紫云英与稻草联合利用对南方稻区土壤磷库组成及磷素活化的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.07.008

中国农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (7): 1480-1491.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.07.008

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

紫云英与稻草联合利用对南方稻区土壤磷库组成及磷素活化的影响

袁浩亮¹^,²^,³(), 聂军¹^,²^,³, 黎鹏²^,³, 鲁艳红¹^,²^,³, 廖育林¹^,²^,³, 徐昌旭⁴, 李忠义⁵, 曹卫东⁶, 张江林¹^,²^,³^,^*()

¹ 湖南省耕地与农业环境生态研究所，长沙 410125
² 湖南大学生物学院隆平分院，长沙 410125
³ 农业农村部湖南耕地保育科学观测实验站，长沙 410125
⁴ 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所，南昌 330200
⁵ 广西农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所，南宁 530007
⁶ 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所，北京 100081

收稿日期:2025-05-30 接受日期:2025-08-15 出版日期:2026-04-08 发布日期:2026-04-08
通信作者:
张江林，E-mail：zhangjianglin@hunaas.cn。
联系方式: 袁浩亮，E-mail：yuanhaoliang2000@163.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32202607); 湖南省自然科学基金(2023JJ40391); 湖南省农业科技创新资金项目(2024CX41); 湖南省农业科技创新资金项目(2024CX104)

Effects of Co-Utilization of Chinese Milk Vetch and Rice Straw on Soil Phosphorus Composition and Phosphorus Activation of Paddy Field in Southern China

YUAN HaoLiang¹^,²^,³(), NIE Jun¹^,²^,³, LI Peng²^,³, LU YanHong¹^,²^,³, LIAO YuLin¹^,²^,³, XU ChangXu⁴, LI ZhongYi⁵, CAO WeiDong⁶, ZHANG JiangLin¹^,²^,³^,^*()

¹ Hunan Cultivated Land and Agricultural Eco-Environment Institute, Changsha 410125
² Longping Branch of the School of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125
³ Hunan Farmland Conservation Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changsha 410125
⁴ Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Resource Environment, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200
⁵ Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007
⁶ Institute of Agricultural Resources and Agricultural Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081

Received:2025-05-30 Accepted:2025-08-15 Published:2026-04-08 Online:2026-04-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探讨紫云英与稻草联合还田对稻田土壤磷库组分、磷活化系数及水稻磷素积累量的影响，为该模式的推广应用及磷素养分管理提供理论支撑。【方法】依托湖南、江西（始于2016年）和广西（始于2019年）的长期田间定位试验，设置4个处理：（1）冬闲+常规施肥（F）；（2）紫云英+常规施肥（FM）；（3）冬闲+稻草+常规施肥（FS）；（4）紫云英+稻草+常规施肥（FMS）。早稻收获后，采集0—20 cm耕层土壤样品，测定土壤磷组分含量及磷酸酶活性，计算土壤磷活化系数，同时调查水稻实际产量并计算其磷素积累量。【结果】与F处理相比，FMS处理使3个试验点稻谷产量提高了9.7%—29.5%；水稻磷素积累量提高了20.6%—51.4%。与F处理相比，FMS处理显著提高了土壤活性态磷库占比，增幅为13.5%—30.1%；同时降低了稳定态磷库占比，降幅为2.3%—6.0%。具体而言，FMS处理主要提高了无机态磷含量，与F处理相比，FMS处理的NaHCO₃和NaOH提取态无机磷含量分别提高了13.5%—33.3%和10.7%—17.4%；此外，FMS处理的土壤磷活化系数也提高了5.4%—18.2%，并显著提高了土壤磷酸酶活性，与F处理相比，FMS处理土壤酸性和碱性磷酸酶活性分别提高了2.1%—21.5%和2.2%—26.3%，促进了有机磷的矿化。【结论】连续多年的紫云英与稻草还田能提高活性态磷含量和磷酸酶活性，有效提升土壤磷素的有效性。与单独利用相比，紫云英与稻草联合利用能进一步提高土壤磷含量，促进水稻对磷素的吸收，从而实现水稻产量的协同增长。

关键词: 紫云英, 稻草, 有效磷, 磷形态, 磷酸酶活性, 南方稻区

Abstract:

