两种典型水稻土中秸秆碳转化的微生物过程

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.13.007

中国农业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (13): 2268-2279.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.13.007

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

两种典型水稻土中秸秆碳转化的微生物过程

仇存璞^1,²,陈晓芬³,刘明^1,²,李委涛¹,吴萌¹,江春玉¹,冯有智^1,²(),李忠佩^1,²()

1 中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,南京 210008
2 中国科学院大学,北京 100049
3 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所,南昌 330200

收稿日期:2018-12-22 接受日期:2019-03-11 出版日期:2019-07-01 发布日期:2019-07-11
通讯作者: 冯有智,李忠佩
作者简介:仇存璞,Tel：025-86881313;E-mail：cpqiu@issas.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41430859);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0301104-01);中国博士后基金(2018M640530)

Microbial Transformation Process of Straw-Derived C in Two Typical Paddy Soils

QIU CunPu^1,²,CHEN XiaoFen³,LIU Ming^1,²,LI WeiTao¹,WU Meng¹,JIANG ChunYu¹,FENG YouZhi^1,²(),LI ZhongPei^1,²()

1 State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008
2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
3 Soil and Fertilizer & Resources and Environment Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200;

Received:2018-12-22 Accepted:2019-03-11 Online:2019-07-01 Published:2019-07-11
Contact: YouZhi FENG,ZhongPei LI

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究土壤中秸秆腐解速率、腐解过程中微生物群落结构变化和参与秸秆腐解的功能微生物群落组成,为揭示土壤有机质转化和积累的微生物学机制提供理论依据。【方法】以我国亚热带两种典型水稻土——常熟乌栅土和鹰潭红壤性水稻土为研究对象,设置不添加秸秆（CK）和添加 ¹³C标记的水稻秸秆（RS）处理,厌氧恒温培养38 d,在培养过程中定期测定气体释放量,研究秸秆矿化速率的动态变化;采集土壤样品,利用 ¹³C-PLFA-SIP技术分析参与秸秆降解的微生物群落的动态变化。【结果】培养前12 d,秸秆降解缓慢,此时秸秆对土壤有机质（SOM）产生正激发效应;培养12-18 d秸秆快速降解,18 d后趋缓。培养结束时,秸秆碳在红壤性水稻土和乌栅土中的矿化率分别为24%和33%。秸秆碳对CO₂和CH₄贡献率随培养时间的延长而增加,在培养末期分别为53%-60%和54%-57%。添加秸秆可以提高土壤微生物生物量及微生物活性,乌栅土微生物活性高于红壤性水稻土。16:0（一般细菌）是参与秸秆分解主要类群,i16:0和i15:0（G ⁺细菌）和18:1ω9c（真菌）也是参与秸秆分解的重要微生物类群。随培养时间增加,G ⁺细菌和放线菌的相对丰度增加,G ^-细菌呈降低趋势。红壤性水稻土和乌栅土PLFAs中标记利用秸秆碳的PLFAs的比例分别为27%-32%和18%-24%。真菌和一般细菌对秸秆碳的利用效率较高,而土壤原有有机质（SOM）矿化主要与G ^-和放线菌相关联。添加秸秆造成乌栅土和红壤性水稻土两种水稻土微生物群落结构呈现明显差异,但分解利用外源秸秆碳的微生物群落结构相似,而分解利用SOM微生物群落结构有差异。【结论】秸秆厌氧降解过程中秸秆碳的矿化滞后于土壤自身SOM;不同本底微生物活性和多样性是影响秸秆碳矿化速率的重要因素;添加秸秆后不同土壤微生物群落结构的差异主要是参与SOM降解的微生物差异,土壤原SOM是导致这种差异的重要因素。

关键词: 秸秆降解, ¹³C-PLFA-SIP, 水稻土, 微生物群落

Abstract:

