施氮量与播后滴灌量对玉米大豆带状复合种植系统产量、经济效益及水分利用特性的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.23.008

中国农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (23): 4905-4919.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.23.008

所属专题：专题——黄淮地区玉米大豆复合种植丰产增效技术研发

• 黄淮地区玉米大豆复合种植丰产增效技术研发 • 上一篇下一篇

施氮量与播后滴灌量对玉米大豆带状复合种植系统产量、经济效益及水分利用特性的影响

孔玮琳¹(), 高春华², 赵逢涛², 巨飞燕², 李宗新³, 赵海军³, 刘苹¹^,^*()

¹ 养分资源高效利用全国重点实验室/农业农村部黄淮海平原农业环境重点实验室/山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所，济南 250100
² 山东省农业科学院经济作物研究所，济南 250100
³ 山东省农业科学院，济南 250100

收稿日期:2025-04-29 接受日期:2025-08-29 出版日期:2025-12-01 发布日期:2025-12-09
通信作者:
刘苹，E-mail：liuapple5326@sina.com
联系方式: 孔玮琳，E-mail：tckwl8989@163.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2022YFD2300905); 国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1900903); 泰山学者工程(tstp20231236); 山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程(CXG2025B10)

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate Combined with Drip Irrigation Amount After Sowing on Yield, Economic Benefit, Water Use Characteristics of Maize-Soybean Strip Intercropping Planting System

KONG WeiLin¹(), GAO ChunHua², ZHAO FengTao², JU FeiYan², LI ZongXin³, ZHAO HaiJun³, LIU Ping¹^,^*()

¹ State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management/Key Laboratory of Agro- Environment in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100
² Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100
³ Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100

Received:2025-04-29 Accepted:2025-08-29 Published:2025-12-01 Online:2025-12-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 探究施氮量与播后滴灌量对玉米大豆带状复合种植系统生产力及资源利用效率的调控效应，为黄淮海地区水肥协同优化提供理论基础和技术支撑。【方法】 于2023和2024年，设置不同种植模式（M，玉米单作；S，大豆单作；MS，玉米大豆带状复合种植）、施氮量（N1，120 kg·hm^-2；N2，180 kg·hm^-2；N3，240kg·hm^-2）和播后滴灌量（I1，不灌水；I2，30 mm；I3，60 mm）三因素三水平正交试验，解析叶面积动态、产量、水分利用特性及经济效益对水氮调控的响应。【结果】 玉米和大豆叶面积指数（LAI）均在播后90 d左右达峰值，符合Sine函数变化（拟合度R²>0.967），带状复合种植显著提高玉米LAI，但降低大豆LAI，大豆对水分敏感，播后30 d无滴灌（I1）显著降低单作和带状复合大豆LAI，降幅达13.25%—25.00%和17.73%—24.48%；带状复合最优处理（MSN1I2，120 kg·hm^-2+滴灌30 mm）产量达9 063—9 088 kg·hm^-2，虽较单作玉米最高产处理（MN2I3，180 kg·hm^-2+滴灌60 mm）低3.48%—4.11%，但其土地当量比（land equivalent ratio，LER）持续>1（1.02—1.26），证实土地集约优势；带状复合种植较单作玉米提高0—40 cm耕层土壤蓄水量1.20%—8.64%；带状复合系统平均经济效益较单作玉米、大豆分别提高4.11%—8.04%与49.62%—63.28%，其中MSN1I2处理效益峰值达23 638元/hm²；MSN1I2实现水肥协同增效，灌溉产量效益达3.06 kg·m^-3。【结论】 玉米大豆带状复合种植模式下，减氮至120 kg·hm^-2耦合播后滴灌30 mm（MSN1I2）可同步优化冠层结构、保障高产稳产、提升经济效益与水肥效率，为区域“减氮增效”提供技术支持。

