基于棉花公证检验数据的新疆原棉品质区域分布规律

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.01.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】新疆棉区跨越幅度大，气候生态类型多样，具有形成不同品质类型纤维的资源条件。研究新疆原棉品质的区域差异及其分布规律，明确影响原棉品质分布的气候因素，为用棉企业选择多类型、多档次的优质专用棉及优化棉花优质产区提供理论依据。【方法】基于2016—2020年中国棉花质量公证检验数据，通过加权平均方式分析新疆不同植棉县（市）的原棉品质情况，采用线性倾向斜率方法明确原棉品质的年际间变化趋势，依据原棉品质各指标所占权重对新疆原棉品质进行综合评价。【结果】北疆产棉区原棉纤维长度和断裂比强度较南疆和东疆产棉区显著高0.24—0.31 mm和0.62—1.17 cN/tex；新疆兵团原棉品质明显优于新疆地方，原棉纤维长度和断裂比强度分别增加了0.22 mm和0.44 cN/tex。纤维长度在28.9—29.0 mm的区域主要集中在北疆产棉区第七师胡杨河市（车排子垦区）、第八师石河子市（下野地垦区）、第十师北屯市（一八四团）；北疆产棉区的断裂比强度最好，为28.4—29.9 cN/tex，南疆产棉区则偏低；马克隆值A级主要集中在北疆产棉区第六师五家渠市（五家渠垦区）、第十师北屯市（一八四团）和昌吉市。高品质地区数量呈逐年增加趋势，纤维长度以每年0.01—0.07 mm递增，呈现增加趋势的县（市）为东疆产棉区的吐鲁番高昌区、南疆产棉区的新和县、麦盖提县、温宿县、莎车县、疏勒县、第三师图木舒克市（小海子垦区）；断裂比强度年均增加0.21—0.40 cN/tex，主要集中在南疆产棉区的新和县、温宿县和第三师图木舒克市（小海子垦区）。原棉综合品质较好的区域主要集中在北疆产棉区的玛纳斯县、第六师五家渠市（五家渠垦区）、第八师石河子市（下野地垦区、安集海垦区、石河子垦区、莫索湾垦区）和南疆产棉区的温宿县、阿瓦提县，其原棉长度在28.6—29.0 mm、断裂比强度在28.4—29.9 cN/tex。【结论】新疆原棉品质具有区域性差异，主要受>35 ℃持续天数的影响；品种更替和轻简化、规范化栽培是提升棉花质量和保障优质原棉有效供给的重要途径。

关键词: 纤维品质, 生态区, 高品质棉, 综合评价, 高温

Abstract:

【Objective】 Xinjiang cotton-growing area has the resource conditions for the formation of different cotton fibers quality types, due to its large spanning range, diverse climate and ecological types. It can provide theoretical bases for cotton-using enterprises to select multi-type, multi-grade and high-quality special cotton and optimize the cotton dominant production area, by studying the regional differences and distribution patterns and clarifying the climatic factors which affect the distribution of raw cotton quality in Xinjiang. 【Method】 Based on the quality certification inspection data of Chinese cotton from 2016 to 2020, the dataset encompassed fiber length, strength, Micronaire, and uniformity. The weighted average method was employed for analyzing the raw cotton quality across different cotton planting regions in Xinjiang. The linear trend slope method was utilized to determine the interannual variation trend of raw cotton quality in each individual county or city involved in cotton cultivation. Subsequently, a comprehensive evaluation of Xinjiang’s raw cotton quality was conducted based on the respective weights assigned to each index.【Result】The fiber length and strength of the northern region were significantly higher than those of the southern and eastern regions by 0.24-0.31 mm and 0.62-1.17 cN/tex. The quality of raw cotton in the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps was noticeably superior to that of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and the fiber length and strength of raw cotton increased by 0.22 mm and 0.44 cN/tex, respectively. The fiber length ranging from 28.9 to 29.0 mm was predominantly concentrated in Huyanghe City of the Seventh Division (Chepaizi Reclamation Area), Shihezi City of the Eighth Division (Xiayedi Reclamation Area), and Beitun City of the Tenth Division (184 Corp) within the cotton producing region of northern Xinjiang. The strength in the northern region exhibited superior performance, with the strength between 28.4 and 29.9 cN/tex, while it was comparatively lower in the southern region. Micronaire A showed significant concentration in Wujiaqu City of the Sixth Division (Wujiaqu Reclamation Area), Beitun City of the Tenth Division (184 Corp), and Changji City within the cotton producing area of northern Xinjiang. The high-quality regions exhibited a consistent year-on-year growth trend, with fiber length increasing by 0.01-0.07 mm annually. The regions demonstrating this upward trend included Turfan Gaochang District in the eastern region of Xinjiang, Xinhe County, Magaiti County, Wensu County, Shache County, Shule County in the southern region of Xinjiang, and the Third Division of Tulushuk city (Xiaohaizi Reclamation Area). An average annual increase of fracture-specific strength ranging from 0.21 to 0.40 cN/tex primarily concentrated in Xinhe County, Wensu County and Tumushuk City of the Third Division (Xiaohaizi Reclamation Area) within the cotton-producing zone of Southern Xinjiang. Regions with better overall raw cotton quality were primarily concentrated in Manas County in Northern Xinjiang, Wujiaqu City in the Sixth Division (Wujiaqu Reclamation Area), Shihezi City in the Eighth Division (Xiayedi Reclamation Area, Anjihai Reclamation Area, Shihezi Reclamation Area, Mosuowan Reclamation Area), and Wensu County and Awati County in Southern Xinjiang, with fiber lengths ranging from 28.6 to 29.0 mm and strength from 28.4 to 29.9 cN/tex.【Conclusion】The quality of raw cotton in Xinjiang exhibited regional variations, which were influenced by the duration of days with temperatures over 35 ℃. Variety renewal and simplified cultivation were important ways to improve cotton quality and ensure the effective supply of high-quality raw cotton.

