有机无机肥配施调控红壤稻田土壤肥力、生态化学计量特征及产量

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.23.011

中国农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (23): 4952-4966.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.23.011

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

有机无机肥配施调控红壤稻田土壤肥力、生态化学计量特征及产量

陈均权¹(), 马驰远², 胡鑫¹, 李朵¹, 郭艳琦¹, 刘灿¹, 周凯¹, 郑太辉¹^,^*()

¹ 江西农业大学国土资源与环境学院/农业农村部鄱阳湖流域农业资源与生态重点实验室，南昌 330045
² 南昌海关技术中心，南昌 330038

收稿日期:2024-11-05 接受日期:2024-12-30 出版日期:2025-12-01 发布日期:2025-12-09
通信作者:
郑太辉，E-mail：ztaihui@163.com
联系方式: 陈均权，E-mail：jqchengd@163.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(42167047); 赣鄱俊才经费-高校领军青年项目(QN2023017); 2022年度井冈山农高区省级科技专项“揭榜挂帅子课题(20222-051261-2-4); 江西省农业关键核心技术攻关子课题(JXNK202307-01-02)

Effects of Incorporation of Inorganic-Organic Fertilizers on Soil Fertility, Ecological Stoichiometric Characteristics, and Yields of Rice Cropping System in the Red Soil Region of China

CHEN JunQuan¹(), MA ChiYuan², HU Xin¹, LI Duo¹, GUO YanQi¹, LIU Can¹, ZHOU Kai¹, ZHENG TaiHui¹^,^*()

¹ College of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Ecology in Poyang Lake Watershed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanchang 330045
² Technology Center of Nanchang Customs District, Nanchang 330038

Received:2024-11-05 Accepted:2024-12-30 Published:2025-12-01 Online:2025-12-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 分析有机肥与化肥不同配比施用对土壤肥力和水稻产量的影响，旨在为红壤稻田土壤改良及可持续管理提供科学指导。【方法】 采用田间定位试验，于 2021—2023 年，在江西省上高县的绿色种养循环农业示范区内实施。试验设置 7 个处理：不施肥（CK），常规单施化肥（CF），化肥优化施用（COF），腐熟猪粪替代 15%、30% 化学氮肥（OFN15、OFN30）和替代 30%、60% 化学磷肥（OFP30、OFP60）。通过系统分析，评估各处理对土壤pH、碳组分含量、氮磷钾养分状况、生态化学计量特征、土壤综合肥力及水稻产量的影响。【结果】 与 CF 相比，采用有机肥部分替代化肥的处理显著提高了土壤的速效钾含量，增幅达10.8%—34.2%；同时土壤pH也有所提高，增加了 0.19—0.30 个单位，有机碳含量增加了1.7%—11.6%。不同比例有机肥替代对土壤养分的提高效果差异显著，其中OFN30处理在增加土壤氮、磷、钾和碳含量方面表现最为突出。相对于CF处理，OFN15 和 OFP60 处理的水稻产量显著下降了7.3% 和 10.6%，而 OFN30 和 OFP30 处理的水稻产量则没有显著差异。利用内梅罗指数法对7个处理进行了综合肥力评价，得出的内梅罗指数（IFI）从高到低依次为OFN15（1.407）、OFN30（1.391）、OFP60（1.379）、OFP30（1.356）、COF（1.354）、CF（1.341）和 CK（1.309）。尽管无机肥的施用对水稻产量的直接影响更为显著，但偏最小二乘结构方程模型（PLS-SEM）的分析显示，在改善土壤化学性质方面，有机肥的效果优于无机肥，并且对提高水稻产量产生了显著的正效应。特别是，以有机肥替代化学氮肥，显著提高了稻田土壤的全氮、有机碳和有效氮的含量。【结论】 施用有机肥对于提高红壤稻田土壤的碳、氮、磷、钾生态化学计量学特征及其综合肥力具有显著的正向影响。将有机肥替代化学氮肥的比例控制在30%左右（基于氮含量计算），可以在短期内达到土壤肥力与水稻产量的最佳平衡状态。

关键词: 有机肥替代, 红壤, 水稻, 生态化学计量特征, 产量, 综合肥力评价

Abstract:

