同垄种植对玉米||花生土壤有效磷分布特征和作物磷吸收利用的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.13.006

中国农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (13): 2564-2577.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.13.006

• 耕作栽培·生理生化·农业信息技术 • 上一篇下一篇

同垄种植对玉米||花生土壤有效磷分布特征和作物磷吸收利用的影响

梁娜¹(), 汪江涛¹(), 王颖超¹, 郑宾¹, 王笑笑¹, 刘娟², 刘领¹, 付国占¹, 焦念元¹()

¹ 河南科技大学农学院/河南省旱地农业工程技术研究中心，河南洛阳 471023
² 河南省农业科学院花生研究所，郑州 450002

收稿日期:2025-01-25 接受日期:2025-05-16 出版日期:2025-07-01 发布日期:2025-07-05
通信作者:
焦念元，E-mail：nianyuanjiao@haust.edu.cn
联系方式: 梁娜，E-mail：1248152447@qq.com。汪江涛，E-mail：wangjt0223@haust.edu.cn。汪江涛与梁娜为同等贡献作者。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32272231); 国家自然科学基金(32201922); 河南科技大学青年骨干教师培养计划项目(13450011)

Effects of Co-Ridge Planting on the Distribution Characteristics of Soil Available Phosphorus and the Absorption and Utilization of Phosphorus by Crops in Maize||Peanut

LIANG Na¹(), WANG JiangTao¹(), WANG YingChao¹, ZHENG Bin¹, WANG XiaoXiao¹, LIU Juan², LIU Ling¹, FU GuoZhan¹, JIAO NianYuan¹()

¹ College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology/Henan Dryland Agricultural Engineering Technology Research Center, Luoyang 471023, Henan
² Institute of Peanut, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002

Received:2025-01-25 Accepted:2025-05-16 Published:2025-07-01 Online:2025-07-05

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】同垄种植能进一步提高玉米（Zea mays L.）花生（Arachis hypogaea L.）间作（玉米||花生）产量优势，探明其土壤有效磷分布特征及作物磷吸收利用特点，为玉米||花生可持续高产栽培提供理论和技术依据。【方法】试验于2023—2024年在河南科技大学农场进行，采用大田随机区组试验，以平作种植玉米||花生（FIC）为对照，在不施磷（P₀）和180 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2（P₁₈₀）条件下，研究同垄种植（RIC）对玉米||花生0—60 cm土层土壤有效磷分布特征及作物磷吸收利用的影响。【结果】在水平方向上，FIC处理0—60 cm土层土壤有效磷分布呈“ ”（平缓）特征，而RIC呈“ ”（垄状）特征，P₁₈₀条件下“低-高-低”的“ ”（垄状）特征更加凸显；RIC较FIC处理有利于提高种植单元内0—40 cm土层土壤有效磷含量，P₁₈₀条件下提高18.38%—21.29%，达到显著水平；RIC较FIC处理可缓解种间磷营养竞争，促进玉米和花生各器官磷含量提升，显著增加磷积累量，并促进磷向玉米籽粒和花生果仁分配；RIC较FIC处理显著提高间作玉米、间作花生和间作体系磷吸收量和产量，其中磷吸收量提高幅度分别为18.83%—32.62%、24.08%—41.78%和21.06%—37.14%（P<0.05）。P₁₈₀较P₀能进一步提高土壤有效磷含量及间作玉米和花生各器官磷含量，促进间作体系磷吸收，显著提高玉米、花生产量和间作优势。【结论】相较于平作种植，同垄种植能进一步提高玉米||花生产量优势，关键在于其改善了0—60 cm土层土壤有效磷分布，提高了种植单元内0—40 cm土层土壤有效磷含量，缓解种间磷营养竞争，促进玉米、花生对磷的吸收及向籽粒中分配，施磷具有显著的正向调控作用。

关键词: 同垄种植, 有效磷分布特征, 磷营养竞争, 磷吸收, 间作优势, 玉米, 花生

Abstract:

