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Karyotypes of Maize and Its Relatives—Teosinte

YANG Xiu-yan, CAI Yi, FU Jie, TANG Qi-lin, RONG Ting-zhao   

  1. Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, Sichuan
  • Received:2010-07-28 Online:2011-04-02 Published:2010-11-23

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Abstract: 【Objective】 Karyotypes from maize and teosinte of the current classification of Zea were investigated in order to further reveal the evolution and genetic relationships between species. 【Method】 The number of chromosomes in maize and teosintes was calculated by a root tip squashing method, and karyotypes of all species of Zea were analyzed. 【Result】 The results were as follows: All the materials are diploids with 2n=2x=20, except Zea perennis (2n=4x=40). The variation of karyotypes within subsection and species (subspecies) was not observed. The chromosomes of all the materials were metacentric or submetacentric. Except for Zea perennis which had two pairs of satellites, the other species (subspecies) only had one pair, and the satellite was located on the short arm. The satellite of maize was positioned on the metacentric chromosome, while the satellites of teosinte were located on the submetacentric chromosome. The karyotypes of all the taxa in Section Luxuriantes were 2A, while that of Section Zea were 2B type. 【Conclusion】 Cytogenetic evidence showed that all the materials of the genus Zea are diploids with 2n=20 chromosomes, except Zea perennis (2n=4x=40), the difference in variation of karyotypes between maize and teosinte is small, and they are congeneric. Zea perennis is not evolved from the double Zea diploperennis and they are two separate species.

Key words: maize (Zea mays L.) , teosinte , chromosome , karyotype

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