【Objective】 Long-term reliance on chemical fertilizers in red soil paddy fields has caused a decline in soil fertility and nutrient imbalances, leading to unstable rice yields. This study evaluated the effects of combining organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers at different ratios on soil fertility and rice yields. The findings aim to provide scientific guidance for improving soil quality and promoting sustainable management of red soil paddy fields. 【Method】 A field experiment was conducted in the Green Breeding and Recycling Agricultural Demonstration Area, Shanggao County, Jiangxi Province, from 2021 to 2023. Seven treatments were implemented: no fertilization (CK), conventional chemical fertilizers alone (CF), optimized chemical fertilizers (COF), and partial replacement of chemical nitrogen fertilizers with 15% or 30% fermented pig manure organic fertilizers (OFN15, OFN30), and replacement with 30% or 60% of chemical phosphorus fertilizers with organic fertilizers (OFP30, OFP60). The study systematically analyzed the effects of these treatments on soil pH, carbon content, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrient levels, ecological stoichiometric characteristics, comprehensive soil fertility and rice yields. 【Result】 Treatments involving partial replacement of chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers significantly increased the available potassium content in the soil by 10.8%-34.2% compared to CF treatments. Soil pH also increased by 0.19-0.30 units, while organic carbon content rose by 1.7%-11.6%. The effects of different organic fertilizer replacement proportions on soil nutrient improvement varied significantly, indicating the importance of determining the optimal proportion for soil enhancement. Among these treatments, the OFN30 treatment showed the greatest enhancement in soil nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and carbon content. Compared to CF, the OFN15 and OFP60 treatments reduced rice yields by 7.3% and 10.6%, respectively, while the OFN30 and OFP30 treatments showed no significant yield differences. A comprehensive soil fertility evaluation using the Nemero index (IFI) method ranked the seven soil treatments from highest to lowest as follows: OFN15 (1.407), OFN30 (1.391), OFP60 (1.379), OFP30 (1.356), COF (1.354), CF (1.341) and CK (1.309). While inorganic fertilizers had a more significant impact on rice yields, analysis using the partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) revealed that organic fertilizers were more effective in improving soil chemical properties. Furthermore, organic fertilizers had a significant positive impact on rice yield. Specifically, replacing chemical nitrogen fertilizers with organic fertilizers notably increased the levels of total nitrogen, organic carbon, and available nitrogen in paddy soil. 【Conclusion】 Based on a comprehensive evaluation of rice yields and improvements in soil physical and chemical properties, this study found that the application of organic fertilizers significantly enhanced the ecological stoichiometric characteristics of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, as well as the overall fertility of red soil paddy fields under the experimental conditions. By maintaining the replacement ratio of organic fertilizers to chemical nitrogen fertilizers at about 30% (calculated based on nitrogen contents), an optimal balance between soil fertility and rice yield can be achieved in the short term. These findings provide important scientific evidence and practical guidance for the sustainable management and fertility improvement of red soil paddy fields.

Key words: organic fertilizer replacement, red soil, rice, ecological stoichiometric characteristics, yield, comprehensive fertility assessment

陈均权, 马驰远, 胡鑫, 李朵, 郭艳琦, 刘灿, 周凯, 郑太辉. 有机无机肥配施调控红壤稻田土壤肥力、生态化学计量特征及产量[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(23): 4952-4966.

CHEN JunQuan, MA ChiYuan, HU Xin, LI Duo, GUO YanQi, LIU Can, ZHOU Kai, ZHENG TaiHui. Effects of Incorporation of Inorganic-Organic Fertilizers on Soil Fertility, Ecological Stoichiometric Characteristics, and Yields of Rice Cropping System in the Red Soil Region of China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(23): 4952-4966.