【Objective】Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.) and rice straw are high-quality organic resources in southern rice-growing regions. Their combined application plays a significant role in enhancing rice yield and improving soil fertility. However, the specific processes and mechanisms by which this practice activates insoluble phosphorus (P) in the soil remain unclear. This study systematically investigated the effects of combined incorporation of Chinese milk vetch and rice straw on soil P fraction composition, P activation coefficient, and rice P accumulation in paddy fields, aiming to provide the theoretical support for promoting this practice and managing P nutrients. 【Method】Long-term field positioning experiments were conducted in Hunan, Jiangxi (initiated in 2016), and Guangxi (initiated in 2019). Four treatments were established: (1) Winter fallow+Conventional fertilization (F); (2) Chinese milk vetch incorporation+Conventional fertilization (FM); (3) Winter fallow+Rice straw return+Conventional fertilization (FS); (4) Chinese milk vetch incorporation+Rice straw return+Conventional fertilization (FMS). After early rice harvest, soil samples (0-20 cm plough layer) were collected. Soil P fractions and phosphatase activities were measured. The soil P activation coefficient was calculated. Actual rice yield was recorded, and rice P accumulation was calculated. 【Result】Compared with the F treatment, the FMS treatment increased grain yield by 9.7%-29.5% and rice P accumulation by 20.6%-51.4% across the three experimental sites. The FMS treatment significantly increased the proportion of the active P pool in the total soil P pool by 13.5%-30.1%, while decreasing the proportion of the stable P pool by 2.3%-6.0%. Specifically, compared with the F treatment, the FMS treatment primarily increased the content of inorganic P fractions: NaHCO₃-Pi and NaOH-Pi increased by 13.5%-33.3% and 10.7%-17.4%, respectively. Furthermore, the soil P activation coefficient under FMS increased by 5.4%-18.2%. Soil phosphatase activities were also significantly enhanced, compared with the F treatment, acid phosphatase activity and alkaline phosphatase activity increased by 2.1%-21.5% and 2.2%-26.3%, respectively, thereby promoting organic P mineralization. 【Conclusion】Long-term combined incorporation of Chinese milk vetch and rice straw enhanced soil P availability by increasing the content of active P forms and boosting phosphatase activity. Compared with their individual application, the combined use of Chinese milk vetch and rice straw further improved soil P fertility, promoted rice P uptake, and consequently achieved synergistic growth in rice yield.

Key words: Chinese milk vetch, rice straw, Olsen-P, phosphorus fractions, phosphatase activity, paddy field in Southern China

袁浩亮, 聂军, 黎鹏, 鲁艳红, 廖育林, 徐昌旭, 李忠义, 曹卫东, 张江林. 紫云英与稻草联合利用对南方稻区土壤磷库组成及磷素活化的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(7): 1480-1491.

YUAN HaoLiang, NIE Jun, LI Peng, LU YanHong, LIAO YuLin, XU ChangXu, LI ZhongYi, CAO WeiDong, ZHANG JiangLin. Effects of Co-Utilization of Chinese Milk Vetch and Rice Straw on Soil Phosphorus Composition and Phosphorus Activation of Paddy Field in Southern China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(7): 1480-1491.

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指标 Item 土壤类型 Soil type	湖南 Hunan	江西 Jiangxi	广西 Guangxi
土壤类型 Soil type	第四纪红色黏土发育而成的红黄泥田 Red-yellow clay paddy soil from Quaternary red clay	第四纪红色黏土发育而成的黄泥田 Yellow clay paddy soil from Quaternary red clay	第四纪红色黏土发育而成的浅红泥田 Light red paddy soil from Quaternary red clay
pH	5.2	5.8	6.8
有机质 SOC (g·kg^-1)	19.8	23.5	27.6
全氮 TN (g·kg^-1)	1.7	1.0	1.6
全磷 TP (g·kg^-1)	0.5	0.4	0.8
有效磷 Olsen-P (mg·kg^-1)	16.7	12.5	24.9
速效钾 AK (mg·kg^-1)	66.0	49.8	173.0

地点 Site	处理 Treatment	化肥 Fertilizer	稻草 Rice straw			紫云英 Chinese milk vetch			总投入量 Total input
地点 Site	处理 Treatment	化肥 Fertilizer	还田量 Application rate	磷含量 P content	磷投入量 P input	还田量 Application rate	磷含量 P content	磷投入量 P input	总投入量 Total input
湖南 Hunan	F	75.0							75.0
	FM	75.0				2250	3.2	7.2	82.2
	FS	75.0	原位还田 In situ return	1.7	10.0				85.0
	FMS	75.0	原位还田 In situ return	1.8	10.5	2250	3.2	7.2	92.7
江西 Jiangxi	F	75.0							75.0
	FM	75.0				2250	3.8	8.6	83.6
	FS	75.0	6000	1.6	9.5				84.5
	FMS	75.0	6000	1.8	10.7	2250	3.8	8.6	94.3
广西 Guangxi	F	90.0							90.0
	FM	90.0				原位还田 In situ return	3.6	8.1	98.1
	FS	90.0	原位还田 In situ return	1.7	12.9				102.9
	FMS	90.0	原位还田 In situ return	1.9	14.1	原位还田 In situ return	3.6	8.1	112.2

