促进稻田农药利用效率的表面活性剂筛选

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.07.007

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of this study is to filter out suitable surfactants based on improving the pesticide application efficiency in paddy field among 10 surfactants of 3 surfactant-types, organosilicone, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene and azone.【Method】Surface tension of 10 surfactant solutions was measured followed by national standard (GB 5549-1990) and the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of surfactant was also measured according to the change of surface tension of surfactants solutions. Then the proper surfactant solutions spraying in paddy field were selected on the basis of surface tension reducing efficiency, initial contact angle on rice leaf surface and maximum retention (Rm) by micro-weighing method.【Result】The surface tension values of PTS and NP-15 solutions at CMC were both more than the estimated critical surface tension (CST) values of rice leaves and the initial contact angles (＞100°) on rice leaves were indicative of poor wetting and adhesion. GSS, KNS and GJZ could be wetting on rice leaf surface, but the initial contact angles (＞90°) exhibited that droplets of solutions were hard to adhere to rice leaf surface and easy to roll or run off the rice leaf surface. The rest 5 surfactants at suitable concentrations could be used in paddy field and one of them was Silwet 408 showed good wetting and adhesion on rice leaf surface. At 30°, 45° and 60° inclination, its maximun run-off points ((14.33±0.27), (12.44±0.58) and (10.27±0.40) mg•cm-2) and Rm ((7.98±0.37), (6.84±0.40) and (5.23±0.23) mg•cm-2) of rice leaf surface were significantly greater than TX-10. After adding Silwet 408 at concentration of 125.0 mg•L-1 in water and three pesticides (chlopyrifos, validamycin and imidacloprid) solutions at recommended concentrations, values of surface tension of solutions decreased to 20.77-23.12 mN•m-1 and the initial contact angles reduced to 28.4°-67.1°. Excepting the chlopyrifos solution at recommended concentration, Rm of other solutions increased significantly. 【Conclusion】 The 5 surfactants tested at suitable concentrations can be used in paddy field. At the concentration of 125.0 mg•L-1, Silwet 408 solution is most suitable for spraying in paddy field.

Key words: initial contact angle , surface tension , surfactant , critical micelle concentration (CMC) , maximum retention (Rm)

XU Guang-Chun, GU Zhong-Yan, XU De-Jin, XU Xiao-Long. Screening of Surfactants for Promoting the Efficiency of Pesticide Used in Paddy Field[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(7): 1370-1379.

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Screening of Surfactants for Promoting the Efficiency of Pesticide Used in Paddy Field

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