中国农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (7): 1319-1331.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.07.005

• 耕作栽培·生理生化·农业信息技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

干旱灌区小麦间作玉米麦后复种绿肥的可持续性分析

苟志文(),殷文(),柴强(),樊志龙,胡发龙,赵财,于爱忠,范虹   

  1. 省部共建干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室/甘肃农业大学农学院,兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2021-06-13 接受日期:2021-10-08 出版日期:2022-04-01 发布日期:2022-04-18
  • 通讯作者: 柴强
  • 作者简介:苟志文,E-mail: gouzhiw@163.com。|殷文,E-mail: yinwen@gsau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划子项目(2021YFD1700202-02);国家绿肥产业技术体系(CARS-22-G-12);甘肃省科协青年人才托举工程项目(2020-12);甘肃省高等学校科研项目(2021B-134);甘肃农业大学伏羲青年人才项目(Gaufx-03Y10)

Analysis of Sustainability of Multiple Cropping Green Manure in Wheat-Maize Intercropping After Wheat Harvested in Arid Irrigation Areas

GOU ZhiWen(),YIN Wen(),CHAI Qiang(),FAN ZhiLong,HU FaLong,ZHAO Cai,YU AiZhong,FAN Hong   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070
  • Received:2021-06-13 Accepted:2021-10-08 Online:2022-04-01 Published:2022-04-18
  • Contact: Qiang CHAI

摘要:

【目的】针对干旱灌区传统生产模式的资源利用率和产投比低等问题,研究小麦间作玉米集成麦后复种绿肥的光能利用率、灌溉水生产力及经济效益表现,结合试区常规种植模式,评价不同种植模式的可持续性,对于干旱灌区农业生产的节本增收有重要指导意义。【方法】2018—2020年,在河西绿洲灌区设置田间定位试验,研究了不同种植模式(春小麦间作玉米小麦收后复种绿肥(W-G//M)、春小麦间作玉米(W//M)、春小麦复种绿肥(W-G)、单作玉米(M)、单作春小麦(W))对生产系统叶日积、籽粒产量、光能利用率、灌溉水生产力以及经济效益的影响,综合以上相关指标,对各种植模式的可持续性进行评价。【结果】随着试验年度的延长,春小麦收后复种绿肥能显著提高主栽作物全生育期的总叶日积。W-G//M较W//M的叶日积提高了7.7%—7.8%。间作较单作以及麦后复种绿肥模式均能提高主栽作物籽粒产量,但同时也提高了生产成本的投入。2018和2019年,W-G//M处理和W//M处理的混合籽粒产量无显著差异,而2020年,W-G//M处理较W//M处理的籽粒产量提高了8.7%。W-G//M处理较M、W-G和W处理的纯收益分别提高16.7%—26.5%、78.5%—132.2%和35.9%—78.8%。2018年,W-G//M较W//M处理的纯收益降低了7.2%,但是2019和2020年,二者的纯收益无显著差异,且产投比也具有相似的趋势。复种绿肥能显著提高作物光能利用率,W-G//M处理较W//M处理的光能利用率提高了7.2%—14.1%;W-G处理较W处理的光能利用率提高了23.5%—52.1%。W-G处理较W处理的灌溉水生产力显著降低,降低了48.6%—54.3%(灌溉水利用效率)和30.9%—39.8%(单方灌溉水经济效益),而W-G//M处理和W//M处理的灌溉水生产力无显著差异。综合3年试验结果,W-G//M处理较其余4个处理的可持续性显著提高。【结论】在干旱绿洲灌区,间作以及麦后复种绿肥能提高主栽作物籽粒产量和经济效益,且灌溉水生产力和光能利用率也随之提高,进而使得该模式的可持续性提高,因此,春小麦间作玉米结合小麦收后复种绿肥技术可作为提高资源利用以及农民收益的可持续种植模式。

关键词: 麦后复种, 豆科绿肥, 经济效益, 灌溉水生产力, 可持续评价

Abstract:

【Objective】In the oasis irrigated agricultural region, the low resource utilization efficiency and the ratio of output/input are the most prominent constraints for crop production. In this study, the characteristics of light use efficiency, irrigation water productivity and economic benefit in different cropping patterns were investigated in the areas. Research on the sustainability of different cropping patterns would benefit crop production to save cost and increase income in this region. 【Method】A field experiment was carried out in a typical arid irrigation area, Wuwei, Gansu province, from 2018 to 2020, to determine the effects of different cropping patterns on leaf area duration, grain yields light utilization efficiency, irrigation water productivity and economic benefit of crops. The sustainability of different cropping patterns was evaluated based on the above indexes. 【Result】Multiple cropping of green manure after spring wheat harvested significantly increased the leaf area duration of the main-cultivate crops during the whole growth period. W-G//M increased leaf area duration of the main-cultivate crops by 7.7%-7.8%, compared with W//M. Compared with sole cropping and spring wheat-green manure multiple cropping, the intercropping increased the grain yield of main-cultivate crops and the inputs of production cost, simultaneously. There was no significant difference in the total grain yield between W-G//M and W//M in 2018 and 2019. However, W-G//M increased the total grain yield by 8.7% in comparison to W//M in 2020. Compared with M, W-G and W, W-G//M increased net return by 16.7%-26.5%, 78.5%-132.2% and 35.9%-78.8%, respectively. In two intercropping patterns, the net return of the W-G//M decreased by 7.2% in comparison to W//M treatment in 2018. However, the net return of two intercropping treatments showed not significantly different in 2019 and 2020, and the ratio of output/input showed a similar result. Multi-planting green manure after wheat harvested could significantly improve the light use efficiency of crops. W-G//M treatment increased light use efficiency by 7.2%-14.1% compared with W//M. The light use efficiency under W-G was increased by 23.5%-52.1% in comparison to W treatment. Compared with W, the productivity of irrigation water under W-G was significantly reduced by 48.6%-54.3% (irrigation water use efficiency) and 30.9%-39.8% (Economic benefit per cubic meter irrigation water), while there was no significant difference in the productivity of irrigation water under W-G//M and W//M. W-G//M had the highest sustainability index across three years. 【Conclusion】Grain yield of main-cultivate crops and economic benefits were improved by intercropping and multiple cropping green manure after wheat harvested. The irrigation water productivity and light utilization efficiency were also increased, thereby improved the sustainability of this cropping pattern. Therefore, multiple cropping green manure after wheat harvested in wheat/maize intercropping could be used as a high-efficient utilization of resources and sustainable cropping pattern in arid irrigation areas.

Key words: multiple cropping after wheat harvest, leguminous green manure, economic benefit, irrigation water productivity, sustainability evaluation