宽窄行与增密对绿洲灌区玉米光合特性及资源利用的协同效应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.02.005

中国农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (2): 278-291.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.02.005

• 耕作栽培·生理生化·农业信息技术 • 上一篇下一篇

宽窄行与增密对绿洲灌区玉米光合特性及资源利用的协同效应

陈桂平¹(), 韦金贵¹, 郭瑶², 李盼¹, 王菲儿¹, 仇海龙¹, 冯福学³, 殷文¹()

¹ 甘肃农业大学农学院/干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室，兰州 730070
² 西北师范大学生命科学学院，兰州 730070
³ 甘肃农业大学水利水电工程学院，兰州 730070

收稿日期:2025-06-15 接受日期:2025-11-28 出版日期:2026-01-16 发布日期:2026-01-22
通信作者:
殷文，E-mail：yinwen@gsau.edu.cn
联系方式: 陈桂平，E-mail：chengp@gsau.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32372238); 国家自然科学基金(32460547); 甘肃省科技计划(25JRRA347); 甘肃省科技计划(24ZDNA008); 甘肃省科技计划(23JRRA1407); 高校青年教师科研创新能力支持项目(SRICSPYF-BS2025119); 甘肃省青年博士基金(2024QB-008); 甘肃省青年科技攻关“揭榜挂帅”项目(GQK2024030)

Synergistic Effects of Wide-Narrow Row and Density Enhancement on the Photosynthetic Characteristics and Resource Utilization of Maize in Oasis Irrigation Areas

CHEN GuiPing¹(), WEI JinGui¹, GUO Yao², LI Pan¹, WANG FeiEr¹, QIU HaiLong¹, FENG FuXue³, YIN Wen¹()

¹ College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070
² College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070
³ College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070

Received:2025-06-15 Accepted:2025-11-28 Published:2026-01-16 Online:2026-01-22

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 针对西北绿洲灌区等行距种植玉米增产潜力有限、资源利用效率不高和经济效益提升困难等普遍性科学问题，探讨宽窄行种植模式对玉米耐密性提升及其增产潜力的影响。【方法】 试验开始于2017年，于2019―2021年进行数据采集，采用裂区设计。主区设3个宽窄行行距水平，宽窄行比例为7﹕3（L1，宽行56 cm﹕窄行24 cm）、6﹕4（L2，宽行48 cm﹕窄行32 cm）和5﹕5（L3，宽行40 cm﹕窄行40 cm）；裂区对应4个玉米种植密度，分别为8.25万株/hm²（D1，当地传统种植密度）、9.00万株/hm²（D2，增密9.1%）、9.75万株/hm²（D3，增密18.2%）和10.50万株/hm²（D4，增密27.3%），探讨不同行距种植结合增密对玉米光合特性、产量、资源利用效率、土壤氮素含量和经济效益的影响。【结果】 河西绿洲灌区玉米宽窄行种植和增密均提升了玉米光合特征、产量和资源利用效率。与等行距相比，宽窄行比例为7﹕3的处理分别平均提高玉米叶面积指数、大喇叭口期光截获分数、籽粒产量、光能利用效率、水分利用效率和氮素利用效率9.7%、7.1%、8.8%、8.2%、12.7%和14.1%；增密9.1%和增密18.2%的处理较当地传统种植密度的叶面积指数、大喇叭口期光截获分数、籽粒产量、光能利用效率、水分利用效率分别提高平均11.4%和15.7%、7.4%和10.1%、9.6%和11.3%、4.0%和6.1%、10.2%和20.5%。宽窄行比例为7﹕3结合增密18.2%对玉米的综合效应提升潜力大，较等行距当地传统种植密度分别提高玉米平均叶面积指数28.4%，提升大喇叭口期和灌浆期光截获分数22.0%和17.1%；分别增加玉米籽粒产量、生物量和收获指数22.2%、13.1%和8.0%；分别提高光能、水分和氮素利用效率13.5%、39.6%和24.0%；分别降低土壤全氮、铵态氮和硝态氮含量11.2%、18.0%和16.8%。此外，与等行距传统种植密度相比，宽窄行比例为7﹕3结合增密18.2%的处理提高了玉米净收益和产投比50.1%和23.3%。【结论】 宽窄行比例为7﹕3的种植模式通过改善光合特征、产量、资源利用效率及土壤氮素供给，进而增强了玉米耐密性，实现玉米综合效应提升。

关键词: 宽窄行种植, 种植密度, 玉米增产, 资源利用效率, 光合特征, 土壤氮素供给

Abstract:

【Objective】 To address the scientific challenges of limited yield potential, inefficient resource use efficiency, and constrained economic benefits in equidistant maize planting in the Northwest oasis irrigation zones of China, this study investigated the effects of wide-narrow row planting patterns on maize density tolerance and yield potential. 【Method】 This experiment began in 2017 and the data were collected from 2019 to 2021, using a split-plot design. The main plot treatments comprised three line spacing configurations characterized by alternating wide-narrow line spacing: L1 (7:3 ratio, 56 cm wide line spacing: 24 cm narrow line spacing), L2 (6:4 ratio, 48 cm wide line spacing: 32 cm narrow line spacing), and L3 (5:5 ratio: 40 cm wide line spacing, 40 cm narrow line spacing). The split-plot treatments were four maize planting densities: D1 (8.25×10⁴ plants/hm², local conventional planting density), D2 (9.00×10⁴ plants/hm², increased density by 9.1%), D3 (9.75×10⁴ plants/hm², increased density by 18.2%), and D4 (10.50×10⁴ plants/hm², increased density by 27.3%). The effects of these spacing arrangements under increasing planting density on maize photosynthetic characteristics, yield, resource utilization, soil nitrogen content, and economic benefits were investigated. 【Result】 Both wide-narrow line spacing planting and increased maize planting density enhanced photosynthetic characteristics, yield, and resource utilization efficiency of maize in the Hexi Oasis Irrigation District. Compared with wide-narrow line spacing ratio of 5:5 treatment, wide-narrow line spacing ratio of 7:3 treatment increased maize average leaf area index, light interception score at the big flare stage, grain yield, light use efficiency, water use efficiency, and nitrogen use efficiency by 9.7%, 7.1%, 8.8%, 8.2%, 12.7%, and 14.1%, respectively. Increased density by 9.1% and 18.2% treatments increased maize average leaf area index by 11.4% and 15.7%, light interception score at the big flare stage by 7.4% and 10.1%, grain yield by 9.6% and 11.3%, light use efficiency by 4.0% and 6.1%, and water use efficiency by 10.2% and 20.5% than that with local traditional planting density, respectively. Wide-narrow line spacing ratio of 7:3 with an 18.2% density increase demonstrated significant potential for comprehensive improvement. Compared with wide-narrow line spacing ratio of 5:5 and traditional planting density, wide-narrow line spacing ratio of 7:3 and increased density by 18.2% increased average leaf area index by 28.4%, enhanced light interception score at big flare and grain filling stages by 22.0% and 17.1%, respectively, and raised grain yield, biomass, and harvest index by 22.2%, 13.1%, and 8.0%, respectively. Wide-narrow line spacing ratio of 7:3 and increased density by 18.2% also improved average leaf area index, water use efficiency, and nitrogen use efficiency by 13.5%, 39.6%, and 24.0%, respectively, while reducing soil total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen contents by 11.2%, 18.0%, and 16.8% compared with wide-narrow line spacing ratio of 5:5 and traditional planting density, respectively. Additionally, wide-narrow line spacing ratio of 7:3 and increased density by 18.2% treatment increased net profit and the ratio of benefit and cost by 50.1% and 23.3%, compared with wide-narrow line spacing ratio of 5:5 and traditional planting density, respectively. 【Conclusion】 The wide-narrow line spacing ratio cropping pattern of 7:3 enhanced the comprehensive effects of densely planted maize by improving photosynthetic characteristics, resource use efficiency, and soil nitrogen supply.

Key words: wide-narrow line spacing planting, planting density, maize yield increase, resource use efficiency, photosynthetic characteristics, soil nitrogen supply

陈桂平, 韦金贵, 郭瑶, 李盼, 王菲儿, 仇海龙, 冯福学, 殷文. 宽窄行与增密对绿洲灌区玉米光合特性及资源利用的协同效应[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(2): 278-291.

CHEN GuiPing, WEI JinGui, GUO Yao, LI Pan, WANG FeiEr, QIU HaiLong, FENG FuXue, YIN Wen. Synergistic Effects of Wide-Narrow Row and Density Enhancement on the Photosynthetic Characteristics and Resource Utilization of Maize in Oasis Irrigation Areas[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(2): 278-291.

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行距 Line spacing	种植密度 Planting density	籽粒产量 Grain yield (kg·hm^-2)			生物量 Biomass (kg·hm^-2)			收获指数 Harvest index
行距 Line spacing	种植密度 Planting density	2019	2020	2021	2019	2020	2021	2019	2020	2021
L1	D1	14300d	13179e	14426d	34449c	35579b	35847b	0.416c	0.370e	0.404e
	D2	15031bc	14886ab	15706b	36162b	35726b	35944b	0.417c	0.417b	0.437b
	D3	16198a	15150a	16458a	37163a	35965b	37398a	0.436ab	0.421ab	0.440a
	D4	13744e	14226c	14684d	37009a	36262a	36636ab	0.371e	0.393d	0.401e
L2	D1	13143f	13641d	14061e	32009e	32010d	32010e	0.411c	0.428a	0.441b
	D2	14473cd	14589b	15257bc	34597c	33871c	34734c	0.419c	0.431a	0.440a
	D3	15392b	14665b	15780b	36040b	36146a	35507b	0.427b	0.406c	0.445a
	D4	14036d	13450d	14430d	34610c	35011b	34810c	0.406d	0.385d	0.415cd
L3	D1	12072g	13588d	13471f	30873f	33291c	33582d	0.391de	0.408c	0.402e
	D2	14759c	13833cd	15011c	32667e	33338c	33836d	0.452a	0.417b	0.444a
	D3	13852e	13661d	14444d	33201d	31790e	34162c	0.418c	0.432a	0.423c
	D4	12423g	13055e	13376f	33251d	36123a	34687c	0.406d	0.385d	0.415cd
显著性 Significance (P)
行距 Line spacing (L)		0	0	0	0	0.006	0.001	0.637	0.359	0.053
种植密度 Planting density (D)		0	0	0	0.002	0.054	0.015	0	0.001	0.001
L×D		0.002	0	0.007	0.056	0.061	0.045	0.040	0.030	0.566

宽窄行与增密对绿洲灌区玉米光合特性及资源利用的协同效应

Synergistic Effects of Wide-Narrow Row and Density Enhancement on the Photosynthetic Characteristics and Resource Utilization of Maize in Oasis Irrigation Areas

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