【Objective】 Co-ridge planting can further enhance the yield advantage of maize (Zea mays L.) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) intercropping (maize||peanut). This study aimed to explore the distribution characteristics of available phosphorus in maize||peanut soil and the characteristics of phosphorus absorption and utilization in crops under the co-ridge planting, which could provide theoretical and technical basis for sustainable high-yield cultivation of maize||peanut. 【Method】 The experiment was conducted in the farm of Henan University of Science and Technology from 2023 to 2024, using a field randomized block experiment. Under the conditions of no phosphorus (P₀) and 180 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2 (P₁₈₀), the effects of co-ridge planting of maize and peanut intercropping (RIC) on the distribution characteristics of soil available phosphorus in 0-60 cm soil layer as well as the absorption and utilization of phosphorus by crops in maize||peanut were studied with flat planting of maize and peanut intercropping (FIC) as the control. 【Result】 In the horizontal direction, the distribution of soil available phosphorus in 0-60 cm soil layer under FIC treatment exhibited “ ” (gentle) characteristics, while under RIC treatment, it showed “ ” (ridge) characteristics, under P₁₈₀ the “low-high-low” “ ” (ridge) characteristics was more prominent. Compared with FIC, RIC was beneficial to increase the soil available phosphorus content in the 0-40 cm soil layer within the planting unit, which significantly increased by 18.38%-21.29% under P₁₈₀. Compared with FIC, RIC alleviated the interspecific phosphorus nutrition competition, increased the phosphorus content of intercropping maize and peanut, significantly increased the phosphorus accumulation, and promoted the phosphorus distribution to maize grain and peanut seed. Compared with FIC, RIC significantly increased the phosphorus absorption and yield of intercropping maize, intercropping peanut, and intercropping system, within the increase range of phosphorus absorption being 18.83%-32.62%, 24.08%-41.78% and 21.06%-37.14%, respectively (P<0.05). Compared with P₀, P₁₈₀ could further increase soil available phosphorus content and phosphorus content in maize and peanut, promote phosphorus absorption in intercropping system, and significantly increase maize and peanut yield and intercropping advantage. 【Conclusion】 The co-ridge planting could further improve the yield advantage of maize||peanut compared with flat planting. The key lied in the fact that it improved the available phosphorus distribution in 0-60 cm soil and increased the available phosphorus content in the 0-40 cm soil layer of the planting unit, alleviated the interspecific phosphorus nutrition competition, and promoted the absorption of phosphorus in maize and peanut and its distribution to seed. Phosphorus application had a significant positive regulation effect.

Key words: co-ridge planting, distribution characteristics of available phosphorus, phosphorus nutrition competition, phosphorus absorption, intercropping advantages, maize, peanut

梁娜, 汪江涛, 王颖超, 郑宾, 王笑笑, 刘娟, 刘领, 付国占, 焦念元. 同垄种植对玉米||花生土壤有效磷分布特征和作物磷吸收利用的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(13): 2564-2577.

LIANG Na, WANG JiangTao, WANG YingChao, ZHENG Bin, WANG XiaoXiao, LIU Juan, LIU Ling, FU GuoZhan, JIAO NianYuan. Effects of Co-Ridge Planting on the Distribution Characteristics of Soil Available Phosphorus and the Absorption and Utilization of Phosphorus by Crops in Maize||Peanut[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(13): 2564-2577.

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图/表 11

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表1

同垄种植对玉米||花生土壤有效磷含量的影响"

