蛹期干旱胁迫对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊交配及虱螨脲敏感性的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.14.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】韭菜迟眼蕈蚊（Bradysia odoriphaga）生长发育期受到干旱胁迫可显著抑制其种群发生，但仅在蛹期受到干旱胁迫是否对其种群产生影响尚未见报道。本研究旨在明确蛹期干旱胁迫对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊交配行为及其F₁代对虱螨脲敏感性的影响，探究土壤干旱胁迫对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊种群的调控机理，为实现韭菜迟眼蕈蚊防治过程中化学农药的减量施用提供理论依据。【方法】设置土壤干旱处理（10%相对含水量）和土壤湿润处理（40%相对含水量），测定蛹在不同土壤湿度条件下其失水率、发育历期以及成虫寿命的差异；通过配对试验观察不同土壤湿度条件下羽化成虫的交配情况；采用浸茎法测定不同处理种群F₁代2龄幼虫对虱螨脲的敏感性，测定解毒酶活性及相关编码基因的表达量。【结果】蛹期干旱胁迫导致成虫寿命显著缩短但并未影响蛹的发育历期；交配试验结果表明，蛹期干旱胁迫后雄虫每分钟求偶次数下降78.70%，每分钟求偶时长下降76.44%，交配成功率下降78.57%；干旱处理下，72 h雌蛹失水率为36.12%，雄蛹失水率为41.12%，均显著高于湿润处理组；干旱处理组F₁代2龄幼虫LC₅₀值（14.343 mg·L^-1）较湿润处理（22.902 mg·L^-1）下降37.37%，14.00 mg·L^-1虱螨脲处理对干旱处理组2龄幼虫致死率为53.33%，对湿润处理组致死率为26.67%，差异显著；干旱处理组P450解毒酶、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶和羧酸酯酶活性较湿润处理组显著降低；实时荧光定量PCR结果表明干旱处理组CarE2、CarE3、GSTd1、CYP6QE1、CYP3356A表达量较湿润处理组显著下调，CarE1、CYP6FU12表达量差异不显著，GSTd2表达量显著上调。【结论】干旱胁迫导致蛹显著失水，成虫寿命缩短，交配行为受到抑制，利用蛹期土壤干旱胁迫技术可以抑制韭菜迟眼蕈蚊种群的发生，同时蛹期干旱胁迫导致虱螨脲对F₁代幼虫致死率提高以及幼虫体内解毒酶活性发生变化，表明干旱胁迫与化学防治协同防治韭菜迟眼蕈蚊存在可行性。

关键词: 韭菜迟眼蕈蚊, 干旱胁迫, 交配行为, 虱螨脲, 解毒酶

Abstract:

【Objective】Drought stress during the entire developmental period of Bradysia odoriphaga significantly suppresses its population occurrence. However, the specific impact of drought stress applied solely during the pupal stage on its population remains unreported. This study aims to clarify the effects of pupal-stage drought stress on the mating behavior of B. odoriphaga and the sensitivity of its F₁ generation to lufenuron. It further explores the regulatory mechanism of soil drought stress on the B. odoriphaga population, providing a theoretical basis for reducing chemical pesticide application in its control.【Method】Soil drought treatment (10% relative water content) and soil wet treatment (40% relative water content) were established. Differences in water loss rate, developmental duration, and adult longevity were measured under these soil humidity conditions. Mating behavior of emerged adults was observed through paired trials. The sensitivity of F₁ 2nd-instar larvae to lufenuron was determined using the stem-dip method. Additionally, detoxifying enzyme activities and the expression levels of related coding genes were measured.【Result】Drought stress during the pupal stage significantly shortened adult longevity but did not affect pupal developmental duration. Mating trials revealed that drought-stressed males exhibited a 78.70% decrease in courtship attempts per minute, a 76.44% reduction in courtship duration per minute, and a 78.57% decline in mating success rate. Under drought treatment, the water loss rates at 72 h were 36.12% for female pupae and 41.12% for male pupae, both significantly higher than those in the wet treatment group. The LC₅₀value for F₁ 2nd-instar larvae from the drought group (14.343 mg·L^-1) decreased by 37.37% compared to the wet group (22.902 mg·L^-1). The mortality rate of 2nd-instar larvae treated with 14.00 mg·L^-1 lufenuron was 53.33% in the drought treatment group and 26.67% in the wet treatment group. The difference was significant. The activities of P450 detoxifying enzymes, glutathione S-transferase and carboxylesterase in drought treatment group were significantly lower than those in wet treatment group. The results of real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR showed that the expression levels of CarE2, CarE3, GSTd1, CYP6QE1 and CYP3356A in the drought treatment group were significantly lower than those in the wet treatment group. The expression levels of CarE1 and CYP6FU12 were not significantly different, and the expression of GSTd2 was significantly up-regulated.【Conclusion】Drought stress leads to significant water loss in pupae, shortens adult longevity, and inhibits mating behavior. The use of soil drought stress during pupal stage can inhibit the occurrence of B. odoriphaga population. At the same time, drought stress during pupal stage leads to the increase of the lethal rate of lufenuron to F₁ larvae and the change of detoxifying enzyme activity in larvae, indicating that it is feasible to control B. odoriphaga with drought stress and chemical control.

