reduced irrigation	穗长 Panicle length (cm)	穗粒数 Kernel number per panicle	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	有效穗数 Productive panicle number (m²)	结实率 Seed setting rate (%)	籽粒产量 Grain yield (kg·hm^-2)
2022	坝莜1号 Bayou 1	CK	15.75±0.63a	114.75±16.75a	23.90±1.98b	206.91±20.58a	94.93±2.15a	2421.34±233.42a
		RIt	16.09±1.09a	102.91±11.72a	25.88±1.59a	166.84±16.09b	94.31±2.53a	2167.36±303.64a
		RIj	14.10±0.46b	85.82±5.91b	26.44±1.21a	224.79±11.64a	84.12±1.21b	1971.84±169.95b
	定莜8号 Dingyou 8	CK	21.82±5.52a	116.40±8.89a	21.97±1.36a	219.89±45.07a	82.09±1.75b	1784.10±226.01a
		RIt	23.88±2.70a	108.28±17.44b	22.98±1.85a	187.31±9.22b	90.11±2.13a	1743.50±201.27a
		RIj	17.74±1.40b	94.68±12.01b	21.37±0.87a	213.27±13.16a	71.96±4.61c	1537.51±108.43b
2023	坝莜1号 Bayou 1	CK	20.71±0.41a	127.91±5.15a	23.88±0.82c	229.79±19.61a	91.15±3.37a	2520.05±327.07a
		RIt	21.23±2.32a	115.51±4.43b	26.67±0.96a	172.31±17.79b	92.92±3.14a	2337.25±202.43b
		RIj	17.16±0.58b	87.85±3.47c	24.98±0.91b	221.06±11.14a	80.86±2.00b	1980.95±146.78c
	定莜8号 Dingyou 8	CK	21.12±3.64b	117.67±7.74a	21.00±1.56c	209.26±19.29b	83.57±3.20a	2011.99±277.23a
		RIt	24.70±0.66a	94.31±6.81b	23.84±1.34a	181.78±8.98c	89.79±4.12a	1758.57±78.85b
		RIj	18.96±0.87c	78.99±8.36c	22.14±1.06b	226.33±13.51a	67.77±5.34b	1580.94±291.19c
年份 Year (Y)			***	ns	***	ns	***	***
品种 Variety (V)			***	**	***	ns	***	***
减灌模式 Reduced irrigation (R)			***	***	***	***	***	***
Y×V			***	***	*	ns	ns	***
Y×R			ns	**	**	ns	**	***
V×R			**	**	*	*	***	ns
Y×V×R			*	ns	***	*	*	ns
籽粒产量 Grain yield			-0.16*	0.45***	0.37***	-0.08	0.54***	1

