土壤添加西兰花残体对棉花根际土壤酶活性的影响及其与碳代谢特征的关系

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.11.005

中国农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (11): 2092-2105.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.11.005

土壤添加西兰花残体对棉花根际土壤酶活性的影响及其与碳代谢特征的关系

赵卫松¹(), 郭庆港¹, 李社增¹, 鹿秀云¹, 勾建军², 马平¹()

¹ 河北省农林科学院植物保护研究所/河北省农业有害生物综合防治工程技术研究中心/农业农村部华北北部作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室，河北保定 071000
² 河北省植保植检总站，石家庄 050031

收稿日期:2023-03-01 接受日期:2023-04-03 出版日期:2023-06-01 发布日期:2023-06-19
通信作者: 马平，Tel：0312-5915678；E-mail：pingma88@126.com
联系方式: 赵卫松，Tel：0312-5927076；E-mail：zhaoweisong1985@163.com。
基金资助:
河北省重点研发计划(22326509D); 国家棉花产业技术体系(CARS-15-19); 河北省自然科学基金(C2022301036)

Effect of Broccoli Residues on Enzyme Activity of Cotton Rhizosphere Soil and Relationships Between Enzyme Activity and Carbon Metabolism Characteristics

ZHAO WeiSong¹(), GUO QingGang¹, LI SheZeng¹, LU XiuYun¹, GOU JianJun², MA Ping¹()

¹ Plant Protection Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/IPM Centre of Hebei Province/Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding 071000, Hebei
² Hebei Plant Protection and Inspection Station, Shijiazhuang 050031

Received:2023-03-01 Accepted:2023-04-03 Published:2023-06-01 Online:2023-06-19

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究土壤添加西兰花残体（broccoli residues，BR）对棉花根际土壤酶活性的影响及其与根际土壤微生物碳源利用能力之间的关系，为揭示土壤添加西兰花残体对棉花防病、促生的生态机制提供理论依据。【方法】设置棉田土壤添加西兰花残体和未添加西兰花残体（CK）两个处理，以不同处理的棉花根际土壤为研究对象，测定土壤过氧化物酶、中性磷酸酶、芳基硫酸酯酶、几丁质酶、脲酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶和N-乙酰-β-D-葡萄糖苷酶活性；利用Biolog-ECO平板研究不同处理的Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数、Pielou指数、McIntosh指数及丰富度指数，揭示微生物群落结构的功能多样性；采用主成分分析比较不同处理的根际土壤微生物代谢活性特征，冗余分析土壤酶活性与不同类型碳源利用能力之间的相关性。【结果】与空白对照相比，BR处理的棉花株高、果枝数和结铃数显著增加，增幅分别为12.73%、16.95%和10.36%；棉花黄萎病病情指数显著降低，达64.19%。BR处理显著提高了棉花根际土壤pH、硝态氮和有机质含量。BR处理对根际土壤微生物功能多样性指数不存在显著影响，但改变了根际土壤微生物的代谢活性。同时，BR处理显著提高了不同营养元素循环相关酶活性，其中在碳循环方面，过氧化物酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶的活性分别为对照的2.70和1.95倍；在氮循环方面，脲酶、几丁质酶和N-乙酰-β-D-葡萄糖苷酶的活性分别为对照的1.42、1.59和1.52倍；在磷循环方面，中性磷酸酶的活性为对照的1.33倍；在硫循环方面，芳基硫酸酯酶的活性为对照的1.22倍。冗余分析表明，BR处理的土壤酶活性与L-苯基丙氨酸、L-苏氨酸、肝糖、2-羟基苯甲酸、衣康酸和D-苹果酸的利用能力均存在正相关性。【结论】土壤添加西兰花残体显著提高了营养元素循环相关酶的活性，改变了棉花根际土壤微生物的碳代谢活性，并提高了根际土壤pH、硝态氮和有机质含量。同时，土壤酶活性与微生物碳代谢特征存在不同程度的相关性。