【Objective】 The straw degradation rate, microbial community structure changes and functional microbial community composition involved in straw decomposition in soils were researched, and the research results could provide the theoretical foundation for revealing microbial mechanism of the soil organic matter transformation and accumulation. 【Method】 Two typical subtropical paddy soil in China, including Changshu Wushan soil and Yingtan Red paddy soil, were collected as the research materials. We anaerobically incubated the soils with/without ¹³C-enriched rice straw for 38 days. Gaseous samples were regularly collected to investigate mineralization rate of straw in dynamic changes. The soil samples were collected to analyze the dynamic changes of the microbial community composition related to straw decomposition by using ¹³C-PLFA-SIP technology. 【Result】 At the early stage before day 12 of the anaerobic culture, straw degraded slowly, and straw had positive priming effect on soil organic matter (SOM). At the stage of day 12-18, straw degraded rapidly and then the rate tended to be slow after day 18. At the end of incubation, straw mineralization rate was 24% and 33% in Red paddy soil and Wushan soil, respectively. The contribution of straw C to C efflux increased with incubation time, which was 53%-60% and 54%-57% to CO₂ and CH₄ efflux, respectively. The microbial biomass and activity were improved in the soil with straw, and the microbial activity in Wushan soil was higher than that in Red paddy soil. During straw degradation, 16:0 (general bacteria) was the main groups. i16:0, i15:0 (G ⁺ bacteria) and 18:1ω9c (fungi) were also important microbial groups involved in straw degradation. The relative abundance of straw-derived gram-positive (G ⁺) bacteria and actinomycetes increased and gram-positive (G ^-) bacteria decreased with incubation time. The proportions of straw-derived PLFAs were 27%-32% and 18%-24% in Red paddy soil and Wushan soil PLFAs, respectively. The straw utilization efficiency was higher in fungi and general bacteria, while G ^- bacterial and actinomycetes PLFAs were preferentially linked to extant soil organic matter (SOM) mineralization. The microbial community composition was different between Wushan soil and Red paddy soil with rice straw. The straw-derived microbial community composition was similar in two soils, but the SOM-derived microorganisms were differences. 【Conclusion】 The mineralization of straw C lagged behind extant SOM during anaerobic straw degradation. The microbial activity and diversity in soil were important factors influencing the efficiency of straw mineralization. After adding straw in soil, it’s showed differences from the microbial community composition, which were mainly involved in the differences between SOM-derived microorganisms, and SOM was an important factor leading to these differences.

Key words: rice straw degradation, ¹³C-PLFA-SIP, paddy soil, microbial community

仇存璞, 陈晓芬, 刘明, 李委涛, 吴萌, 江春玉, 冯有智, 李忠佩. 两种典型水稻土中秸秆碳转化的微生物过程[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(13): 2268-2279.

QIU CunPu, CHEN XiaoFen, LIU Ming, LI WeiTao, WU Meng, JIANG ChunYu, FENG YouZhi, LI ZhongPei. Microbial Transformation Process of Straw-Derived C in Two Typical Paddy Soils[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(13): 2268-2279.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.13.007

