稻田伴生浮萍碳、氮汇及对水稻产量影响的研究进展

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.23.013

中国农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (23): 4717-4728.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.23.013

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

稻田伴生浮萍碳、氮汇及对水稻产量影响的研究进展

景立权¹(), 李凡¹, 赵一函¹, 王训康¹, 赵福成², 赖上坤³, 孙小淋⁴, 王云霞⁵, 杨连新¹()

¹ 扬州大学农学院/江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心，江苏扬州 225009
² 浙江省农业科学院玉米与特色旱粮研究所，浙江东阳 322100
³ 江苏省农业科学院宿迁农科所，江苏宿迁 223800
⁴ 上海市农业科学院生态环境保护研究所，上海奉贤 201403
⁵ 扬州大学环境科学与工程学院，江苏扬州 225009

收稿日期:2023-03-29 接受日期:2023-06-21 出版日期:2023-12-04 发布日期:2023-12-04
通信作者:
杨连新，E-mail：lxyang@yzu.edu.cn
联系方式: 景立权，E-mail：lqjing@yzu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32172102); 国家自然科学基金(31701352); 江苏高校优势学科建设工程(PAPD); 浙江省重点研发计划(2020C02001)

Research Progress on the Carbon and Nitrogen Sink of Duckweed Growing in Paddy and Its Effects on Rice Yield

JING LiQuan¹(), LI Fan¹, ZHAO YiHan¹, WANG XunKang¹, ZHAO FuCheng², LAI ShangKun³, SUN XiaoLin⁴, WANG YunXia⁵, YANG LianXin¹()

¹ Agricultural College of Yangzhou University/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu
² Institute of Maize and Featured Upland Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dongyang 322100, Zhejiang
³ Suqian Institute, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suqian 223800, Jiangsu
⁴ Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403
⁵ College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu

Received:2023-03-29 Accepted:2023-06-21 Published:2023-12-04 Online:2023-12-04

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

浮萍是一种常见于静水环境中的水体漂浮微观植物。以大气CO₂浓度增高为主导致的温度上升为特征的气候变化威胁着粮食安全。或因气候变暖及灌溉水体富营养化等，近年来我国稻田浮萍伴生有逐年加重趋势。本文综述了浮萍对稻田的影响，发现了一些重要信息：浮萍伴生降低稻田水体温度0.8—2.76 ℃及pH 0.10—0.45，改变了微生物群落结构，减少稻田NH₃挥发18.2%—59.0%，提高氮利用率17.2%—78.0%，结果增加了稻田氮汇及稻谷产量（9.0%—34.6%）；伴生浮萍生长繁殖快，其年产生物量可达8×10³—13×10³kg·hm^-2，碳汇几乎与当季水稻相当；水稻浮萍的互利共生总体大于竞争，二者伴生呈现了稻田生态系统对环境变化适应的现象。但未来本领域仍需深入研究，包括浮萍伴生，特别是与环境因子互作（高温及高CO₂浓度等）条件下，对稻田生态环境变化、水稻生长、产量、品质的影响及机制和可能带给稻田的风险等，为未来基于水稻-浮萍等生物协作开发适应气候及环境变化、维持农业可持续发展的稻作技术提供理论支撑。

关键词: 浮萍, 水稻, 碳汇, 氮汇, 产量

Abstract:

Duckweed (Lemna minor L.) is a floating microscopic plant that is usually found in standing water. Climate change is characterized by rising temperature, which is mainly due to increasing atmospheric CO₂ concentration, and it poses potential risks to food production. Owing to factors such as climate warming and/or the eutrophication of water, duckweed growth in paddy fields has shown an increasing trend year by year in China. This paper focused on the impacts of duckweed on paddy fields and highlighted some vital trends. Duckweed reduced the water temperature of paddy by 0.86-2.76 ℃ and the pH value by 0.10-0.45, changed the structure of microbial community, reduced the NH₃ volatilization by 18.2%-59.0%, and increased the nitrogen utilization rate by 17.2%-78.0%. As a result, the nitrogen sink of paddy increased and the rice yield rose by 9.0%-34.6% upon duckweed growing in paddy. Duckweed grew and reproduced rapidly, and its annual biomass could reach 8×10³-13×10³ kg·hm^-2, making its carbon sink almost equal to that of rice in the same season. The mutualism between duckweed and rice was greater than its competition, and the coexistence of duckweed and rice in paddy showed an adaptation of the rice field ecosystem to environmental changes. Future research in this field should focus on the effect and its mechanism of duckweed on the paddy environment changes, rice growth, yield, and quality, and the risks which might bring to the paddy fields, especially the interaction with environmental factors (elevated temperature and CO₂ concentration, etc.). Such research would provide theoretical support for the sustainable agricultural development of rice farming technology based on biological collaboration, such as rice-duckweed, which can adapt to future changes in climate and environment.