年份 Year	磷水平 P level	种植方式 Planting pattern	土层深度 Soil depth (cm)	土壤有效磷含量 Soil available phosphorus content (mg·kg^-1)
年份 Year	磷水平 P level	种植方式 Planting pattern	土层深度 Soil depth (cm)	玉米行间 Maize rows (L1)	玉米株间 Maize plants (L2)	间距 Spacing (L3)	花生株间Peanut plants (L4)	花生行间 Peanut rows (L5)	种植单元 Planting unit (L2—L5)
2023	P₀	SC	0—10	3.21c	3.12c	/	3.93c	4.20c	/
		FIC		3.39c	3.52c	4.61c	2.84c	3.75c	3.68c
		RIC		3.93c	3.61c	4.84c	3.66c	3.98c	4.02c
	P₁₈₀	SC		27.83b	26.42b	/	30.54ab	25.74ab	/
		FIC		32.63a	27.43b	27.92b	27.10b	24.34b	26.70b
		RIC		25.66b	36.00a	35.59a	32.58a	27.74a	32.98a
	P₀	SC	10—20	2.16b	2.12c	/	3.39c	3.57c	/
		FIC		2.43b	2.03c	1.89b	2.80c	2.98c	2.42c
		RIC		2.12b	2.62c	2.30b	3.07c	3.21c	2.80c
	P₁₈₀	SC		16.59a	13.91b	/	17.63ab	22.94a	/
		FIC		17.63a	16.50ab	16.45a	15.54b	18.49b	16.75b
		RIC		15.91a	19.40a	16.59a	19.72a	22.30a	19.50a
	P₀	SC	20—40	2.03c	2.07b	/	3.16c	3.02c	/
		FIC		1.94c	2.16b	1.76c	2.53c	2.93c	2.34c
		RIC		1.85c	2.21b	2.21c	3.02c	3.07c	2.63c
	P₁₈₀	SC		4.56a	4.57a	/	6.06b	5.97b	/
		FIC		3.75ab	4.07a	5.47b	5.97b	5.83b	5.34b
		RIC		3.34b	5.02a	6.56a	7.56a	7.60a	6.68a
	P₀	SC	40—60	2.43a	1.80c	/	2.89a	2.80a	/
		FIC		2.07a	1.94bc	1.66b	2.48a	2.75a	2.21c
		RIC		2.43a	1.62c	2.12b	2.98a	3.02a	2.43bc
	P₁₈₀	SC		2.53a	2.71ab	/	3.43a	3.25a	/
		FIC		2.48a	2.07bc	3.34a	3.21a	2.84a	2.87b
		RIC		2.43a	3.21a	3.98a	3.61a	3.66a	3.61a
2024	P₀	SC	0—10	3.16c	2.84d	/	3.93c	3.93c	/
		FIC		3.70c	3.57d	4.02c	3.20c	3.34c	3.53c
		RIC		3.93c	3.79d	4.43c	3.70c	3.70c	3.91c
	P₁₈₀	SC		27.14a	26.33c	/	30.07ab	29.34a	/
		FIC		28.03a	28.22b	28.67b	28.50b	24.56b	27.49b
		RIC		26.10b	35.61a	35.11a	33.41a	28.52a	33.17a
	P₀	SC	10—20	2.03c	2.12c	/	3.43c	3.07c	/
		FIC		2.07c	2.53c	2.48b	2.52c	2.93c	2.61c
		RIC		1.98c	3.07c	2.75b	3.02c	2.98c	2.96c
	P₁₈₀	SC		20.33ab	19.49b	/	19.89ab	23.96a	/
		FIC		21.02a	19.97b	20.76a	18.65b	19.04b	19.60b
		RIC		19.47b	21.79a	22.32a	20.83a	23.07a	22.00a
	P₀	SC	20—40	1.89c	1.84c	/	2.93c	2.93d	/
		FIC		1.71c	1.71c	1.80c	2.21c	2.89d	2.15c
		RIC		1.53c	1.80c	1.98c	2.34c	2.93d	2.26c
	P₁₈₀	SC		3.75a	4.65ab	/	6.47a	5.92b	/
		FIC		3.20b	4.25b	4.61b	5.56b	4.79c	4.80b
		RIC		3.02b	5.06a	5.79a	6.51a	7.69a	6.26a
	P₀	SC	40—60	2.30a	1.66b	/	2.20b	2.57a	/
		FIC		2.43a	1.98b	1.57b	1.98b	2.43a	1.99b
		RIC		2.21a	1.98b	1.93b	2.30b	2.48a	2.17b
	P₁₈₀	SC		2.39a	2.07b	/	3.38a	3.34a	/
		FIC		2.84a	2.43b	3.47a	3.16a	3.29a	3.09a
		RIC		2.30a	3.20a	3.70a	3.38a	3.38a	3.42a

表1

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年份 Year	磷水平 P level	种植方式 Planting pattern	玉米各器官磷含量 Phosphorus content in different organs of maize (g·kg^-1)
			开花期 Anthesis stage			成熟期 Maturity stage
						茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	苞叶 Bract	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	苞叶 Bract	籽粒 Grain
2023	P₀	SM	1.82c	1.90d	1.89d	0.82d	1.27c	0.82d	1.33b
		FIM	1.93c	2.10c	1.89d	0.85d	1.32bc	0.96c	1.40b
		RIM	1.98c	2.14c	2.12c	0.87d	1.49b	1.04bc	1.58b
	P₁₈₀	SM	2.61b	3.33b	2.34b	1.01c	2.71a	1.10b	2.39a
		FIM	2.66b	3.37ab	2.44ab	1.07b	2.76a	1.29a	2.48a
		RIM	2.89a	3.49a	2.59a	1.21a	2.77a	1.37a	2.61a
2024	P₀	SM	1.39d	2.03d	2.09d	0.84d	1.75e	0.75c	1.50e
		FIM	1.71c	2.58c	2.27c	0.91cd	1.87de	0.84bc	1.71d
		RIM	1.79c	2.68c	2.32c	0.99c	2.02cd	0.89bc	1.81d
	P₁₈₀	SM	2.54b	3.82b	2.86b	1.17b	2.15bc	0.96b	2.56c
		FIM	2.61b	3.90b	3.00a	1.33a	2.28b	1.14a	2.78b
		RIM	2.84a	4.14a	3.11a	1.40a	2.65a	1.28a	3.05a