关键词: 西兰花残体, 棉花, 营养循环, 土壤酶, 根际微生物, Biolog-ECO, 碳代谢特征

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this study is to research the effect of broccoli residues (BR) on enzyme activity of cotton rhizosphere soil and relationships between enzyme activity and carbon source utilization capacity, and to provide a theoretical basis for revealing the ecological mechanism of BR to prevent Verticillium wilt disease and promote the growth of cotton.【Method】In this study, soil treated with BR and soil treated without BR (CK) were set, and the activities of peroxidase, neutral phosphatase, arylsulfatase, chitinase, urease, β-glucosidase and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase in the rhizosphere soil of different treatments were determined, respectively. Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index, Pielou index, McIntosh index, and richness index of different treatments were studied by Biolog-ECO technology. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to compare the characteristics of microbial metabolic activity in rhizosphere soil under different treatments, and redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to analyze the correlations between soil enzyme activity and the utilization capacity of different types of carbon sources.【Result】Compared with the CK, the plant height, branch and boll numbers treated with BR significantly increased by 12.73%, 16.95%, and 10.36%, respectively. The disease index of cotton Verticillium wilt treated with BR decreased by 64.19%. BR treatment significantly increased pH, nitrate nitrogen (NO₃^--N) and organic matter (OM) contents in rhizosphere soil. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in the functional diversity index of rhizosphere microorganisms between treatments. However, BR changed the metabolic activities of rhizosphere microorganisms. BR treatment significantly increased the activity of enzymes related to cycles of different nutrient elements. In the aspect of carbon cycle, the activity of peroxidase and β-glucosidase was 2.70 and 1.95 times that of the control, respectively. In the nitrogen cycle, the activity of urease, chitinase and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosidase was 1.42, 1.59 and 1.52 times that of the control, respectively. In the phosphorus cycle, the activity of neutral phosphatase was 1.33 times that of the control. In the sulfur cycle, the activity of arylsulfatase was 1.22 times that of the control. RDA showed that soil enzyme activities under the treatment of BR were positively correlated with the utilization capacity of L-phenylalanine, L-threonine, glycogen, 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, itaconic acid, and D-malic acid, respectively.【Conclusion】BR changed the carbon metabolic activity of rhizosphere soil microorganisms, significantly increased the activity of soil nutrient cycling-related enzymes, pH, nitrate nitrogen, and organic matter contents in rhizosphere soil. Meanwhile, different degrees of correlations were found between soil enzyme activity and carbon metabolism characteristics.

Key words: broccoli residues, cotton, nutrient cycle, soil enzyme, rhizosphere microorganism, Biolog-ECO, carbon metabolism characteristics

赵卫松, 郭庆港, 李社增, 鹿秀云, 勾建军, 马平. 土壤添加西兰花残体对棉花根际土壤酶活性的影响及其与碳代谢特征的关系[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(11): 2092-2105.

ZHAO WeiSong, GUO QingGang, LI SheZeng, LU XiuYun, GOU JianJun, MA Ping. Effect of Broccoli Residues on Enzyme Activity of Cotton Rhizosphere Soil and Relationships Between Enzyme Activity and Carbon Metabolism Characteristics[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(11): 2092-2105.

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调查指标 Investigation index	处理Treatment
调查指标 Investigation index	空白对照 CK	西兰花残体 BR
病情指数Disease index	30.83±7.24a	11.04±4.14b
株高Plant height (cm)	120.33±6.70b	135.65±1.29a
地径Ground diameter (cm)	2.10±0.07a	2.00±0.12a
植株鲜重Plant fresh weight (kg)	1.29±0.18a	1.55±0.30a
植株干重Plant dry weight (kg)	0.31±0.04a	0.37±0.07a
地下鲜重Underground fresh weight (kg)	0.065±0.0035a	0.076±0.0136a
地下干重Underground dry weight (kg)	0.018±0.0009a	0.021±0.0037a
果枝数（个/株）Branch number	14.75±1.48b	17.25±1.70a
结铃数（个/株）Boll number	30.89±2.90b	34.09±0.35a
产量Yield (kg/667 m²)	326.85±26.80a	349.57±42.09a

处理 Treatment	检测指标Index
处理 Treatment	pH	铵态氮NH₄⁺-N (mg·kg^-1)	硝态氮NO₃^--N (mg·kg^-1)	无机磷IP (μg·g^-1)	有机质OM (%)
西兰花残体BR	8.64±0.01a	11.99±0.23b	7.20±0.07a	4628.74±23.73a	0.74±0.03a
空白对照CK	8.54±0.02b	19.32±0.12a	5.75±0.27b	4582.78±41.25a	0.62±0.02b

处理 Treatment	优势度指数 Simpson index (D)	香浓指数 Shannon-Wiener index (H)	McIntosh指数 McIntosh index (U)	丰富度指数 Richness index (R)	均匀度指数 Pielou index (J)
西兰花残体BR	0.9597±0.0008a	3.2827±0.0048a	7.8398±0.2625a	28.33±0.58a	0.9606±0.0079a
空白对照CK	0.9588±0.0010a	3.2586±0.0164a	8.1877±0.2030a	27.33±0.58a	0.9520±0.0082a

土壤添加西兰花残体对棉花根际土壤酶活性的影响及其与碳代谢特征的关系

Effect of Broccoli Residues on Enzyme Activity of Cotton Rhizosphere Soil and Relationships Between Enzyme Activity and Carbon Metabolism Characteristics

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