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处理 Treatment	复合肥 Compound fertilizer	尿素 Urea (N)	过磷酸钙 SSP (P₂O₅)	氯化钾 KCl (K₂O)	腐熟猪粪有机肥 Decomposed pig manure organic fertilizer
CK	0	0	0	0	0
CF	420	233	307	147	0
COF	504	280	367	177	0
OFN15	357	198	167	90	1534
OFN30	290	165	33	33	3068
OFP30	290	215	220	100	1668
OFP60	127	207	183	60	3335

分级 Grade	pH	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg^-1)	全磷 Total phosphorus (g·kg^-1)	全钾 Total potassium (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮Alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷 Available phosphorus (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available potassium (mg·kg^-1)
Xa	4.5	10	0.75	0.4	5	30	3	40
Xc	6.5	20	1.50	0.6	20	90	10	100
Xp	8.5	30	2.00	1.0	25	150	20	150

处理 Treatment	全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg^-1)	全磷 Total phosphorus (g·kg^-1)	全钾 Total potassium (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮 Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷 Available phosphorus (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available potassium (mg·kg^-1)
CK	1.97±0.09a	0.81±0.07b	24.52±0.44a	131.33±9.45b	36.23±5.13b	39.67±4.16b
CF	2.07±0.06a	0.91±0.04a	24.32±0.35a	132.00±12.49b	46.97±4.98a	52.67±2.52ab
COF	2.12±0.03a	0.90±0.04a	24.27±0.33a	138.33±8.50b	45.30±2.95a	57.33±10.07ab
OFN15	2.13±0.01a	0.94±0.04a	24.24±0.57a	165.33±22.19a	46.33±5.36a	70.67±16.01a
OFN30	2.15±0.09a	0.96±0.05a	24.69±0.39a	136.67±8.08b	45.97±4.58a	64.00±21.28ab
OFP30	2.05±0.03a	0.88±0.06ab	24.23±0.22a	136.67±14.50b	41.07±3.76ab	58.33±17.62ab
OFP60	2.13±0.09a	0.91±0.04a	24.00±0.45a	150.33±8.74ab	45.70±2.79a	59.67±9.29ab

处理Treatment	C/N	C/P	C/K	N/P	N/K	P/K
CK	8.316±0.294a	20.295±2.758a	0.669±0.051b	2.444±0.361a	0.081±0.008a	0.036±0.002b
CF	8.421±0.251a	19.117±0.811a	0.716±0.018ab	2.273±0.166a	0.085±0.003a	0.037±0.002a
COF	8.328±0.089a	19.521±0.576a	0.726±0.015ab	2.345±0.091a	0.087±0.001a	0.038±0.002ab
OFN15	8.563±0.103a	19.481±0.633a	0.754±0.009a	2.275±0.070a	0.088±0.001a	0.040±0.001a
OFN30	8.531±0.167a	19.173±2.035a	0.744±0.053a	2.251±0.277a	0.087±0.008a	0.041±0.001a
OFP30	8.523±0.317a	19.871±1.463a	0.721±0.012ab	2.330±0.095a	0.085±0.002a	0.039±0.002ab
OFP60	8.635±0.373a	20.199±0.987a	0.764±0.033a	2.343±0.168a	0.089±0.007a	0.038±0.001a

处理 Treatment	早稻产量 Early rice yield (t·hm^-2)	晚稻产量 Late rice yield (t·hm^-2)	总产量 Total yield (t·hm^-2)
CK	4.41±0.45b	6.18±0.79b	10.59±0.36b
CF	9.57±0.75a	9.71±0.96a	19.28±1.62a
COF	9.87±1.58a	10.18±1.05a	20.05±2.53a
OFN15	8.94±1.41a	8.93±0.79a	17.86±2.18a
OFN30	9.50±0.48a	9.63±1.01a	19.12±0.63a
OFP30	9.24±0.50a	9.85±0.95a	19.09±1.18a
OFP60	8.37±0.76a	8.87±0.67a	17.28±1.30a

有机无机肥配施调控红壤稻田土壤肥力、生态化学计量特征及产量

Effects of Incorporation of Inorganic-Organic Fertilizers on Soil Fertility, Ecological Stoichiometric Characteristics, and Yields of Rice Cropping System in the Red Soil Region of China

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处理 Treatment	内梅罗指数 Nemerow index, IFI	排序 Rank
CK	1.309	7
CF	1.341	6
COF	1.354	5
OFN15	1.407	1
OFN30	1.391	2
OFP30	1.356	4
OFP60	1.379	3

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