有机物料对土壤微生物量的影响及其酸度调节机理

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.04.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探究长期施用有机物料对土壤pH、微生物量和微生物熵的影响，为耕地质量提升提供科学依据。【方法】基于meta分析方法，整合全球224篇文献的1 296组数据，综合分析有机物料施用措施（类型、施用量和施用年限）、气候（年均温、降水量）、土壤初始性质（pH、有机碳含量）条件下，土壤pH和微生物量碳（MBC）、氮（MBN）含量和微生物熵碳（qMBC）、氮（qMBN）的差异。【结果】有机物料施用后，土壤pH显著提高了0.23个单位，增加了4.0%，MBC、MBN、qMBC和qMBN分别增加46.8%、54.0%、16.4%和14.9%。相比与化肥配施，单施有机物料土壤pH、MBC、MBN、qMBC和qMBN分别提高5.9%、53.4%、13.2%、79.9%和38.2%。粪肥施用量>10 t∙hm^-2∙a^-1，且施用年限超过10年，土壤pH提高的效果最佳；而施肥量>40 t∙hm^-2∙a^-1，且需要施用年限为3—10年，土壤微生物量指标显著提高。年均温>16 ℃，且年降水>1 200 mm的气候条件下，施用有机物料后土壤pH提高效果更好，特别是在初始土壤pH4.5—5.5，且有机碳（SOC）含量>12 g∙kg^-1的土壤；而年均温8—16 ℃、年降水<600 mm的气候条件下，施用有机物料对SOC含量≤12 g∙kg^-1的弱碱性土壤（pH>7.5）的MBC、MBN、qMBC和qMBN提高效果更佳。随机森林模型表明，施用有机物料对土壤pH、MBC、MBN与微生物熵的影响，分别受土壤初始pH、SOC、有机物料施用措施、气候条件的影响。偏最小二乘路径模型进一步证明，有机物料施用措施、气候条件及初始土壤性质，通过调控pH来影响微生物量及微生物熵。【结论】施用有机物料对初始有机质含量较高（>12 g∙kg^-1）的酸性（pH≤5.5）土壤pH提高的效果最佳，而微生物量碳、氮及微生物熵碳的提高效果以有机质含量低的碱性土壤（SOC≤12 g∙kg^-1、初始pH>7.5）更为显著。有机物料对土壤pH，微生物量碳、氮，微生物熵碳、氮的调控效应分别主要受土壤初始性质、有机物料施用措施和气候条件的影响。

关键词: 有机物料, 土壤pH, 微生物量, 微生物熵, meta分析

Abstract:

【Objective】This study explored the effects of the application of organic materials on soil pH, microbial biomass and microbial entropy, so as to provide a scientific basis for the improvement of arable land quality.【Method】Based on the meta-analysis, 1 296 sets of data from 224 literatures around the world were integrated to comprehensively analyze the differences in soil pH, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), nitrogen (MBN), microbial entropy carbon (qMBC), and nitrogen (qMBN) under the conditions of organic material application measures (type, application amount, and application years), climate factors (annual average temperature, precipitation), and initial soil properties (pH value, organic carbon content).【Result】After the application of organic materials, the soil pH value increased significantly by 0.23 units, increased by 4.0%, while MBC, MBN, qMBC and qMBN increased by 46.8%, 54.0%, 16.4% and 14.9%, respectively. Compared with chemical fertilizer, soil pH, MBC, MBN, qMBC and qMBN increased by 5.9%, 53.4%, 13.2%, 79.9% and 38.2%, respectively. The effect of increasing soil pH was the best when the amount of manure application was more than 10 t∙hm^-2∙a^-1 and the application period exceeded 10 years; however, the soil microbial biomass index could be significantly improved when the amount of fertilizer was more than 40 t∙hm^-2∙a^-1 and the application period was 3-10 years. Under the climate conditions of annual average temperature >16 ℃ and annual precipitation >1 200 mm, the effect of applying organic materials on improving soil pH was better, especially in soils with initial soil pH value of 4.5-5.5 and organic carbon content (SOC) >12 g∙kg^-1; however, under the climate conditions of 8-16 ℃ annual average temperature and annual precipitation <600 mm, the application of organic materials had better effect on the improvement of MBC, MBN, qMBC and qMBN in weakly alkaline soil (pH>7.5) with SOC≤12 g∙kg^-1. The random forest model showed that the effects of applying organic materials on soil pH, MBC, MBN and microbial entropy were affected by soil initial pH and SOC, application measures of organic materials and climate conditions, respectively. The partial least squares path model further proved that the application measures of organic materials, climate conditions and initial soil properties affect microbial biomass and microbial entropy by adjusting pH value.【Co nclusion】Organic materials most effectively elevated soil pH in acidic with high-SOC soils (pH≤5.5, SOC>12 g∙kg^-1), which enhanced microbial biomass and microbial quotients in alkaline with low-SOC soils (pH>7.5, SOC≤12 g∙kg^-1). The regulation of soil pH, microbial carbon and nitrogen, and microbial quotients was primarily controlled by initial soil properties, organic material application measures, and climatic conditions.

Key words: organic materials, soil pH, soil microbial biomass, soil microbial quotient, meta-analysis

温玉斌, 白珊珊, 蔡泽江, 孙楠, 徐明岗. 有机物料对土壤微生物量的影响及其酸度调节机理[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(4): 834-849.

WEN YuBin, BAI ShanShan, CAI ZeJiang, SUN Nan, XU MingGang. Effects of Organic Materials on Soil Microbial Biomass and Its Acidity Regulation Mechanism[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(4): 834-849.

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