中国农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (23): 4717-4728.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.23.013

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

稻田伴生浮萍碳、氮汇及对水稻产量影响的研究进展

景立权1(), 李凡1, 赵一函1, 王训康1, 赵福成2, 赖上坤3, 孙小淋4, 王云霞5, 杨连新1()   

  1. 1 扬州大学农学院/江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心,江苏扬州 225009
    2 浙江省农业科学院玉米与特色旱粮研究所,浙江东阳 322100
    3 江苏省农业科学院宿迁农科所,江苏宿迁 223800
    4 上海市农业科学院生态环境保护研究所,上海奉贤 201403
    5 扬州大学环境科学与工程学院,江苏扬州 225009
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-29 接受日期:2023-06-21 出版日期:2023-12-04 发布日期:2023-12-04
  • 通信作者:
    杨连新,E-mail:
  • 联系方式: 景立权,E-mail:lqjing@yzu.edu.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(32172102); 国家自然科学基金(31701352); 江苏高校优势学科建设工程(PAPD); 浙江省重点研发计划(2020C02001)

Research Progress on the Carbon and Nitrogen Sink of Duckweed Growing in Paddy and Its Effects on Rice Yield

JING LiQuan1(), LI Fan1, ZHAO YiHan1, WANG XunKang1, ZHAO FuCheng2, LAI ShangKun3, SUN XiaoLin4, WANG YunXia5, YANG LianXin1()   

  1. 1 Agricultural College of Yangzhou University/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu
    2 Institute of Maize and Featured Upland Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dongyang 322100, Zhejiang
    3 Suqian Institute, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suqian 223800, Jiangsu
    4 Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403
    5 College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu
  • Received:2023-03-29 Accepted:2023-06-21 Published:2023-12-04 Online:2023-12-04

摘要:

浮萍是一种常见于静水环境中的水体漂浮微观植物。以大气CO2浓度增高为主导致的温度上升为特征的气候变化威胁着粮食安全。或因气候变暖及灌溉水体富营养化等,近年来我国稻田浮萍伴生有逐年加重趋势。本文综述了浮萍对稻田的影响,发现了一些重要信息:浮萍伴生降低稻田水体温度0.8—2.76 ℃及pH 0.10—0.45,改变了微生物群落结构,减少稻田NH3挥发18.2%—59.0%,提高氮利用率17.2%—78.0%,结果增加了稻田氮汇及稻谷产量(9.0%—34.6%);伴生浮萍生长繁殖快,其年产生物量可达8×103—13×103 kg·hm-2,碳汇几乎与当季水稻相当;水稻浮萍的互利共生总体大于竞争,二者伴生呈现了稻田生态系统对环境变化适应的现象。但未来本领域仍需深入研究,包括浮萍伴生,特别是与环境因子互作(高温及高CO2浓度等)条件下,对稻田生态环境变化、水稻生长、产量、品质的影响及机制和可能带给稻田的风险等,为未来基于水稻-浮萍等生物协作开发适应气候及环境变化、维持农业可持续发展的稻作技术提供理论支撑。

关键词: 浮萍, 水稻, 碳汇, 氮汇, 产量

Abstract:

Duckweed (Lemna minor L.) is a floating microscopic plant that is usually found in standing water. Climate change is characterized by rising temperature, which is mainly due to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration, and it poses potential risks to food production. Owing to factors such as climate warming and/or the eutrophication of water, duckweed growth in paddy fields has shown an increasing trend year by year in China. This paper focused on the impacts of duckweed on paddy fields and highlighted some vital trends. Duckweed reduced the water temperature of paddy by 0.86-2.76 ℃ and the pH value by 0.10-0.45, changed the structure of microbial community, reduced the NH3 volatilization by 18.2%-59.0%, and increased the nitrogen utilization rate by 17.2%-78.0%. As a result, the nitrogen sink of paddy increased and the rice yield rose by 9.0%-34.6% upon duckweed growing in paddy. Duckweed grew and reproduced rapidly, and its annual biomass could reach 8×103-13×103 kg·hm-2, making its carbon sink almost equal to that of rice in the same season. The mutualism between duckweed and rice was greater than its competition, and the coexistence of duckweed and rice in paddy showed an adaptation of the rice field ecosystem to environmental changes. Future research in this field should focus on the effect and its mechanism of duckweed on the paddy environment changes, rice growth, yield, and quality, and the risks which might bring to the paddy fields, especially the interaction with environmental factors (elevated temperature and CO2 concentration, etc.). Such research would provide theoretical support for the sustainable agricultural development of rice farming technology based on biological collaboration, such as rice-duckweed, which can adapt to future changes in climate and environment.

Key words: duckweed (Lemna minor L.), rice, carbon sink, nitrogen sink, yield