山东省小麦玉米秸秆资源分布与还田减肥潜力

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.11.012

中国农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (11): 2202-2214.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.11.012

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

山东省小麦玉米秸秆资源分布与还田减肥潜力

柴如山¹(), 朱丽青², 刘梦阳¹, 罗来超¹, 张亮亮¹, 程启鹏¹, 张朝春¹^,³()

¹ 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院/农田生态保育与养分资源高效利用安徽省重点实验室/自然资源部江淮耕地资源保护与生态修复重点实验室，合肥 230036
² 安徽农业大学生物技术中心，合肥 230036
³ 中国农业大学资源与环境学院，北京 100193

收稿日期:2023-07-14 接受日期:2023-08-12 出版日期:2024-06-01 发布日期:2024-06-07
通信作者:
张朝春，E-mail：zhangcc@cau.edu.cn
联系方式: 柴如山，E-mail：rschai@ahau.edu.cn。
基金资助:
安徽省科技重大专项(202103a06020012); 肥料高效施用技术创新及培训服务(22352004)

Distribution of Wheat and Maize Straw Resources in Shandong Province and Fertilizer Reduction Potential Under Straw Return

CHAI RuShan¹(), ZHU LiQing², LIU MengYang¹, LUO LaiChao¹, ZHANG LiangLiang¹, CHENG QiPeng¹, ZHANG ChaoChun¹^,³()

¹ College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University/Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Nutrient Utilization/Key Laboratory of Jianghuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hefei 230036
² Biotechnology Center, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036
³ College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193

Received:2023-07-14 Accepted:2023-08-12 Published:2024-06-01 Online:2024-06-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】山东地处华北地区，是我国小麦玉米主产省份。明晰其秸秆资源的空间分布特征及秸秆还田的养分替代潜力，可为推进全省秸秆综合高效利用和农田化肥合理减量增效提供决策依据。【方法】基于统计年鉴资料和文献调研数据，利用草谷比法对2019—2021年山东省不同地区小麦玉米秸秆年均产量及还田情景下的化肥可替代量进行测算。【结果】2019—2021年山东省小麦和玉米秸秆年均产量分别为2 928万t和2 252万t，两种秸秆资源的区域占比表现为鲁北（34.9%、34.7%）>鲁西南（27.6%、24.9%）>鲁中（20.2%、21.4%）>鲁东（9.1%、11.3%）>鲁东南（8.2%、7.8%）。单位面积小麦秸秆可收集量排序为鲁北（5 573 kg·hm^-2）>鲁西南（5 380 kg·hm^-2）>鲁中（5 361 kg·hm^-2）>鲁东南（5 088 kg·hm^-2）>鲁东（4 968 kg·hm^-2），玉米秸秆可收集量排序为鲁西南（5 121 kg·hm^-2）>鲁北（5 034 kg·hm^-2）>鲁东南（4 807 kg·hm^-2）>鲁中（4 790 kg·hm^-2）>鲁东（4 709 kg·hm^-2）。秸秆产量较高的菏泽、德州、聊城、济宁和潍坊五市的小麦和玉米秸秆总占比分别为57.5%和55.5%，而秸秆产出较少的东营、淄博、日照和威海四市的两种秸秆总占比分别仅为7.2%和8.0%。全省小麦秸秆N、P₂O₅、K₂O养分年均资源量分别为13.94万t、5.13万t和50.90万t，玉米秸秆N、P₂O₅、K₂O养分资源量分别为16.65万t、6.58万t和36.60万t。区域尺度上单位面积小麦秸秆还田当季的N、P₂O₅、K₂O养分理论可替代化肥的量分别为16.7—18.7、7.8—8.7和110.4—123.8 kg·hm^-2，玉米秸秆还田的N、P₂O₅、K₂O养分可替代化肥的量分别为25.4—27.6、11.8—12.8和83.2—90.5 kg·hm^-2。【结论】山东省不同地区的小麦玉米秸秆资源总量及单位面积可收集量存在一定差异，应因地制宜加强秸秆高效利用；秸秆还田利用情景下需考虑还田秸秆的替代化肥潜力，以促进化肥减量增效和农业绿色发展。

关键词: 小麦, 玉米, 秸秆资源, 秸秆还田, 化肥替代, 山东省

Abstract:

【Objective】Shandong Province is the main wheat and maize producing province in North China. Clarifying the spatial distribution characteristics of wheat and maize straw resources and nutrient substitution potential of straw return of this province could provide the decision support for comprehensive utilization of crop straw and fertilizer reduction.【Method】In this research, the wheat and maize straw yield and substitution potential of nutrient by straw return in different areas of Shandong Province were estimated by straw-to-grain ratio method, based on statistic yearbook data and published literature review.【Result】The annual outputs of wheat and maize straw were 29.28 and 22.52 million tons, respectively, in Shandong Province during 2019-2021. The proportions of wheat and maize straw resources in different regions were ranked as follows: North Shandong (34.9% and 34.7%)>Southwest Shandong (27.6% and 24.9%)>Central Shandong (20.2% and 21.4%)>East Shandong (9.1% and 11.3%)>Southeast Shandong (8.2% and 7.8%). The order of collectable wheat straw per unit area was North Shandong (5 573 kg·hm^-2)>Southwest Shandong (5 380 kg·hm^-2)>Central Shandong (5 361 kg·hm^-2)>Southeast Shandong (5 088 kg·hm^-2)>East Shandong (4 968 kg·hm^-2). The order of collectable maize straw per unit area was Southwest Shandong (5 121 kg·hm^-2)>North Shandong (5 034 kg·hm^-2)>Southeast Shandong (4 807 kg·hm^-2)>Central Shandong (4 790 kg·hm^-2)>East Shandong (4 709 kg·hm^-2). At the municipal level, the straw resources were mainly distributed in Heze, Dezhou, Liaocheng, Jining and Weifang. The wheat and maize straw yields of these cities accounted for 57.5% and 55.5%, respectively. However, the proportions of wheat and maize straw outputs from Dongying, Zibo, Rizhao and Weihai were only 7.2% and 8.0%, respectively. In Shandong Province, the amounts of nutrient from wheat straw were 0.1394 million tons of N, 0.0513 million tons of P₂O₅, and 0.5090 million tons of K₂O. For maize straw, the outputs of nutrient were 0.1665 million tons of N, 0.0658 million tons of P₂O₅, and 0.3660 million tons of K₂O. In the regional scale, the substituting potentials of N, P₂O₅ and K₂O through wheat straw return were 16.7-18.7, 7.8-8.7 and 110.4-123.8 kg·hm^-2, respectively. The maize straw incorporation could substitute chemical fertilizers of N 25.4-27.6, P₂O₅11.8-12.8 and K₂O 83.2-90.5 kg·hm^-2 theoretically.【Conclusion】In summary, there were some differences in total straw yield and collectable straw per unit area among different wheat-maize rotation areas of Shandong Province. Therefore, these appropriate policies should be formulated based on local conditions to promote efficient utilization of wheat and maize straw resources. The fertilizer replacement potential of returned straw should be considered for nutrient management in wheat-maize rotation system, which was conducive to chemical fertilizer reduction and green agricultural development.

Key words: wheat, maize, straw resources, straw incorporation, chemical fertilizer substitution, Shandong Province

柴如山, 朱丽青, 刘梦阳, 罗来超, 张亮亮, 程启鹏, 张朝春. 山东省小麦玉米秸秆资源分布与还田减肥潜力[J]. 中国农业科学, 2024, 57(11): 2202-2214.

CHAI RuShan, ZHU LiQing, LIU MengYang, LUO LaiChao, ZHANG LiangLiang, CHENG QiPeng, ZHANG ChaoChun. Distribution of Wheat and Maize Straw Resources in Shandong Province and Fertilizer Reduction Potential Under Straw Return[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(11): 2202-2214.

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区域 Region	小麦秸秆还田Wheat straw return			玉米秸秆还田Maize straw return
区域 Region	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
鲁北NSD	18.7±0.3	8.7±0.1	123.8±2.1	27.1±0.2	12.6±0.1	88.9±0.7
鲁中CSD	18.0±0.3	8.4±0.1	119.1±1.8	25.8±0.2	12.0±0.1	84.6±0.6
鲁东ESD	16.7±0.4	7.8±0.2	110.4±2.4	25.4±0.8	11.8±0.4	83.2±2.8
鲁西南SWSD	18.0±0.4	8.4±0.2	119.5±2.4	27.6±0.3	12.8±0.1	90.5±1.0
鲁东南SESD	17.1±0.3	8.0±0.1	113.0±1.9	25.9±0.1	12.1±0.0	84.9±0.3

山东省小麦玉米秸秆资源分布与还田减肥潜力

Distribution of Wheat and Maize Straw Resources in Shandong Province and Fertilizer Reduction Potential Under Straw Return

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