Key words: Bradysia odoriphaga, drought stress, mating behavior, lufenuron, detoxifying enzyme

刘文龙, 常译方, 李文宇, 孙丽娟, 郑长英. 蛹期干旱胁迫对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊交配及虱螨脲敏感性的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(14): 2793-2804.

LIU WenLong, CHANG YiFang, LI WenYu, SUN LiJuan, ZHENG ChangYing. Effects of Drought Stress During the Pupal Stage on Mating Behavior and Sensitivity to Lufenuron in Bradysia odoriphaga[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(14): 2793-2804.

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基因 Gene	引物名称 Prime name	序列信息 Sequence information (5′-3′)
CarE	CarE1-F	GTGCAAGGTGTTTCGCTGAG
	CarE1-R	GTGCAATTGGAACGGGAACC
	CarE2-F	TGTGTCCCACAGCACAAAGT
	CarE2-R	CAGGATCGGCGGATTGAAGA
	CarE3-F	TCCGGCAAACGTGGAAAAAC
	CarE3-R	GCATACACCCTTCACACCCA
GSTs	GST-d1-F	ATGCCGTGCTGTCTTGATGA
	GST-d1-R	ATCAACCATGGTCGGGATCG
	GST-d2-F	TGACCGTGCCAAAGTCATCA
	GST-d2-R	AGGCCTAAACTGGCACATCC
P450	CYP3356A1-F	GCAGCATAGTGCAGAGGTGA
	CYP3356A1-R	CAACAGCCGCTCTCAAATCG
	CYP6QE1-F	CCCACGTTCACATCCGGTAA
	CYP6QE1-R	GCTTACCGCTAACCGATCCA
	CYP6FU12-F	AAGCTGGGCCTAATGCTTGT
	CYP6FU12-R	CTGGCTGATCGCGGAGTTAT
RPS15	RPS15-F	ATCGTGGCGTCGATTTGGAT
RPS15	RPS15-R	CTCATTTGGTGGGGCTTCCT

处理 Treatment	发育历期Developmental duration (d)		成虫寿命Adult longevity (d)
处理 Treatment	雌蛹Female pupa	雄蛹<BOLD>M</BOLD>ale pupa	雌虫Female adult	雄虫<BOLD>M</BOLD>ale adult
湿润处理Wet treatment	4.58±0.11a	4.95±0.11a	4.55±0.28b	4.60±0.31b
干旱处理Drought treatment	4.85±0.10a	4.83±0.11a	2.60±0.26a	2.35±0.25a

处理时长 Processing time (h)	雌蛹失水率Female pupa water loss rate (%)		雄蛹失水率Male pupa water loss rate (%)
处理时长 Processing time (h)	干旱处理 Drought treatment	湿润处理 Wet treatment	干旱处理 Drought treatment	湿润处理 Wet treatment
24	12.72±6.01bcA	1.72±0.44abA	23.42±3.06cA	1.20±0.79aA
48	22.38±3.19bAB	3.34±1.24aA	35.66±1.52cB	4.33±2.33aA
72	36.12±2.09bB	4.91±1.18aA	41.12±2.94bB	5.85±5.12aA

项目 Item	干旱雌虫+干旱雄虫 Dry female+dry male	湿润雌虫+湿润雄虫 Wet female+wet male	干旱雌虫+湿润雄虫 Dry female+wet male	湿润雌虫+干旱雄虫 Wet female+dry male
交配时长Mating duration (s)	404.67±33.93a	377.07±24.49a	352.83±75.74a	372.30±71.18a
每分钟求偶次数 Courtship per minute	0.36±0.11b	1.69±0.15a	0.50±0.19b	0.50±0.19b
每分钟求偶时长 Courtship time per minute (s)	1.60±0.57b	6.79±0.75a	2.42±0.73b	1.69±0.76b
交配率Mating rate (%)	20.00±11.55b	93.33±6.67a	33.33±11.55b	40.00±9.32b

处理Treatment	斜率Slope	LC₅₀(95% CL) (mg·L^-1)	卡方χ² (df)
湿润处理Wet treatment	0.914±0.233	22.902 (12.048-60.793)	2.402 (3)
干旱处理Drought treatment	0.763±0.119	14.343 (7.909-33.892)	2.065 (3)