Key words: duckweed (Lemna minor L.), rice, carbon sink, nitrogen sink, yield

景立权, 李凡, 赵一函, 王训康, 赵福成, 赖上坤, 孙小淋, 王云霞, 杨连新. 稻田伴生浮萍碳、氮汇及对水稻产量影响的研究进展[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(23): 4717-4728.

JING LiQuan, LI Fan, ZHAO YiHan, WANG XunKang, ZHAO FuCheng, LAI ShangKun, SUN XiaoLin, WANG YunXia, YANG LianXin. Research Progress on the Carbon and Nitrogen Sink of Duckweed Growing in Paddy and Its Effects on Rice Yield[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(23): 4717-4728.

图/表 3

图1

图2

表1

浮萍伴生对稻田生态环境因子及水稻产量的影响"

报道年份 Report year	组织 Organization	试验地点 Experiment location	施氮水平 N level (kg·hm^-2)	产量 Yield (%)	氨挥发 NH₃volatilization (%)	氮利用率 Nitrogen utilization rate (%)	pH	参考文献Reference
2003	中国水稻研究所 China National Rice Research Institute	温室试验 Greenhouse experiment	0	无效应 No effect	——	——	——	[36]
2008	广西大学 Guangxi University	广西大学科研基地 (108°17′E, 22°50′N) Research base of Guangxi University	275	11.1↑	18.2↓	——	——	[39]
2009	浙江大学 Zhejiang University	浙江嘉兴 (120°40′E, 30°50′N) Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province	90/180	9.4-9.8↑	33.2-53.7↓	——	0.45↓	[17]
2017	中国科学院南京土壤研究所 Institute of Soil Science of Chinese Academy of Sciences	中国科学院常熟实验站 (120°57′E, 31°15′N) Changshu Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences	225/300	9.0-10.0↑	36.0-59.0↓	35.0-78.0↑	0.10-0.30↓	[72]
2017	贵州民族大学 Guizhou Minzu University	贵州省岑巩县水稻基地 (108°46E, 27°12′N) Rice base in Cengong County, Guizhou Province	——	11.7-34.6↓	——	——	——	[44]
2019	南京林业大学 Nanjing Forestry University 中山大学 Sun Yat-Sen University	江苏省宜兴 (119°59′E,31°28′N) Yixing, Jiangsu Province	240	10.9↑	50.6-54.2↓	17.2↑	0.27-0.33↓	[12]
2019		江西省鹰潭 117°10′N) Yingtan, Jiangxi Province	240	10.9↑	50.6-54.2↓	17.2↑	0.27-0.33↓	[12]
2021	上海交通大学 Shanghai Jiaotong University	上海市青浦现代农业园 (30°58'9"E, 121°0'34"N) Shanghai Qingpu Modern Agricultural Park	189.2	28.0↑	——	——	——	[73]
2022	上海交通大学 Shanghai Jiaotong University	上海市青浦现代农业园 (30°58'9"E, 121°0'34"N) Shanghai Qingpu Modern Agricultural Park	——	23.0↑	——	——	0.32-0.39↓	[19]
2023	浙江省农业科学院 Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences	太湖地区 (120°40' E, 30°50'N) Taihu region	170/225	——	——	——	——	[20]

表1

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稻田伴生浮萍碳、氮汇及对水稻产量影响的研究进展

Research Progress on the Carbon and Nitrogen Sink of Duckweed Growing in Paddy and Its Effects on Rice Yield

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