粳稻资源抗倒伏性评价与生理机制

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.07.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】倒伏问题制约着水稻产业的发展。本研究筛选抗倒性强的粳稻品种及粳稻抗倒伏鉴定关键指标，进一步选取不同抗倒性粳稻，比较其理化性质差异，可为抗倒伏粳稻品种选育提供优质亲本资源，并为优化育种策略及解析抗倒伏栽培调控机制提供理论依据。【方法】以50份粳稻种质资源为试验材料，测定其14个抗倒伏性状。通过遗传多样性指数分析和综合评价，将50份粳稻种质资源进行评级分类，并运用灰色关联分析筛选出抗倒伏能力鉴定的关键指标。在此基础上，进一步选取具有不同抗倒伏能力类型粳稻品种：九稻325（抗倒型）、吉玉粳（较抗倒型）和五优稻4号（倒伏敏感型）作为试验材料，系统分析其茎秆特性、物质代谢及基因表达特征，深入探讨粳稻抗倒伏的生理机制。【结果】50份粳稻品种抗倒伏能力性状变异系数在5.38%—21.08%，遗传多样性指数在1.76—2.06，通过主成分分析，提取到4个主成分利用隶属函数法计算综合评价D值，D值范围在0.12—0.72。通过聚类分析，将50份粳稻种质资源分为3类：第1类为抗倒型品种（30%）；第2类为较抗倒型品种（32%）；第3类为倒伏敏感型品种（38%）。灰色关联分析表明，水稻基部第二节间（N2）长度和N2壁厚与抗倒伏能力综合评价D值关联程度最高。穗重、水稻基部第三节间（N3）长、N2长和N2节间壁厚与粳稻产量关联程度最高。与倒伏敏感型品种相比，抗倒型和较抗倒型粳稻品种的N2节间长度分别显著降低37.02%和9.09%，同时大维管束面积增加20.55%和6.81%，皮层厚度提高15.04%和12.86%。纤维素合成酶基因和木质素合成酶基因表达上调，导致纤维素含量增加37.30%和9.19%，木质素含量提高49.32%和17.71%。其中愈创木基木质素（G型）和紫丁香基木质素（S型）木质素单体占92.36%—93.90%。【结论】筛选出九稻325、庆林168、哈粳稻1号等抗倒伏性状优良的种质资源，N2节间长度和N2节间壁厚可作为高产抗倒伏能力评价鉴定关键指标。与倒伏敏感型粳稻品种相比，抗倒型和较抗倒型粳稻品种通过上调纤维素和木质素合成酶相关基因的表达水平，促进纤维素、木质素单体和木质素的生物合成，同时积累更高的淀粉和可溶性糖含量，优化了茎秆的物理及解剖结构特征，从而提高了粳稻抗倒伏能力。

关键词: 粳稻, 倒伏, 综合评价, 茎秆特性, 理化组分

Abstract:

【Objective】The lodging problem restricts the development of the rice industry. This study screened japonica rice varieties with strong lodging resistance and key indicators for lodging resistance identification in japonica rice, and japonica rice varieties with different lodging resistances were further selected to compare the differences in their physicochemical properties, which could provide high-quality parental resources for the breeding of lodging-resistant japonica rice varieties, and offer theoretical basis for optimizing breeding strategies and analyzing the cultivation regulation mechanism of lodging resistance.【Method】This study took 50 japonica rice germplasm resources as experimental materials, and determined 14 lodging resistance traits. Through comprehensive genetic diversity index analysis and comprehensive evaluation, the 50 japonica rice germplasm resources were rated and classified, and the grey correlation analysis was used to screen the key indicators for identifying lodging resistance. On this basis, japonica rice varieties with different lodging resistances were further selected: Jiudao 325 (lodging-resistant type), Jiyujing (relatively lodging-resistant type), and Wuyoudao 4 (lodging-sensitive type) as experimental materials. Subsequently, the stem characteristics, material metabolism, and gene expression characteristics were systematically analyzed to deeply explore the physiological mechanism of lodging resistance in japonica rice.【Result】The coefficient of variation for lodging resistance traits among the 50 japonica rice varieties ranged from 5.38% to 21.08%, with genetic diversity indices between 1.76 and 2.06. Principal component analysis (PCA) extracted four principal components, and the comprehensive evaluation D-values calculated using the membership function method ranged from 0.12 to 0.72. Cluster analysis classified the 50 germplasms into three groups: Group 1 (30%) as lodging-resistant, Group 2 (32%) as moderately lodging-resistant, and Group 3 (38%) as lodging-sensitive. Grey relational analysis indicated that the length and wall thickness of the second basal internode (N2) exhibited the highest correlation with the D-value. The correlation degree between spike weight, the third basal internode (N3) length, N2 length and N2 intercellular wall thickness and japonica rice yield was the highest. Compared with lodging-sensitive varieties, lodging-resistant and moderately lodging-resistant varieties showed significant reductions in N2 internode length by 37.02% and 9.09%, respectively, accompanied by increases in large vascular bundle area by 20.55% and 6.81%, respectively, and cortical thickness by 15.04% and 12.86%, respectively. Upregulated expression of cellulose synthase and lignin synthase genes led to increased cellulose content by 37.30% and 9.19%, respectively, and lignin content by 49.32% and 17.71%, respectively, with Guaiacyl lignin (G-type) and Syringyl lignin (S-type) lignin monomers accounting for 92.36%-93.90% of total lignin.【Conclusion】This study screened elite germplasm resources with excellent lodging resistance traits, such as Jiudao 325, Qinglin 168, and Hajingdao 1. The internode length and internode wall thickness of N2 could be used as key indicators for evaluating and identifying high-yield lodging resistance. Compared with lodging-sensitive japonica rice varieties, lodging-resistant and moderately lodging-resistant varieties upregulated the expression levels of genes related to cellulose and lignin synthase by promoting the biosynthesis of cellulose, lignin monomers, and lignin. Meanwhile, they accumulated higher contents of starch and soluble sugars by optimizing the physical and anatomical structural characteristics of stems, thereby enhancing the lodging resistance of japonica rice.

Key words: japonica rice, lodging, comprehensive evaluation, stem characteristics, physical and chemical components

崔节浩, 张萌, 王沁, 于佳妍, 林琨, 李尚泽, 兰恒, 耿艳秋, 张强, 郭丽颖, 邵玺文. 粳稻资源抗倒伏性评价与生理机制[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(7): 1420-1438.

CUI JieHao, ZHANG Meng, WANG Qin, YU JiaYan, LIN Kun, LI ShangZe, LAN Heng, GENG YanQiu, ZHANG Qiang, GUO LiYing, SHAO XiWen. Evaluation of Lodging Resistance and Its Physiological Mechanisms in Japonica Rice Resources[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(7): 1420-1438.

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基因名称 Gene name	序列-F Forward Primer (3′-5′)	序列-R Reverse Primer (5′-3′)
OsCesA1	ttgacttgcacgatcgatacg	tcccacataaactggaccctg
OsCesA3	gcatttttgctactggcatcc	tccctggaacaaagcaaagag
OsCesA4	gttcgatggcattgatcgca	ccacataaaccggaccttgga
OsCesA7	ccggatggatgattcttgttg	cccccaaaacacttttatccc
OsCesA8	tgttgaaggtgctggattcga	tgagagtggaggcaacaaacg
OsCesA9	aggccatccatgtcatcagct	ttgaaccccgttaggatgtcc
Os4CL3	gccgtctcctcgtgtaac	ttggccttagctgctttt
OsCAD2	cgaccagaagtttgtggtgaa	gaagtgcttcagtgggctgta
OsCAD7	tcaccggggtggtgaccgag	ccgccgcaggtgttcaccat
OsPAL	accgcttcgtgtatcttcag	aaggatggaatcgagtagca
OsCOMT	gaaggtggtggtggtggagt	gcgttggcgtagatgtaggtg