关键词: 带状复合种植系统, 施氮量, 播后灌溉量, 产量, 经济效益, 玉米, 大豆

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aimed to clarify how varying nitrogen application rates and amounts of drip irrigation after sowing influence productivity and resource efficiency in a maize-soybean strip intercropping system, offering a theoretical framework for improving water-nitrogen management in the Huang-Huai-Hai area. 【Method】 From 2023 to 2024, a three-factor orthogonal experimental design was conducted, featuring three cultivation methods: maize alone (M), soybean alone (S), and maize-soybean strip intercropping (MS). The nitrogen levels tested were 120 kg·hm^-2 (N1), 180 kg·hm^-2 (N2), and 240 kg·hm^-2 (N3), while post-sowing irrigation was applied at 0 mm (I1), 30 mm (I2), and 60 mm (I3). This study systematically analyzed the impacts of these planting patterns on leaf area dynamics, yield, water use characteristics, and economic benefits of water and nitrogen regulation. 【Result】 The leaf area index (LAI) for both maize and soybean reached its maximum around 90 days after sowing, following a sine function trend (goodness-of-fit R²>0.967). The MS method notably enhanced maize LAI but reduced soybean LAI. Soybean was particularly responsive to water availability; the lack of post-sowing irrigation (I1) led to a significant decrease in LAI for both S and MS soybean by 13.25%-25.00% and 17.73%-24.48%, respectively, at 30 days after sowing. The most effective intercropping treatment (MSN1I2: low nitrogen at 120 kg·hm^-2+30 mm irrigation) yielded 9 063-9 088 kg·hm^-2. Although this yield was 3.48%-4.11% less than the highest yield from maize monoculture (MN2I3: 180 kg·hm^-2 N+60 mm irrigation), its land equivalent ratio (LER) remained above 1 (1.02-1.26), highlighting the benefits of intensified land use. In comparison to maize monoculture, the strip intercropping system enhanced soil water retention in the 0-40 cm plough layer by 1.20%-8.64%. On average, the trip intercropping system improved economic returns by 4.11%-8.04% and 49.62%-63.28% compared with maize and soybean monocultures, respectively, with the MSN1I2 treatment yielding the highest benefit of 23 638 yuan·hm^-2. This treatment (MSN1I2) showed a synergistic improvement in water and nitrogen efficiency, with an irrigation water productivity of 3.06 kg·m^-3. 【Conclusion】 In the maize-soybean strip intercropping system, lowering nitrogen application to 120 kg·hm^-2 along with 30 mm of post-sowing drip irrigation (MSN1I2) could optimize canopy structure, maintain high and stable yields, enhance economic returns, and improve water and nitrogen efficiency. This approach offered the valuable technical guidance for regional initiatives aimed at reducing nitrogen and enhancing efficiency.

Key words: strip intercropping system, nitrogen application, irrigation after sowing, yield, economic benefits, maize, soybean

孔玮琳, 高春华, 赵逢涛, 巨飞燕, 李宗新, 赵海军, 刘苹. 施氮量与播后滴灌量对玉米大豆带状复合种植系统产量、经济效益及水分利用特性的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(23): 4905-4919.

KONG WeiLin, GAO ChunHua, ZHAO FengTao, JU FeiYan, LI ZongXin, ZHAO HaiJun, LIU Ping. Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate Combined with Drip Irrigation Amount After Sowing on Yield, Economic Benefit, Water Use Characteristics of Maize-Soybean Strip Intercropping Planting System[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(23): 4905-4919.

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年份 Year	pH	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮 Alkeline-N (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 Olsen-P (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Olsen-K (mg·kg^-1)
2023	5.44	13.87	0.72	70.56	13.21	142.12
2024	5.79	12.65	0.86	71.67	15.74	143.68

处理 Treatment	种植模式（因子P） Planting pattern (Factor P)	施氮量（因子N） Nitrogen fertilizer rate (Factor N) (kg N·hm^-2)	灌溉量（因子I） Irrigation amount (Factor I) (mm)
MN1I1	玉米单作 Maize monoculture (M)	120 (N1)	0 (I1)
MN2I3	玉米单作Maize monoculture (M)	180 (N2)	60 (I3)
MN3I2	玉米单作Maize monoculture (M)	240 (N3)	30 (I2)
SN1I3	大豆单作Soybean monoculture (S)	120 (N1)	60 (I3)
SN2I2	大豆单作Soybean monoculture (S)	180 (N2)	30 (I2)
SN3I1	大豆单作Soybean monoculture (S)	240 (N3)	0 (I1)
MSN1I2	玉米大豆带状复合种植Maize and soybean intercropping (MS)	120 (N1)	30 (I2)
MSN2I1	玉米大豆带状复合种植Maize and soybean intercropping (MS)	180 (N2)	0 (I1)
MSN3I3	玉米大豆带状复合种植Maize and soybean intercropping (MS)	240 (N3)	60 (I3)