Key words: fiber quality, ecological region, fine fiber, comprehensive evaluation, high temperature

李培松, 陆永迪, 郭郁, 张启鹏, 刘韬奋, 王天合, 杨明凤, 向导, 田景山, 张旺锋. 基于棉花公证检验数据的新疆原棉品质区域分布规律[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(1): 58-74.

LI PeiSong, LU YongDi, GUO Yu, ZHANG QiPeng, LIU TaoFen, WANG TianHe, YANG MingFeng, XIANG Dao, TIAN JingShan, ZHANG WangFeng. The Regional Distribution of Raw Cotton Quality in Xinjiang Based on Notarized Inspection Data for Cotton[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(1): 58-74.

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图/表 15

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表2

新疆生产建设兵团主要植棉师市的棉花生产基本情况"

区域 Region	师市 Division cities	垦区 Reclamation area	经度 Longitude (°)	纬度 Latitude (°)	播种面积 Sown area (×10⁴ hm²)	公检原棉包数（×10⁴） Public inspection of raw cotton bales	公检原棉吨数 Tonnage of raw cotton for public inspection (×10⁴ t)	辖区内的主要植棉团场 The main cotton growing farms in the jurisdiction
北疆兵团 Northern XPCC	第八师石河子市 Eighth Division Shihezi City	安集海垦区 Anjihai reclamation area	85.35	44.36	5.00	34.39	7.77	141团、142团、144团 141 Corp, 142 Corp, 144 Corp
		莫索湾垦区 Mosuowan reclamation area	86.40	44.79	5.53	51.78	11.71	147团—150团 147—150 Corps
		石河子垦区 Shihezi reclamation area	86.01	44.31	3.46	32.78	7.42	143团、145团、石河子市 143 Corp, 145 Corp, Shihezi city
		下野地垦区 Xiayedi reclamation area	85.48	44.69	7.40	75.77	17.14	121团、132团—134团、136团 121 Corp, 132—134 Corps, 136 Corps
	第七师胡杨河市 Seventh Division Huyanghe City	车排子垦区 Chepaizi reclamation area	84.50	44.98	9.55	74.19	16.69	123团、125团—130团 123 Corp, 125—130 Corps
	第六师五家渠市 Sixth Division Wujiaqu City	芳新垦区 Fangxin reclamation area	86.67	44.55	9.25	43.19	9.74	105团、106团、芳草湖总场、新湖总场 105 Corp, 106 Corp, Fangcaohu Farm, Xinhu Farm
	第六师五家渠市 Sixth Division Wujiaqu City	五家渠垦区 Wujiaqu reclamation area	87.53	44.17	3.81	12.08	2.67	102团、103团、五家渠市 102 Corp, 103 Corp, Wujiaqu City
	第五师双河市 Fifth Division Shuanghe city	博乐垦区 Bole reclamation area	82.07	44.89	4.21	40.40	9.16	81团—86团、89团、90团 81—86 Corps, 89 Corp, 90 Corp
	第十师北屯市 Tenth Division Beitun City	北屯市 Beitun City	86.35	46.28	0.65	3.55	0.80	184团 184 Corp
南疆兵团 Southern XPCC	第一师阿拉尔市 First division Arar city	阿拉尔垦区 Arar reclamation area	81.29	40.54	7.15	81.71	18.48	6团—14团、16团 6—14 Corps, 16 Corp
	第一师阿拉尔市 First division Arar city	沙井子垦区 Shajingzi reclamation area	79.89	40.68	3.03	32.58	7.52	1团—3团 1—3 Corps
	第二师铁门关市 Second Division Tiemenguan City	库尔勒垦区 Korla reclamation area	85.69	41.87	2.00	15.12	3.44	28团—30团 28—30 Corps
	第二师铁门关市 Second Division Tiemenguan City	塔里木垦区 Tarim reclamation area	87.19	40.83	2.57	37.01	8.31	31团、33团、34团 31 Corp, 33 Corp, 34 Corp
	第三师图木舒克市 Third Division Tumusuke city	小海子垦区 Xiaohaizi reclamation area	79.51	39.93	4.00	34.59	7.57	44团、49团—53团 44 Corp, 49—53 Corps
东疆兵团 Eastern XPCC	第十三师新星市 Thirteenth Xinxing city	新星市 Xinxing city	92.51	42.89	1.40	0.19	0.43	黄山农场、红星二场、红星一场、红星三场、红星四场、火箭农场、红山农场 Huangshan Farm, the Hongxing Ⅱ Farm, the Hongxing Ⅰ Farm, the Hongxing Ⅲ Farm, the Hongxing Ⅳ Farm, Huojian Farm, Hongshan Farm

