多效唑对杨梅土壤微生物及内生群落结构的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.17.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】多效唑常用在杨梅上用来催化花芽分化,过量施用会使树势衰弱、叶片卷曲皱缩。研究过量多效唑对杨梅根围土和根表土的土壤酶活性以及杨梅树体微生物群落结构的影响,为合理使用多效唑提供理论指导。【方法】1年生‘东魁’杨梅嫁接苗种植在经150、300和600 mg∙kg^-1多效唑处理的酸性红壤,不施用多效唑为对照。检测根围土、根表土、根、枝和叶中多效唑的积累量,测定土壤酶活性,利用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序研究多效唑对根围土、根表土、根、枝和叶中微生物群落结构的影响。【结果】杨梅叶片积累多效唑量最多,过氧化氢酶和磷酸酶活性显著降低,蔗糖酶活性显著提高。高浓度多效唑处理下,根围土的细菌多样性和丰富度明显降低,真菌多样性和丰富度明显升高,而根表土内的细菌多样性和丰富度明显升高、真菌多样性和丰富度明显降低,根内细菌、枝内真菌的多样性和丰富度均明显降低。在细菌群落结构组成分析中,施用多效唑后,明显降低杨梅根以及根围、根表土壤中酸杆菌门、放线菌门、厚壁菌门、绿弯菌门以及重要的生防类菌芽孢杆菌纲的相对丰度,增加根围土壤和枝条样品中伯克霍尔德菌属的相对丰度;而在真菌群落结构组成分析中,施用多效唑后,明显提高根围土壤和根表土壤的子囊菌门以及枝条叶片中外担菌纲的相对丰度,明显降低根围土壤、根表土壤和根中担子菌门、伞菌纲以及枝条和叶片中青霉属的相对丰度。【结论】土壤施用多效唑后,杨梅树体叶片残留量最多,土壤过氧化氢酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶活性显著变化,根围土、根表土、根、枝和叶中细菌、真菌丰富度和多样性发生显著变化。本研究结果可为合理施用多效唑和评价多效唑对果园土壤和杨梅树体生态系统的影响提供科学依据,有利于指导多效唑的科学施用。

关键词: 杨梅, 多效唑, 土壤酶活性, 微生物群落

Abstract:

【Objective】 Paclobutrazol is commonly used to catalyze flower bud differentiation in bayberry, however, excessive application will weaken the vigor of the trees with curled and shrank leaves. The study focused on the influence of paclobutrazol overuse on the enzyme activities of the bulk and root surface soil as well as plant and soil microbial community structure of bayberry, which would provide the theoretical guidance for the rational use of paclobutrazol. 【Method】 The grafted seedlings of one-year-old bayberry cv. ‘Dongkui’ were planted in the acid red soil and treated with 150, 300 and 600 mg∙kg ^-1 paclobutrazol, and the control was treated with the same volume of water. The accumulation of paclobutrazol was measured in the bulk and root surface soil, as well as roots, twigs and leaves of bayberry. The influence of paclobutrazol on bayberry associated microbe was determined by examining the soil enzyme activities and the microbial community structure of bulk and root surface soil, roots, twigs and leaves by using Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing. 【Result】 The results showed that the most accumulation of paclobutrazol was in leaves, while the activities of catalase and phosphatase were significantly decreased, but the activities of invertase were significantly increased. The high concentration application of paclobutrazol significantly decreased diversity and richness of bacteria and increased the diversity and richness of fungi in bulk soil, which significantly increased the diversity and richness of bacteria and increased the diversity and richness fungi in surface root soil, while the diversity and richness of both root bacteria and branches fungi were significantly decreased. After the application of paclobutrazol, the relative abundance of Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Chloroflexi and important biocontrol bacteria Bacilli in bayberry root, root bulk and root surface soil were significantly reduced, and those of Burkholderia in root bulk soil and twigs were increased in the bacterial community composition; the relative abundance of Ascomycota in root bulk soils and root surface soils, those of Exobasidiomycetes in twigs and leaves were significantly increased, and those of Basidiomycota and Agaricomycetes in root bulk soil, root surface soil and roots, and Penicillium in twigs and leaves were significantly decreased in the analysis of fungal community composition. 【Conclusion】 The most residue was found in leaves of bayberry plant after soil application of paclobutrazol. The overuse of paclobutrazol caused a significant change in the activities of catalase, phosphatase and sucrase treated soils, as well as the richness and diversity of bacteria and fungi in the bulk and root surface soil, roots, branches and leaves of the bayberry trees. Overall, the results of this study not only gave an understanding on the influence of paclobutrazol on bayberry and orchard soil ecosystem, but also provided a theoretical basis for the rational application of paclobutrazol.

Key words: bayberry, paclobutrazol, soil enzyme activity, microbial community

任海英,周慧敏,戚行江,郑锡良,俞浙萍,张淑文,王震铄. 多效唑对杨梅土壤微生物及内生群落结构的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(17): 3752-3765.

REN HaiYing,ZHOU HuiMin,QI XingJiang,ZHENG XiLiang,YU ZhePing,ZHANG ShuWen,WANG ZhenShuo. Effects of Paclobutrazol on Soil and Endophytic Microbial Community Structure of Bayberry[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(17): 3752-3765.

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链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.17.016

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2021/V54/I17/3752

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样品 Sample	处理 Treatment	残留量 Residues (mg∙kg^-1)	样品 Sample	处理 Treatment	残留量 Residues (mg∙kg^-1)
土壤 Soil	P0	0c	枝条 Twig	P0	0c
	P150	0.39±0.11c		P150	0.01±0.00c
	P300	0.48±0.14c		P300	2.59±1.59b
	P600	0.93±0.47c		P600	3.97±0.57b
根 Root	P0	0c	叶 Leaf	P0	0c
	P150	0.17±0.07c		P150	0.39±0.33c
	P300	0.60±0.15c		P300	3.17±2.31b
	P600	0.93±0.21c		P600	7.83±2.65a

处理 Treatment	过氧化氢酶 Catalase (mL·g^-1)	磷酸酶 Phosphatase (mg·g^-1·d^-1)	蔗糖酶 Sucrase (mg·g^-1·d^-1)	纤维素酶 Cellulase (mg·g^-1)
P0	0.90±0.08ab	7.53±0.19a	0.87±0.09b	0.41±0.04b
P150	1.11±0.07a	6.16±0.23a	1.57±0.09a	0.26±0.03c
P300	0.82±0.08b	1.74±0.74b	1.41±0.11a	0.52±0.02a
P600	0.77±0.05b	2.78±0.75b	1.39±0.24a	0.21±0.03c

样品 Sample	细菌Bacteria		真菌Fungi
样品 Sample	Chao1	Shannon	Chao1	Shannon
SF0	901.79	7.44	232.11	3.68
SFP	918.46	8.28*	99.90^#	1.02^#
BS0	986.33	7.86	23.10	0.21
BSP	784.70^#	7.25	200.39*	3.95*
R0	904.40	5.94	80.70	2.22
RP	615.38^#	3.66^#	63.03^#	2.62*
T0	14.40	0.50	205.29	4.00
TP	7.80^#	0.68*	93.47^#	1.74^#
L0	5.00	0.30	151.61	3.03
LP	5.00	0.39*	179.78*	3.00