最新录用：长期秸秆配施化肥下土壤团聚体碳氮分布、微生物量与小麦产量的协同效应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.220258

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究秸秆配施化肥对暗棕壤团聚体组成、团聚体碳氮含量、土壤微生物量特征及小麦产量的影响，揭示长期秸秆配施化肥下土壤肥力和生产力的协同提升机制。【方法】依托长期定位40年施肥试验，选取4个处理：单施化肥（NP）、秸秆配施化肥（S+NP）、秸秆配施1/2化肥（S+1/2NP）、秸秆配施1/4化肥（S+1/4NP），其中秸秆为麦秸隔年还田，用量为3 000 kg·hm^-2，化肥NP用量为N 150 kg·hm^-2、P₂O₅ 150 kg·hm^-2。采集0—20 cm土层土样，利用湿筛法得到不同粒级的水稳性团聚体，测定团聚体中有机碳（SOC）、氮含量及土壤微生物量碳（SMBC）、微生物量氮（SMBN）含量。【结果】（1）长期秸秆配施化肥显著降低土壤容重并提高了团聚体稳定性，和NP相比，S+NP处理土壤容重降低4.7%，>2 mm团聚体含量、平均重量直径（MWD）和几何重量直径（GWD）分别提升254.4%、76.5%和91.3%。（2）秸秆配施化肥3个处理相比，S+NP、S+1/2NP处理>2 mm团聚体百分含量、MWD和GWD显著高于S+1/4NP，分别增加了49.1%—52.4%，19.43%—22.4% 和24.2%—33.3%。（3）S+NP、S+1/2NP、S+1/4NP和NP相比增加了>2 mm和>0.25mm团聚体对SOC、全氮贡献率，并显著提高全土SOC、SMBC和SMBN含量；其中，SOC含量在S+NP中最高，比S+1/2NP、S+1/4NP高6.3%和12.6%。（4）产量表现为S+NP>NP>S+1/2NP>S+1/4NP处理，S+NP比其他处理提高小麦产量5.83%—83.6%。（5）土壤团聚体稳定性、SOC含量及小麦产量之间有较好的相关性，>2 mm和>0.25 mm团聚体含量、MWD和GWD分别与全土SOC含量及小麦产量呈显著或极显著正相关。【结论】暗棕壤地区在长期秸秆还田条件下，配施化肥量150 kgN·hm^-²、150 kg P₂O₅·hm^-²时能提高土壤团聚体稳定性、有机碳含量、微生物生物量和小麦产量，最大化实现土壤结构改良、肥力提升和作物增产的协同效应。

关键词: 长期秸秆还田, 化肥, 暗棕壤, 水稳性团聚体, 碳氮含量, 微生物生物量, 产量

Abstract: 【Objective】The effects of long-term straw combined application of chemical fertilizers on the content of aggregates, distributions of aggregate-associated organic carbon and nitrogen, and soil microbial biomass were studied to reveal the promotion of soil fertility and productivity. 【Method】Soil samples were collected from a 40-year long-term experiment. The research is conducted with 4 treatments：pure chemical fertilizer（NP），straw with chemical fertilizer (S+NP), straw with 1/2 chemical fertilizer (S+1/2NP), and straw with 1/4 chemical fertilizer (S+1/4NP), and the straw is returned with the amount of 3 000 kg·hm^-², chemical fertilizer NP is pure N 150 kg·hm^-2，P₂O₅ 150 kg·hm^-2 conducted. All soils samples were separated into four aggregate-size classes (>2 mm, 0.25-2 mm, 0.053-0.25 mm and <0.053 mm) by wet sieving. Organic carbon and total nitrogen contents of aggregates and soil microbial biomass content were measured. 【Result】(1) Long-term application of chemical fertilizers with straw reduced soil bulk density while improved the stability of aggregates. Compared with NP, the bulk density of S+NP decreased by 4.7%, while the proportion of aggregates >2 mm in size，the average weight diameter (MWD) and geometric weight diameter (GWD) increased by 254.4%, 76.5% and 91.3%, respectively. (2) In the three chemical fertilizers combined with straw return, the percentage of aggregates >2 mm, MWD and GWD in the S+NP and S+1/2NP were significantly increased by 49.1%-52.4%，19.43%-22.4% 和24.2%-33.3% compared with S+1/4NP, respectively. (3) Compared with NP, S+NP, S+1/2NP and S+1/4NP increased the contribution rate of aggregates >2 mm and >0.25 mm to SOC and total nitrogen, and significantly improved the SOC, SMBC and SMBN content in bulk soil. Among them, the SOC content was highest in S+NP, which was 6.3% and 12.6% higher than that in S+1/2NP and S+1/4NP, respectively. (4) The yield was showed that S+NP>NP>S+1/2NP>S+1/4NP, and S+NP increased wheat yield by 5.83%-83.6% compared with other treatments. (5) Positive correlation was revealed between soil aggregate stability, carbon and nitrogen content and crop yield, and >2 mm aggregate content, MWD and GWD are significantly or extremely significant with the total soil SOC, SMBC content and wheat yield, respectively.【Conclusion】In the dark brown soil area, long-term straw returning and fertilizer application of 150 kg·hm^-2 and P₂O₅ 150 kg·hm^-2can improve aggregate stability, soil organic carbon content, microbial biomass and yield, and maximize the To achieve the synergistic effect of soil structure improvement, fertility improvement and crop yield increase.

Key words: long-term straw returned, chemical fertilizer , dark brown soil, water-stable aggregates, carbon and nitrogen content, microbial biomass, yield

韩紫璇, 房静静, 武雪萍, 姜宇, 宋霄君, 刘晓彤. 最新录用：长期秸秆配施化肥下土壤团聚体碳氮分布、微生物量与小麦产量的协同效应[J]. 中国农业科学, 0, (): 1-.

HAN ZiXuan, FANG JingJing, WU XuePing, JIANG Yu, SONG XiaoJun, LIU XiaoTong. Synergistic Effects of Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Contents in Water-Stable Aggregates, and Microbial Biomass on Crop Yield Under Long-term Straw Combined Chemical Fertilizers Application[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 0, (): 1-.

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最新录用：长期秸秆配施化肥下土壤团聚体碳氮分布、微生物量与小麦产量的协同效应

Synergistic Effects of Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Contents in Water-Stable Aggregates, and Microbial Biomass on Crop Yield Under Long-term Straw Combined Chemical Fertilizers Application

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