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	y₀	x_c	w	A	R²
2023	MN1I1	1.68	46.17	87.24	2.77	0.9899**
	MN2I3	2.30	51.49	80.08	2.46	0.9823**
	MN3I2	2.51	54.61	71.72	2.33	0.9808**
	MSN1I2	2.55	55.25	71.84	2.38	0.9953**
	MSN2I1	1.79	47.12	90.14	2.86	0.9869**
	MSN3I3	2.55	53.17	72.11	2.35	0.9749**
2024	MN1I1	1.78	45.14	96.20	2.77	0.9767**
	MN2I3	2.35	57.65	61.52	2.09	0.9974**
	MN3I2	2.52	55.09	71.75	2.29	0.9878**
	MSN1I2	2.59	55.87	68.11	2.32	0.9973**
	MSN2I1	2.17	53.31	80.29	2.47	0.9674**
	MSN3I3	2.42	51.26	77.35	2.42	0.9686**

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	y₀	x_c	w	A	R²
2023	SN1I3	4.54	-111.77	82.14	3.61	0.9997**
	MN2I2	4.59	-97.28	75.22	3.40	0.9987**
	MN3I1	2.61	-189.21	114.14	5.13	0.9974**
	MSN1I2	4.32	-93.19	75.01	3.35	0.9995**
	MSN2I1	4.14	56.45	67.56	3.24	0.9990**
	MSN3I3	4.22	-94.46	75.13	3.22	0.9985**
2024	SN1I3	4.53	-96.85	76.23	3.46	0.9987**
	MN2I2	4.44	-92.72	74.18	3.33	0.9982**
	MN3I1	4.27	-89.15	72.86	3.28	0.9999**
	MSN1I2	4.05	-91.79	74.07	3.31	0.9987**
	MSN2I1	4.03	-77.28	67.63	3.28	0.9957**
	MSN3I3	4.32	-81.07	69.47	3.23	0.9963**

处理 Treatment				产量 Yield（kg·hm^-2）
种植模式（因子P） Planting pattern (FactorP)	施氮量（因子N） Nitrogen fertilizer rate (Factor N)	灌溉量（因子I） Irrigation amount (Factor I)		2023	2024
M	N1		I1	8860.97c	8344.79d
	N2		I3	9462.02a	9379.11a
	N3		I2	9215.53b	9164.05b
S	N1		I3	3768.85e	3632.72f
	N2		I2	3933.02e	3748.40f
	N3		I1	3297.36f	2979.07g
MS	N1		I2	9088.27b	9063.46b
	N2		I1	8535.18d	8145.69e
	N3		I3	8849.46c	8635.35c

施氮量与播后滴灌量对玉米大豆带状复合种植系统产量、经济效益及水分利用特性的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate Combined with Drip Irrigation Amount After Sowing on Yield, Economic Benefit, Water Use Characteristics of Maize-Soybean Strip Intercropping Planting System

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年份 Year	项目 Item	源Source
年份 Year	项目 Item	种植模式 Planting pattern	施氮量 Nitrogen fertilizer rate	灌溉量 Irrigation amount
2023	k₁	9179.51	7239.36	6897.84
	k₂	3666.41	7310.08	7412.27
	k₃	8824.31	7120.79	7360.11
	R	5513.10	189.29	514.43
	P	0.01*	0.25	0.04*
2024	k₁	8962.65	7013.66	6489.85
	k₂	3453.40	7091.07	7325.30
	k₃	8614.83	6926.15	7215.72
	R	5509.25	164.91	835.45
	P	0.01*	0.67	0.06

处理 Treatment				经济效益 Economic benefits (yuan/hm²)
种植模式（因子P） Planting pattern (Factor P)	施氮量（因子N） Nitrogen fertilizer rate (Factor N)		灌溉量（因子I） Ir Irrigation amount (Factor I)	2023	2024
M		N1	I1	20538.46c	14501.93e
		N2	I3	21899.63b	16416.78c
		N3	I2	21117.71c	15838.37d
S		N1	I3	15915.03d	11172.43f
		N2	I2	16587.78d	11349.98f
		N3	I1	8120.90e	13322.22g
MS		N1	I2	23637.75a	18014.22a
		N2	I1	21888.51b	15727.64d
		N3	I3	23038.62a	16772.18b

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