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2019/V52/I13/2268

图/表 9

表1

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

表2

图7

参考文献 40

[1]	CHEN X F, LIU M, KUZYAKOV Y, LI W T, LIU J, JIANG C Y, WU M, LI Z P . Incorporation of rice straw carbon into dissolved organic matter and microbial biomass along a 100-year paddy soil chronosequence. Applied Soil Ecology, 2018,130:84-90. doi: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2018.06.004
[2]	SWIFT M H O, ANDERSON J . Decomposition In Terrestrial Ecosystems. Los Angeles: Univeristy of California Press, 1979.
[3]	RUI J, PENG J, LU Y . Succession of bacterial populations during plant residue decomposition in rice field soil. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2009,75(14):4879-4886. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00702-09
[4]	PEI J, LI H, LI S, AN T, FARMER J, FU S, WANG J . Dynamics of maize carbon contribution to soil organic carbon in association with soil type and fertility level. PLoS One, 2015,10(3):e0120825. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120825
[5]	TANG S R, CHENG W G, HU R G, GUIGUE J, KIMANI S M, TAWARAYA K, XU X K . Simulating the effects of soil temperature and moisture in the off-rice season on rice straw decomposition and subsequent CH₄ production during the growth season in a paddy soil. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2016,52(5):739-748. doi: 10.1007/s00374-016-1114-8
[6]	WANG X, SUN B, MAO J, SUI Y, CAO X . Structural convergence of maize and wheat straw during two-year decomposition under different climate conditions. Environmental Science and Technology, 2012,46(13):7159-7165. doi: 10.1021/es300522x
[7]	王玉竹, 周萍, 王娟, 马蓓, 刘翊涵, 吴金水 . 亚热带几种典型稻田与旱作土壤中外源输入秸秆的分解与转化差异. 生态学报, 2017,37(19):6457-6465.
	WANG Y Z, ZHOU P, WANG J, MA B, LIU Y H, WU J S . Decomposition and transformation of input straw in several typical paddy and upland soils in subtropical China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2017,37(19):6457-6465. (in Chinese)
[8]	MATSUYAMA T, NAKAJIMA Y, MATSUYA K, IKENAGA M, ASAKAWA S, KIMURA M . Bacterial community in plant residues in a Japanese paddy field estimated by RFLP and DGGE analyses. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2007,39(2):463-472. doi: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.08.016
[9]	喻曼, 曾光明, 陈耀宁, 郁红艳, 黄丹莲, 陈芙蓉 . PLFA法研究稻草固态发酵中的微生物群落结构变化. 环境科学, 2007,11:2603-2608.
	YU M, ZENG G M, CHEN Y N, YU H Y, HUANG D L, CHEN F R . Microbial community changes during the degradation of sraw using phospholipid fatty acid analysis. Environmental Science,2007, 11:2603-2608. (in Chinese)
[10]	LI P, LI Y C, ZHENG X Q, DING L N, MING F, PAN A H, LV W G, TANG X M . Rice straw decomposition affects diversity and dynamics of soil fungal community, but not bacteria. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2018,18(1):248-258. doi: 10.1007/s11368-017-1749-6
[11]	BASTIAN F, BOUZIRI L, NICOLARDOT B, RANJARD L . Impact of wheat straw decomposition on successional patterns of soil microbial community structure. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2009,41(2):262-275.
[12]	BLAGODATSKAYA E, KUZYAKOV Y . Mechanisms of real and apparent priming effects and their dependence on soil microbial biomass and community structure: critical review. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2008,45(2):115-131. doi: 10.1007/s00374-008-0334-y
[13]	BAI Z, LIANG C, BODE S, HUYGENS D, BOECKX P . Phospholipid C-13 stable isotopic probing during decomposition of wheat residues. Applied Soil Ecology, 2016,98:65-74. doi: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2015.09.009
[14]	窦森, 张晋京, LICHTFOUSE E, 曹亚澄, . 用δ ¹³C方法研究玉米秸秆分解期间土壤有机质数量动态变化. 土壤学报, 2003,3:328-334.
	DOU S, ZHANG J J, LICHTFOUSE E, CAO Y C . Study on dynamic change of soil organic matter during corn stalk decomposition by δ ¹³C method. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2003,3:328-334. (in Chinese)
[15]	PAN F X, LI Y Y, CHAPMAN S J, KHAN S, YAO H Y . Microbial utilization of rice straw and its derived biochar in a paddy soil. Science of the Total Environment, 2016,559:15-23. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.122
[16]	CROSSMAN Z M, ABRAHAM F, EVERSHED R P . Stable isotope pulse-chasing and compound specific stable carbon isotope analysis of phospholipid fatty acids to assess methane oxidizing bacterial populations in landfill cover soils. Environmental Science & Technology, 2004,38(5):1359-1367.
[17]	AOYAMA M, ANGERS D A, N'DAYEGAMIYE A, BISSONNETTE N . Metabolism of C-13-labeled glucose in aggregates from soils with manure application. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2000,32(3):295-300.
[18]	WILLIAMS M A, MYROLD D D, BOTTOMLEY P J . Carbon flow from C-13-labeled straw and root residues into the phospholipid fatty acids of a soil microbial community under field conditions. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2006,38(4):759-768.
[19]	BUYER J S, TEASDALE J R, ROBERTS D P, ZASADA I A, MAUL J E . Factors affecting soil microbial community structure in tomato cropping systems. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2010,42(5):831-841.