表2

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区域 Region	县（市） County (City)	经度 Longitude (°)	纬度 Latitude (°)	播种面积 Sown area (×10⁴ hm²)	公检原棉包数 Public inspection of raw cotton bales (×10⁴)	公检原棉吨数 Tonnage of raw cotton for public inspection (×10⁴ t)
北疆地方 Northern XUAR	昌吉市 Changji City	87.27	44.01	2.47	27.57	6.20
	玛纳斯县 Manas County	86.21	44.30	4.62	39.32	8.87
	呼图壁县 Hutubi County	86.90	44.19	3.94	27.15	6.12
	沙湾市 Shawan City	85.62	44.33	10.91	41.47	9.03
	乌苏市 Wusu City	84.71	44.42	10.34	70.15	15.81
	精河县 Jinghe County	82.89	44.60	6.29	44.29	10.03
	博乐市 Bole City	82.05	44.85	3.12	19.49	4.41
南疆地方 Southern XUAR	阿克苏市 Aksu City	80.26	41.17	6.40	89.24	20.29
	阿瓦提县 Awati County	80.38	40.64	9.65	35.16	7.98
	库车市 Kuche City	82.96	41.72	11.09	78.44	17.78
	新和县 Xinhe Country	82.61	41.55	6.46	43.19	9.78
	沙雅县 Shaya County	82.78	41.22	11.79	54.04	12.21
	温宿县 Wunsu County	80.24	41.28	3.65	18.12	4.12
	巴楚县 Bachu County	78.55	39.80	7.37	56.89	12.92
	伽师县 Jiashi County	76.72	39.49	8.82	32.62	7.38
	麦盖提县 Maigaiti County	77.61	38.90	4.69	26.76	6.03
	莎车县 Shache County	77.25	38.41	6.09	21.82	4.93
	疏勒县 Shule County	76.05	39.40	4.78	7.82	1.76
	岳普湖县 Yuepuhu County	76.78	39.23	4.62	37.86	8.54
	库尔勒市 Korla City	86.18	41.73	7.07	37.53	8.49
	尉犁县 Yuli County	86.26	41.34	7.16	45.31	10.23
	轮台县 Luntai County	84.25	41.78	5.79	39.62	8.95
东疆地方 Eastern XUAR	吐鲁番 Turpan City	89.19	42.94	0.17	25.13	0.57
东疆地方 Eastern XUAR	哈密市 Hami City	93.51	42.83	3.10	19.67	4.42

生态区 Ecotope	纤维长度 Upper half mean length (mm)	断裂比强度 Strength (cN/tex)	马克隆值 Micronaire	长度整齐度 Length uniformity (%)	Q-score
Ⅰ	28.8a	28.8a	4.41ab	82.7a	0.63—0.78
Ⅱ	28.6b	28.3b	4.38b	82.5ab	0.47—0.62
Ⅲ	28.3c	27.7c	4.48ab	82.3bc	0.31—0.46
Ⅳ	28.1d	27.4c	4.54a	82.0c	0.14—0.30

指标 Factor	纤维长度 Upper half mean length (mm)	断裂比强度 Strength (cN/tex)	马克隆值 Micronaire	长度整齐度 Length uniformlty (%)
最高气温 Maximum temperature	0.4270**	0.3589*	-0.1379	0.02027
最低气温 Minimum temperature	0.4123**	0.1051	-0.3248*	0.07152
≥15 ℃有效积温 GDD₁₅	0.4346**	0.2062	-0.2454	0.09004
>35 ℃天数 The number of days >35 ℃	0.5753**	0.3958**	-0.4133*	0.2929
日照时数 Sunshine duration	0.09198	0.1189	-0.08005	0.1434