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	稻谷产量 Rice yield (kg·hm^-2)			磷素积累量 P accumulation (kg·hm^-2)
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	湖南 Hunan	江西 Jiangxi	广西 Guangxi	湖南 Hunan	江西 Jiangxi	广西 Guangxi
2021	F	4817±204 a	7008±698 a	6320±399 b
	FM	4941±155 a	7483±274 a	6953±350 ab
	FS	4815±155 a	7617±176 a	6478±239 b
	FMS	5058±146 a	7717±238 a	7329±288 a
2022	F	3725±205 a	5542±213 b	6913±205 b	18.9±1.9 b	24.7±1.8 c	32.8±1.8 c
	FM	3849±300 a	6183±342 b	7480±464 ab	20.6±1.3 ab	31.1±1.8 b	35.9±1.0 b
	FS	3958±112 a	5708±732 b	7052±406 b	19.5±1.6 ab	27.8±3.4 bc	33.2±1.4 c
	FMS	4088±162 a	7175±263 a	7809±318 a	22.8±2.7 a	37.4±0.6 a	39.0±1.8 a

地点 Site	处理 Treatment	活性态磷 Labile P (mg·kg^-1)			中等活性态磷 Moderately labile P (mg·kg^-1)		稳定态磷 Stable P (mg·kg^-1)
地点 Site	处理 Treatment	H₂O-Pi	NaHCO₃-Pi	NaHCO₃-Po	NaOH-Pi	NaOH-Po	HCl-Pi	Residual-P
湖南 Hunan	F	4.8±0.3b	30.4±1.9b	11.2±0.6b	121.7±0.3c	65.5±7.9a	23.6±0.9ab	256.7±0.5a
	FM	4.8±0.3b	27.0±0.7c	10.3±1.5b	118.6±1.5c	55.7±6.2a	20.0±2.3b	254.0±2.0ab
	FS	5.5±0.1a	36.5±1.6a	12.2±1.9b	136.0±3.5b	57.3±1.9a	24.7±2.6a	252.0±1.0b
	FMS	5.5±0.2a	34.5±2.1a	15.9±2.6a	142.9±1.6a	56.0±2.5a	22.2±2.2ab	247.3±3.5b
江西 Jiangxi	F	3.0±0.7a	27.7±0.6b	20.2±0.7ab	124.7±1.8c	83.3±5.8b	29.9±4.8b	247.5±2.9a
	FM	3.7±0.5a	33.2±3.4a	17.8±2.6b	140.8±0.3a	100.9±2.7a	37.0±2.2a	230.2±19.3ab
	FS	3.5±0.5a	29.5±3.2ab	19.8±3.3ab	133.2±5.4b	81.0±7.0b	37.0±3.3a	224.9±3.2b
	FMS	3.2±0.3a	33.6±1.5ab	22.6±1.8a	139.1±4.7ab	81.2±2.7b	36.3±1.0a	227.3±0.5b
广西 Guangxi	F	4.3±1.0a	22.8±2.6b	12.2±0.8b	160.0±10.9a	111.7±11.6a	14.9±0.5a	512.8±6.9a
	FM	2.8±0.1c	28.4±1.4a	15.8±0.1a	171.5±14.9a	88.6±6.6b	13.0±1.6a	511.7±6.0a
	FS	3.3±0.1bc	28.4±1.2a	9.4±1.4c	171.3±13.6a	90.1±8.9b	14.1±0.5a	508.6±4.4a
	FMS	4.1±0.1ab	30.4±2.6a	14.6±0.7a	177.1±9.9a	76.6±6.5b	13.0±1.2a	489.3±1.4b

紫云英与稻草联合利用对南方稻区土壤磷库组成及磷素活化的影响

Effects of Co-Utilization of Chinese Milk Vetch and Rice Straw on Soil Phosphorus Composition and Phosphorus Activation of Paddy Field in Southern China

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