[20]	BLIGH E G, DYER W J . A rapid method of toal lipid extraction and purification. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology, 1959,37(8):911-917. doi: 10.1139/y59-099
[21]	ZHANG H, DING W, YU H, HE X . Carbon uptake by a microbial community during 30-day treatment with C-13-glucose of a sandy loam soil fertilized for 20 years with NPK or compost as determined by a GC-C-IRMS analysis of phospholipid fatty acids. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2013,57:228-236.
[22]	ZELLES L . Fatty acid patterns of phospholipids and lipopolysaccharides in the characterisation of microbial communities in soil: A review. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 1999,29(2):111-129. doi: 10.1007/s003740050533
[23]	YE R Z, DOANE T A, MORRIS J, HORWATH W R . The effect of rice straw on the priming of soil organic matter and methane production in peat soils. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2015,81:98-107.
[24]	MURASE J, MATSUI Y, KATOH M, SUGIMOTO A, KIMURA M . Incorporation of ¹³C-labeled rice-straw-derived carbon into microbial communities in submerged rice field soil and percolating water . Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2006,38(12):3483-3491.
[25]	JIN S, CHEN H . Near-infrared analysis of the chemical composition of rice straw. Industrial Crops and Products, 2007,26(2):207-211. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2007.03.004
[26]	KIMURA M, MIYAKI M, FUJINAKA K, MAIE N . Microbiota responsible for the decomposition of rice straw in a submerged paddy soil estimated from phospholipid fatty acid composition. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2001,47(3):569-578. doi: 10.1080/00380768.2001.10408420
[27]	吴景贵, 王明辉, 万忠梅, 姜亦梅, 吴江 . 玉米秸秆腐解过程中形成胡敏酸的组成和结构研究. 土壤学报, 2006,143(13):443-451.
	WU J G, WANG M H, WANG Z M, JIANG Y M, WU J . Chemical composition and structure of humic acid from composted corn stalk residue. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2006, 143(13):443-451. (in Chinese)
[28]	ZHU Z K, GE T D, LUO Y, LIU S L, XU X L, TONG C L, SHIBISTOVA O, GUGGENBERGER G, WU J S . Microbial stoichiometric flexibility regulates rice straw mineralization and its priming effect in paddy soil. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2018,121:67-76.
[29]	YE R Z, HORWATH W R . Influence of rice straw on priming of soil C for dissolved organic C and CH₄ production. Plant and Soil, 2017,417(1/2):231-241. doi: 10.1007/s11104-017-3254-5
[30]	FONTAINE S, BARDOUX G, BENEST D, VERDIER B, MARIOTTI A, ABBADIE L . Mechanisms of the priming effect in a savannah soil amended with cellulose. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2004,68(1):125-131. doi: 10.2136/sssaj2004.1250
[31]	AN T T, SCHAEFFER S, ZHUANG J, RADOSEVICH M, LI S Y, LI H, PEI J B, WANG J K . Dynamics and distribution of ¹³C-labeled straw carbon by microorganisms as affected by soil fertility levels in the black soil region of Northeast China. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2015, 51:605-613.
[32]	FONTAINE S, MARIOTTI A, ABBADIE L . The priming effect of organic matter: a question of microbial competition? Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2003,35(6):837-843.
[33]	王旭东, 陈鲜妮, 王彩霞, 田霄鸿, 吴发启 . 农田不同肥力条件下玉米秸秆腐解效果. 农业工程学报, 2009,25(10):252-257.
	WANG X D, CHEN X N, WANG C X, TIAN X H, WU Q F . Decomposition of corn stalk in cropland with different fertility. Transactions of the CSAE, 2009,25(10):252-257. (in Chinese)
[34]	孙星, 刘勤, 王德建, 张斌 . 长期秸秆还田对土壤肥力质量的影响. 土壤, 2007,39(5):782-786.
	SUN X, LIU Q, WANG D J, ZHANG B . Effect of long-term straw application on soil fertility. Soil, 2007,39(5):782-786. (in Chinese)
[35]	LI D D, CHEN L, XU J S H, MA L, Olk Dan C, ZHAO B Z, ZHANG J B, XIN X L . Chemical nature of soil organic carbon under different long-term fertilization regimes is coupled with changes in the bacterial community composition in a Calcaric Fluvisol. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2018,54(8):999-1012. doi: 10.1007/s00374-018-1319-0
[36]	. MARSCHNER P, KANDELER E, MARSCHNER B . Structure and function of the soil microbial community in a long-term fertilizer experiment. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2003,35(3):453-461.
[37]	MOORE-KUCERA J, DICK R P . Application of C-13-labeled litter and root materials for in situ decomposition studies using phospholipid fatty acids. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2008,40(10):2485-2493.
[38]	ELFSTRAND S, LAGERLOF J, HEDLUND K, MARTENSSON A . Carbon routes from decomposing plant residues and living roots into soil food webs assessed with C-13 labelling. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2008,40(10):2530-2539.
[39]	CONRAD R . Contribution of hydrogen to methane production and control of hydrogen concentrations in methanogenic soils and sediments. Fems Microbiology Ecology, 1999,28(3):193-202. doi: 10.1111/fem.1999.28.issue-3
[40]	NOLL M, MATTHIES D, FRENZEL P, DERAKSHANI M, LIESACK W . Succession of bacterial community structure and diversity in a paddy soil oxygen gradient. Environmental Microbiology, 2005,7(3):382-395. doi: 10.1111/emi.2005.7.issue-3