年份 Year	品种 Variety	减灌模式 Reduced irrigation	结实小穗数 Number of fertile spikelets			不孕小穗数 Number of sterile spikelets
年份 Year	品种 Variety	减灌模式 Reduced irrigation	穗上部 Upper spikelet	穗中部 Middle spikelet	穗下部 Lower spikelet	穗上部 Upper spikelet	穗中部 Middle spikelet	穗下部 Lower spikelet
2022	坝莜1号 Bayou 1	CK	9.08±0.94a	16.91±1.72b	25.39±2.25b	0.00±0.00a	0.00±0.00c	3.62±0.49b
		RIt	5.84±0.38b	19.47±1.34a	23.20±3.29c	0.00±0.00a	0.44±0.19a	2.24±0.60c
		RIj	6.11±0.60b	13.70±3.44c	27.86±3.02a	0.00±0.00a	0.21±0.09b	8.78±0.07a
	定莜8号 Dingyou 8	CK	6.49±0.10a	13.22±1.63b	16.90±1.83a	0.00±0.00a	0.20±0.09b	8.27±0.69b
		RIt	5.18±0.22b	16.10±2.29a	16.80±1.31a	0.00±0.00a	0.32±0.12a	4.33±0.20c
		RIj	5.17±0.19b	10.15±0.55c	16.87±1.28a	0.00±0.00a	0.00±0.00c	13.37±1.34a
2023	坝莜1号 Bayou 1	CK	4.57±0.51a	16.58±0.91b	36.94±3.31a	0.00±0.00a	0.32±0.09b	5.46±0.57b
		RIt	2.92±0.87b	19.13±1.65a	30.94±3.22c	0.00±0.00a	0.00±0.00c	2.12±0.61c
		RIj	2.59±0.45b	12.55±1.46c	33.60±2.68b	0.00±0.00a	1.05±0.23a	10.61±1.92a
	定莜8号 Dingyou 8	CK	4.26±1.30a	15.52±1.33b	17.36±1.48a	0.00±0.00a	0.30±0.10b	6.28±1.58b
		RIt	3.44±0.59b	17.95±1.83a	16.50±1.52a	0.00±0.00a	0.00±0.00c	4.06±1.95c
		RIj	2.80±1.39b	9.22±1.36c	14.93±1.76b	0.00±0.00a	1.26±0.08a	16.02±1.02a
年份 Year (Y)			***	ns	***	—	***	***
品种 Variety (V)			***	***	***	—	ns	***
减灌模式 Reduced irrigation (R)			***	***	***	—	***	***
Y×V			***	***	***	—	***	***
Y×R			***	***	***	—	***	***
V×R			***	ns	***	—	***	***
Y×V×R			*	ns	*	—	***	***

Effects of Endogenous Hormones and Source-Sink-Flow Relationships on Grain Yield in Oat Under Reduced Irrigation Conditions

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灌溉处理 Irrigation treatment	底墒水 Pre-sowing irrigation (mm)	分蘖水 Irrigation at tillering (mm)	拔节水 Irrigation at jointing (mm)	灌水总量 Total irrigation amount (mm)
常规灌溉 CK	60	60	60	180
分蘖期减灌 RIt	60	0	60	120
拔节期减灌 RIj	60	60	0	120

年份 Year	品种 Variety	减灌模式Reduced irrigation	大维管束横截面积 Large vascular bundle area (×10² μm²)	大维管束韧皮部面积 Large vascular bundle phloem area (×10² μm²)	大维管束数目 Number of large vascular bundles	大维管束导管直径 Large vascular bundle vessel diameter (μm)
2022	坝莜1号 Bayou 1	CK	184.61±6.82a	54.27±5.32a	15.55±0.75a	42.79±3.27a
		RIt	162.71±6.89b	54.62±3.55a	14.20±1.72b	42.58±2.33a
		RIj	147.32±3.40c	41.39±4.45b	15.46±1.64a	35.97±3.12b
	定莜8号 Dingyou 8	CK	269.88±8.67b	80.15±2.21b	18.42±2.81a	45.57±4.66a
		RIt	292.13±9.62a	84.23±5.24a	14.60±0.74b	47.26±2.45a
		RIj	184.76±7.78c	56.76±2.25c	17.25±2.36a	38.69±2.42b
2023	坝莜1号 Bayou 1	CK	201.63±8.71b	57.44±3.50a	16.54±1.37a	43.89±3.30b
		RIt	206.50±3.64a	56.53±4.84a	13.95±1.62b	46.19±4.03a
		RIj	178.40±8.03c	42.71±4.25b	16.55±1.02a	39.38±3.14c
	定莜8号 Dingyou 8	CK	287.72±8.61a	80.07±3.75a	18.95±2.87a	50.67±5.40a
		RIt	287.86±8.93a	81.93±7.50a	16.50±1.21b	49.23±3.91b
		RIj	173.34±7.03b	53.31±7.29b	18.25±1.33a	38.32±2.54c
年份 Year (Y)			***	ns	***	***
品种 Variety (V)			***	***	***	***
减灌模式 Reduced irrigation (R)			***	***	***	***
Y×V			***	**	ns	ns
Y×R			***	ns	ns	ns
V×R			***	***	ns	**
Y×V×R			***	ns	*	**

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