性状 Trait	变化范围 Range	平均值 Mean	标准差 Mean square	变异系数 CV (%)	遗传多样性指数 H'
重心高 Height center of gravity (cm)	38.11—47.31	42.61	2.29	5.38	2.05
株高 Plant height (cm)	87.22—118.77	98.09	7.01	7.15	1.93
N2长 Length of N2 (cm)	5.68—10.10	7.49	0.89	11.86	1.98
N3长 Length of N3 (cm)	11.59—19.29	15.31	1.71	11.14	2.06
N4长 Length of N4 (cm)	18.32—27.52	21.64	2.03	9.37	1.92
N5长 Length of N5 (cm)	23.26—39.94	32.68	3.37	10.32	1.96
穗长 Panicle length (cm)	17.64—30.79	20.39	2.19	10.75	1.76
N2重 Weight of N2 (g)	1.83—4.54	2.75	0.57	20.86	1.97
N3—N5重 Weight of N3-N5 (g)	4.61—11.30	7.37	1.55	21.08	2.05
穗重 Panicle weight (g)	3.35—5.89	4.48	0.67	14.99	2.06
N2抗折力 F of N2 (kg)	0.72—1.88	1.36	0.24	17.87	2.04
茎鞘干重 Dry weight of stem sheath (g)	1.09—2.41	1.76	0.28	15.74	1.97
N2节间壁厚 Wall thickness of N2 (mm)	0.58—1.08	0.76	0.09	11.25	1.89
产量 Yield ( t·hm^-2)	6600.85—11450.39	8971.33	1067.61	11.90	2.06

初始特征值 Initial eigenvalue				提取载荷平方和 The sum of the load squares was extracted
成分 Ingredient	总计 Total	方差百分比 Percentage of variance	累积 Accumulation (%)	总计 Total	方差百分比 Percentage of variance	累积 Accumulation (%)
1	4.36	31.12	31.12	4.36	31.12	31.12
2	3.04	21.70	52.82	3.04	21.70	52.82
3	1.74	12.43	65.24	1.74	12.42	65.24
4	1.23	8.78	74.02	1.23	8.78	74.02
5	0.86	6.14	80.16
6	0.69	4.91	85.07
7	0.60	4.31	89.37
8	0.45	3.24	92.61
9	0.30	2.17	94.78
10	0.25	1.80	96.58
11	0.21	1.49	98.07
12	0.14	0.98	99.05
13	0.09	0.63	99.68
14	0.05	0.32	100

指标 Index	成分1 C1	成分2 C2	成分3 C3	成分4 C4
重心高 Height center of gravity (cm)	0.18	0.16	-0.01	-0.12
株高 Plant height (cm)	0.17	0.17	0.04	-0.27
N2长 Length of N2 (cm)	-0.03	0.26	0.11	0.13
N3长 Length of N3 (cm)	-0.03	0.27	0.18	0.21
N4长 Length of N4 (cm)	0.08	0.23	0.12	0.10
N5长 Length of N5 (cm)	0.14	0.05	-0.21	-0.39
穗长 Panicle length (cm)	0.14	0.03	-0.05	-0.10
N2重 Weight of N2 (g)	0.12	0.03	-0.06	0.59
N3—N5重 Weight of N3-N5 (g)	0.17	-0.12	0.05	0.06
穗重 Panicle weight (g)	0.18	-0.06	-0.19	0.17
N2节间抗折力 F of N2 (kg)	0.08	-0.18	0.36	0.04
茎鞘干重 Dry weight of stem sheath (g)	0.17	-0.11	0.02	0.04
产量 Yield (t·hm^-2)	0	0	-0.44	0.32
N2节间壁厚 Wall thickness of N2 (mm)	0.10	-0.11	0.33	0.15
特征值 Characteristic values	4.36	3.04	1.74	1.23
贡献率 Contribution rates (%)	31.12	21.70	12.43	8.78
累计贡献率 Cumulative contribution	31.12	52.82	65.24	74.02

年份 Year	品种 Variety	倒伏类型 Lodging type	倒伏分级 Lodging grade	分级倒伏率 Graded lodging rate (%)	实际总倒伏率 Actual total lodging rate (%)
2023	九稻325 JD325	无倒伏 No lodging	0	0	0
	吉玉粳 JYJ	茎倒伏 Stem lodging	1	8.14	24.92
			2	11.67
			3	5.11
	五优稻4号 WYD4	茎倒伏 Stem lodging	1	11.72	72.17
			2	25.67
			3	34.78
2024	九稻325 JD325	无倒伏 No lodging	0	0	0
	吉玉粳 JYJ	茎倒伏 Stem lodging	1	7.36	20.12
			2	9.94
			3	2.82
	五优稻4号 WYD4	茎倒伏 Stem lodging	1	10.23	77.15
			2	38.42
			3	28.50