水稻土 Paddy soil	pH	δ¹³C	有机质 Soil organic matter（g·kg^-1）	全氮 Total N（g·kg^-1）	全磷 Total P（g·kg^-1）	全钾 Total K（g·kg^-1）	C/N
鹰潭红壤性水稻土 Yingtan Red paddy soil	5.1	-27‰	23.74	1.66	0.62	17.10	8.29
常熟乌栅土 Changshu Wushan soil	6.6	-29‰	35.88	2.19	0.96	17.07	9.5

土壤 Soil	相对丰度 Relative abundance (%)	一般细菌 General bacteria	G⁺细菌 G⁺ bacteria	G^-细菌 G^- bacteria	真菌 Fungi	放线菌 Actinomycete
YT	3d	59.98±2.31	15.77±0.56	2.76±0.1	21.43±0.81	0.07±0.02
	9d	62.84±3.5	14.32±0.02	6.26±0.45	16.32±0.13	0.27±0.03
	18d	76.57±3.11	13.05±0.36	0.32±0.02	10.05±0.16	0.01±0.00
	38d	60.27±2.71	28.14±1.6	0.67±0.02	9.82±0.16	1.09±0.07
CS	3d	50.43±1.36	14.59±0.77	8.99±0.34	25.27±1.52	0.72±0.03
	9d	46.56±1.96	27.22±1.37	13.64±0.29	10.88±0.72	1.69±0.19
	18d	54.47±2.75	30.89±1.06	3.58±0.08	8.64±0.2	2.42±0.05
	38d	53.68±1.55	29.81±0.09	4.53±0.07	6.77±0.16	5.21±0.61

两种典型水稻土中秸秆碳转化的微生物过程

Microbial Transformation Process of Straw-Derived C in Two Typical Paddy Soils

RichHTML

PDF

赞

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 9

参考文献 40

相关文章 15

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

[1]	龚小雅,石记博,方凌,方亚鹏,吴凤芝. 淹水对辣椒连作土壤化学性质与微生物群落结构的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(12): 2472-2484.
[2]	邵美琪,赵卫松,苏振贺,董丽红,郭庆港,马平. 盐胁迫下枯草芽孢杆菌NCD-2对番茄促生作用及对土壤微生物群落结构的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(21): 4573-4584.
[3]	任海英,周慧敏,戚行江,郑锡良,俞浙萍,张淑文,王震铄. 多效唑对杨梅土壤微生物及内生群落结构的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(17): 3752-3765.
[4]	刘凯,刘佳,陈晓芬,李委涛,江春玉,吴萌,樊剑波,李忠佩,刘明. 长期施用磷肥水稻土微生物量磷的季节变化特征与差异[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(7): 1411-1418.
[5]	李小磊,张玉军,申凤敏,姜桂英,刘芳,柳开楼,刘世亮. 长期施肥对红壤性水稻土不同土层活性有机质及碳库管理指数的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(6): 1189-1201.
[6]	张梦阳,夏浩,吕波,丛铭,宋文群,姜存仓. 短期生物炭添加对不同类型土壤细菌和氨氧化微生物的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(7): 1260-1271.
[7]	吕真真,刘秀梅,仲金凤,蓝贤瑾,侯红乾,冀建华,冯兆滨,刘益仁. 长期施肥对红壤性水稻土有机碳矿化的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(15): 2636-2645.
[8]	刘玉槐，魏晓梦，魏亮，祝贞科，葛体达，张艳杰，鲁顺保，吴金水. 水稻根际和非根际土磷酸酶活性对碳、磷添加的响应[J]. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(9): 1653-1663.
[9]	彭卫福, 吕伟生, 黄山, 曾勇军, 潘晓华, 石庆华. 土壤肥力对红壤性水稻土水稻产量和氮肥利用效率的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(18): 3614-3624.
[10]	陈晓芬，刘明，江春玉，吴萌，李忠佩. 不同施肥处理红壤性水稻土团聚体有机碳矿化特征[J]. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(17): 3325-3334.
[11]	王小利，郭振，段建军，周志刚，刘彦伶，张雅蓉. 黄壤性水稻土有机碳及其组分对长期施肥的响应及其演变[J]. 中国农业科学, 2017, 50(23): 4593-4601.
[12]	成艳红，黄欠如，武琳，黄尚书，钟义军，孙永明，张昆，章新亮. 稻草覆盖和香根草篱对红壤坡耕地土壤酶活性和微生物群落结构的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2017, 50(23): 4602-4612.
[13]	王蓥燕, 卢圣鄂, 李跃飞, 涂仕华, 张小平, 辜运富. 石灰性紫色水稻土不同土壤深度中厌氧氨氧化细菌对施肥的响应[J]. 中国农业科学, 2017, 50(16): 3155-3163.
[14]	郭芸，孙本华，王颖，魏静，高明霞，张树兰，杨学云. 长期施用不同肥料塿土PLFA指纹特征[J]. 中国农业科学, 2017, 50(1): 94-103.
[15]	樊红柱，陈庆瑞，秦鱼生，陈琨，涂仕华. 长期施肥紫色水稻土磷素累积与迁移特征[J]. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(8): 1520-1529.