新疆棉花优质高产关键生产技术分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.14.004

中国农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (14): 2673-2685.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.14.004

• 耕作栽培·生理生化·农业信息技术 • 上一篇下一篇

新疆棉花优质高产关键生产技术分析

娄善伟¹^,³(), 田立文¹(), 罗宏海², 杜明伟³, 林涛¹, 杨涛⁴, 张鹏忠¹

¹ 新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所/国家棉花工程技术研究中心，乌鲁木齐 830091
² 石河子大学农学院，新疆石河子 832003
³ 中国农业大学农学院，北京 100193
⁴ 阿克苏地区农业技术推广中心，新疆阿克苏 843000

收稿日期:2022-10-25 接受日期:2023-03-02 出版日期:2023-07-16 发布日期:2023-07-21
通信作者:
田立文，E-mail：tianliwen@163.net
联系方式: 娄善伟，E-mail：wei.lou@163.com。
基金资助:
自治区重大科技专项(2022A02003); 农业部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室开放课题(25107020-202101)

Analysis on Key Production Techniques of Cotton with Good Quality and High Yield in Xinjiang

LOU ShanWei¹^,³(), TIAN LiWen¹(), LUO HongHai², DU MingWei³, LIN Tao¹, YANG Tao⁴, ZHANG PengZhong¹

¹ Institute of Industrial Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Cotton Engineering Technology Research Center, Urumqi 830091
² Agricultural College of Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang
³ College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193
⁴ Agricultural Technology Promotion Center in Aksu, Aksu 843000, Xinjiang

Received:2022-10-25 Accepted:2023-03-02 Published:2023-07-16 Online:2023-07-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

新疆棉花虽实现优质高产，但其技术引领与影响力仍不足。通过对新疆棉花高质量生产的关键技术进行分析，全面客观反映新疆棉花生产技术特征，以便其他棉区了解新疆棉花生产技术和向世界展示新疆棉花生产水平，并总结经验，加强先进技术的普及和进一步熟化，提高应用效率，促进新疆棉花生产技术向其他棉区推广。本文基于作者多年试验数据和研究结果，以及“新疆棉花产业化轻简高效关键技术创新与应用”“新疆棉花精量播种棉田保苗方法”等奖励、专利成果，结合文献查阅、学术交流、走访调研等，按照与棉花生育进程相对应的技术措施顺序和紧密性展开，总结出包括：精量播种及配套保苗技术、棉田全程矮、密、早群体调控技术、水肥一体化技术、管收全程机械化及其配套技术、病虫害防治技术等一系列关键技术，这些关键技术的改进、优化、熟化、创新与应用，构建了较为完善的新疆棉花生产技术体系，使新疆棉花生产技术水平大幅提升，促成新疆以全球占比不足9%的植棉面积，收获占比超全球20%的棉花，且单产水平世界领先，品质在世界中上水平，连续28年保持总产、单产、商品调拨量全国第一。对新疆棉花生产技术的创新、优化和实用性的深入剖析，可以使各棉区更好地理解新疆棉花高产优质的必然性和先进性，实践也证明，新疆棉花在这一系列技术的支撑下已经实现高质量生产，成为全国棉花单产和机械化程度最高的地区，其技术可以指导生产实践，并推广应用。

关键词: 棉花, 高质量, 关键技术

Abstract:

Although the cotton of Xinjiang has achieved high quality and high yield, its technological leadership and influence are still insufficient. To figure out the key technologies of high-quality cotton production in Xinjiang which can reflect the technical characteristics of cotton production comprehensively and objectively so that other areas where cotton is grown can understand cotton production technology in Xinjiang and show level of cotton production to the world. In addition, this article is to summarize experience, strengthen the popularization and further maturing of advanced technology, improve the application efficiency, and promote the promotion of cotton production technology in Xinjiang to other cotton regions. This paper based on years of experimental data and research results, awards and patented achievements such as “Innovation and application of light and efficient key technologies in cotton industrialization in Xinjiang” “Seeding Protection Method in Cotton Precision Seeding Field in Xinjiang”, combined with literature review, academic exchanges, visits and research. This analysis is carried out according to the order and tightness with technology corresponding to the cotton growth process. A series of key technologies are summarized, including: the seminal seeding and the supporting seedling technology, cotton field short-term, dense, early group control technology, water and fertilizer integration technology, the whole process of tube harvest mechanization and its supporting technology, pest and disease control technology. The relatively perfect cotton production technology system in Xinjiang has been constructed through improvement, optimization, maturation, innovation and application of key technologies, so that the technical level of cotton production in Xinjiang has been greatly improved to cover less than 9% of the world's planted cotton area, harvest more than 20% of the world's cotton, and lead the world in terms of single production level, quality in the world, and the total production, single production, and commodity transfers have been maintained for 28 consecutive years for the first time in the country. The in-depth analysis of innovation, optimization and practicability of cotton production technology in Xinjiang can help cotton regions better understand the inevitability and advanced of high yield and quality of cotton in Xinjiang. Practice also proves that, with the support of a series of key technologies, cotton in Xinjiang has achieved high-quality production and has become the region with the highest per unit yield and mechanization of cotton in China, which means that its technology can guide production practice and promote application.

Key words: cotton, high-quality, key technologies

娄善伟, 田立文, 罗宏海, 杜明伟, 林涛, 杨涛, 张鹏忠. 新疆棉花优质高产关键生产技术分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(14): 2673-2685.

LOU ShanWei, TIAN LiWen, LUO HongHai, DU MingWei, LIN Tao, YANG Tao, ZHANG PengZhong. Analysis on Key Production Techniques of Cotton with Good Quality and High Yield in Xinjiang[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(14): 2673-2685.

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品种类型 Variey types	品种数量No. of varieties	生育期 Growth period (d)	铃重 <BOLD>B</BOLD>oll weigh (g)	纤维长度<BOLD>L</BOLD>ength (mm)	纤维强度<BOLD>S</BOLD>trength (cN·tex^-1)	马克隆值Micronaire	高抗病品种数量 No. of high disease resistant varieties		抗病品种数量 No. of resistant varieties		丰产性 Prolificacy
品种类型 Variey types	品种数量No. of varieties	生育期 Growth period (d)	铃重 <BOLD>B</BOLD>oll weigh (g)	纤维长度<BOLD>L</BOLD>ength (mm)	纤维强度<BOLD>S</BOLD>trength (cN·tex^-1)	马克隆值Micronaire	枯萎病<BOLD>B</BOLD>light	黄萎病Verticillium wilt	枯萎病<BOLD>B</BOLD>light	黄萎病Verticillium wilt	丰产性 Prolificacy
南疆早中熟陆地棉 Early medium maturingupland cotton in southen Xinjiag	61	135.0	5.9	30.5	31.1	4.6	45	0	10	4	好Good
北疆特早熟陆地棉 North Xinjiag extra early maturingupland cotton	62	123.4	5.8	30.3	30.6	4.4	43	1	18	1	突出Prominent

次数 <BOLD>T</BOLD>imes	灌水时间 Irrigation time (M/D-M/D)	灌水量 Irrigation volume (m³)	肥料Fertilizer
次数 <BOLD>T</BOLD>imes	灌水时间 Irrigation time (M/D-M/D)	灌水量 Irrigation volume (m³)	N (kg)	P₂O₅ (kg)	K₂O (kg)	B (g)	Zn (g)
1	4/10-4/25	15-30
2	6/10-6/15	30-35	1.5-2.0
3	6/20-6/25	25-30	1.5-2.0	0.5-0.8	0.5-0.8	30	10
4	7/1-7/5	25-30	2.0-2.5	0.8-1.2	0.5-0.8	50
5	7/10-7/15	30-35	2.0-2.5	0.8-1.2	0.5-0.8	50
6	7/15-7/20	35-40	3.0	0.8-1.2	0.5-1.0
7	7/20-7/25	35-40	3.0	0.8-1.2	0.5-1.0
8	8/1-8/10	25-30	2.0-2.5	0.5-0.8	0.5-0.8
9	8/10-8/20	25-30	1.5-2.0
10	8/20-8/30	20	1.0-1.5
总计Total		265-320	17.5-21	4.2-6.4	3.0-5.2	130	10

新疆棉花优质高产关键生产技术分析

Analysis on Key Production Techniques of Cotton with Good Quality and High Yield in Xinjiang

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