年份 Year	磷水平 P level	种植方式 Planting pattern	花生各器官磷含量 Phosphorus content in different organs of peanut (g·kg^-1)
			结荚期 Podding stage			成熟期 Maturity stage
						茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	果仁 Seed	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	果仁 Seed
2023	P₀	SP	0.90c	1.81c	2.92bc	0.84b	1.69d	3.38c
		FIP	0.80c	1.67d	2.71d	0.68c	1.54e	3.09e
		RIP	0.85c	1.74cd	2.74d	0.70c	1.61de	3.20d
	P₁₈₀	SP	1.55a	2.16a	3.10a	1.42a	2.05a	3.94a
		FIP	1.35b	2.04b	2.89c	1.34a	1.81c	3.83b
		RIP	1.42ab	2.09ab	3.04ab	1.36a	1.93b	3.92ab
2024	P₀	SP	1.31d	1.98d	3.08c	1.08d	1.86c	3.40d
		FIP	1.24e	1.81e	2.75d	0.81e	1.56e	2.96f
		RIP	1.28de	1.87e	2.87d	1.01d	1.72d	3.25e
	P₁₈₀	SP	1.97a	2.61a	3.97a	1.80a	2.26a	4.22a
		FIP	1.71c	2.39c	3.63b	1.41c	2.02b	3.87c
		RIP	1.89b	2.51b	3.85a	1.58b	2.12b	4.14b

年份 Year	磷水平 P level	种植方式 Planting pattern	磷积累量P accumulation (mg/plant)					磷分配比例P distribution proportion (%)
年份 Year	磷水平 P level	种植方式 Planting pattern	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	苞叶 Bract	籽粒 Grain	单株 Per plant	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	苞叶 Bract	籽粒 Grain
2023	P₀	SM	32.1e	26.2e	6.0e	106.6e	170.9f	18.8a	15.3bc	3.5a	62.4a
		FIM	36.9e	28.7e	7.6de	131.9e	205.1e	18.1ab	14.0cd	3.7a	64.2a
		RIM	45.4d	34.9d	11.6cd	180.1d	272.0d	16.7abc	12.9d	4.2a	66.2a
	P₁₈₀	SM	63.8c	84.6c	14.5c	276.2c	439.1c	14.6c	19.3a	3.3a	62.8a
		FIM	75.3b	94.5b	22.3b	324.6b	516.7b	14.6c	18.3a	4.3a	62.8a
		RIM	96.2a	99.9a	27.9a	390.0a	614.0a	15.7bc	16.3b	4.5a	63.5a
2024	P₀	SM	35.0f	32.6f	4.4e	93.2f	165.2f	21.2a	19.7a	2.7bc	56.4c
		FIM	42.9e	38.1e	6.1e	156.4e	243.3e	17.6b	15.6b	2.5bc	64.3b
		RIM	57.2d	45.6d	9.0d	202.9d	314.8d	18.2b	14.5b	2.9b	64.5b
	P₁₈₀	SM	80.6c	51.3c	11.4c	332.8c	476.0c	16.9bc	10.8c	2.4c	69.9a
		FIM	104.5b	61.6b	16.5b	423.6b	606.1b	17.2bc	10.2c	2.7bc	69.9a
		RIM	122.0a	79.9a	26.0a	537.1a	765.0a	16.0c	10.4c	3.4a	70.2a

