不同基因型高粱的氮效率及对低氮胁迫的生理响应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.16.004

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 The aim of this study was to investigate the genotypic variability for sorghum nitrogen (N) use efficiency and related traits, and the effects of low nitrogen stress on leaf inorganic nitrogen content and nitrogen assimilation enzymes of sorghum, so as to provide theoretical basis for further improvement in the cultivation of low-N tolerant sorghum genotypes. 【Method】 The experiment was conducted in greenhouse by means of pot with soil medium. There were two N levels (HN: 0.24 g N·kg^-1soil, LN: 0.04 g N·kg^-1soil). Four sorghum genotypes, two of which were low-N susceptible genotypes (Jiya2 and TX7000B) and the other two were low-N tolerant genotypes (SX44B and TX378), were employed to explore the effects of low nitrogen stress on plant growth, yield, N use efficiency, leaf inorganic nitrogen (NO₃^--N, NO₂^--N and NH₄⁺-N) content, and nitrogen assimilation enzymes in terms of nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthetase (GOGAT) at both flag leaf and grain filling stages. 【Result】 (1) Compared with the grain yield (GY) of HN treatment, LN treatment resulted in a decrease of 13.87% and 19.25% for Jiya2 and TX7000B, respectively, However, LN treatment didn’t decrease the GY of SX44B and TX378. (2) The relative grain N accumulation, relative plant N accumulation and relative N harvest index (ratios of trait values under LN treatment to those under HN treatment) were inconsistent with the low nitrogen tolerant performance of sorghum. By contrast, the low-N tolerant genotypes had a higher relative nitrogen partial factor productivity (NPFP) and relative nitrogen utilization efficiency (NutE) than low-N susceptible genotypes. The NPFP of SX44B and TX378 under LN treatment were 6.19 and 7.49 times than that under HN treatment, respectively, while the NPFP of Jiya2 and TX7000B were 5.17 and 4.85 times, respectively. The NutE of SX44B and TX378 under LN treatment were 1.84 and 1.85 times of that under HN treatment, whereas the values of Jiya 2 and TX7000B were 1.67 and 1.35 times, respectively. (3) Path analysis showed that plant nitrogen accumulation and NutE contributed the same to grain yield under HN treatment, while the importance of NutE was over plant nitrogen accumulation in defining the GY under LN treatment. (4) Leaf inorganic N content was irrelevant to the low N tolerance of sorghum. Leaf inorganic N content at flag leaf stage was significantly lower than that at grain filling stage. (5) LN treatment significantly decreased the leaf NR, GS and GOGAT activity of Jiya2 and TX7000B. On the contrary, leaf nitrogen assimilation enzyme activity of SX44B was not notably changed by N level, and leaf GS activity of TX378 was significantly increased under LN treatment.【Conclusion】Low-N tolerant sorghum genotypes had a higher relative GY and relative NutE under LN treatment. Maintaining relatively high nitrogen assimilation enzyme activity was the physiological basis of low-N tolerant sorghum genotypes. Exploring and utilizing sorghum germplasm resources with high nitrogen assimilation enzyme activity and high NutE under low nitrogen conditions should be helpful to improve the breeding efficiency of low-N tolerant sorghum genotypes.

Key words: Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, nitrogen uptake efficiency, nitrogen utilization efficiency, nitrogen assimilation enzymes

LIU Peng, WU AiLian, WANG JinSong, NAN JiangKuan, DONG ErWei, JIAO XiaoYan, PING JunAi, BAI WenBin. Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Physiological Responses of Different Sorghum Genotypes Influenced by Nitrogen Deficiency[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(16): 3074-3083.

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