年份 Year	磷水平 P level	种植方式 Planting pattern	磷积累量P accumulation (mg/plant)				磷分配比例P distribution proportion (%)
年份 Year	磷水平 P level	种植方式 Planting pattern	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	果仁 Seed	单株 Per plant	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	果仁 Seed
2023	P₀	SP	27.4d	21.0c	57.2c	105.6c	26.0c	19.9ab	54.1a
		FIP	13.8f	12.7e	30.9f	57.4e	24.1d	22.1a	53.8a
		RIP	18.5e	17.1d	45.8e	81.4d	22.7e	21.0a	56.3a
	P₁₈₀	SP	61.3a	31.7a	95.4a	188.3a	32.5b	16.8c	50.7b
		FIP	39.3c	19.9c	50.5d	109.8c	35.8a	18.1bc	46.0c
		RIP	45.9b	24.2b	66.1b	136.2b	33.7b	17.8bc	48.5bc
2024	P₀	SP	31.9c	21.6b	50.9b	104.4c	30.5b	20.7b	48.8a
		FIP	15.6e	11.9e	24.7e	52.1f	29.9b	22.8a	47.3ab
		RIP	21.7d	14.4d	32.8d	68.9e	31.4b	20.9b	47.6ab
	P₁₈₀	SP	61.9a	31.2a	75.4a	168.5a	36.7a	18.5c	44.8b
		FIP	33.0c	18.4c	41.0c	92.4d	35.7a	19.9bc	44.3b
		RIP	42.2b	22.6b	55.6b	120.4b	35.1a	18.8c	46.1ab

年份 Year	磷水平 P level	种植方式 Planting pattern	玉米Maize (kg·hm^-2)		花生Peanut (kg·hm^-2)		体系磷吸收量 P absorption of system (kg·hm^-2)	磷间作优势 P intercropping advantage (kg P·hm^-2)
年份 Year	磷水平 P level	种植方式 Planting pattern	单作 SC	间作 IC	单作 SC	间作 IC	体系磷吸收量 P absorption of system (kg·hm^-2)	磷间作优势 P intercropping advantage (kg P·hm^-2)
2023	P₀	FIC	11.4b	25.6d	27.8b	16.6d	20.2d	1.1d
	P₀	RIC	11.4b	34.0c	27.8b	23.6c	27.8c	8.6b
	P₁₈₀	FIC	29.3a	64.6b	49.6a	31.8b	44.9b	6.1c
	P₁₈₀	RIC	29.3a	76.7a	49.6a	39.5a	54.4a	15.5a
2024	P₀	FIC	11.0b	30.4d	27.5b	15.1d	21.2d	2.5c
	P₀	RIC	11.0b	39.3c	27.5b	20.0c	27.7c	8.9b
	P₁₈₀	FIC	31.7a	75.8b	44.4a	26.8b	46.4b	8.7b
	P₁₈₀	RIC	31.7a	95.6a	44.4a	34.9a	59.2a	21.5a

同垄种植对玉米||花生土壤有效磷分布特征和作物磷吸收利用的影响

Effects of Co-Ridge Planting on the Distribution Characteristics of Soil Available Phosphorus and the Absorption and Utilization of Phosphorus by Crops in Maize||Peanut

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年份 Year	磷水平 P level	种植方式 Planting pattern	玉米产量 Maize yield (kg·hm^-2)		花生产量 Peanut yield (kg·hm^-2)		体系产量 Intercropping system yield (kg·hm^-2)	间作产量优势 Intercropping yield advantage (kg·hm^-2)	土地当量比 Land equivalent ratio
年份 Year	磷水平 P level	种植方式 Planting pattern	单作 SC	间作 IC	单作 SC	间作 IC	体系产量 Intercropping system yield (kg·hm^-2)	间作产量优势 Intercropping yield advantage (kg·hm^-2)	土地当量比 Land equivalent ratio
2023	P₀	FIC	6540b	5312d	4167a	1667c	6979d	1556b	1.21c
	P₀	RIC	6540b	6009c	4167a	2028b	8037c	2614a	1.41a
	P₁₈₀	FIC	9847a	7412b	5694a	2167b	9579b	1686b	1.14d
	P₁₈₀	RIC	9847a	7911a	5694a	2778a	10689a	2796a	1.29b
2024	P₀	FIC	4798b	3687d	4000b	1221c	4908d	486c	1.08b
	P₀	RIC	4798b	4483c	4000b	1604b	6087c	1664b	1.34a
	P₁₈₀	FIC	8282a	6857b	5667a	1625b	8482b	1430b	1.11b
	P₁₈₀	RIC	8282a	7565a	5667a	1923a	9488a	2437a	1.25a