耐迟收水稻品种的筛选及其在淹水降镉中的应用

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.17.001

中国农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (17): 3561-3572.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.17.001

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

耐迟收水稻品种的筛选及其在淹水降镉中的应用

曾晓珊¹(),汤国华¹,谢红军¹,朱明东¹,敖和军²,陈博^1,²,李方婷^1,²,郝明³,肖燕¹,符慧荣¹,张健⁴(),余应弘¹()

¹湖南省农业科学院水稻研究所/农业部长江中下游籼稻遗传育种重点实验室,长沙 410125
²湖南农业大学,长沙410128
³怀化职业技术学院,湖南怀化 418099
⁴中国水稻研究所/水稻生物学国家重点实验室,杭州 311400

收稿日期:2021-01-07 接受日期:2021-03-08 出版日期:2021-09-01 发布日期:2021-09-09
通讯作者: 张健,余应弘
作者简介:曾晓珊,E-mail： zengxiaoshan2@163.com。
基金资助:
湖南省农业农村厅财政专项;湖南省农业科技创新资金(2020CX06-01)

Selection of PMS Rice Varieties and Application in Flooding Irrigation for Cadmium Reduction

ZENG XiaoShan¹(),TANG GuoHua¹,XIE HongJun¹,ZHU MingDong¹,AO HeJun²,CHEN Bo^1,²,LI FangTing^1,²,HAO Ming³,XIAO Yan¹,FU HuiRong¹,ZHANG Jian⁴(),YU YingHong¹()

¹Hunan Rice Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Indica Rice Genetics and Breeding in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125
²Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128
³Huaihua Polytechnic College, Huaihua 418099, Hunan
⁴China National Rice Research Institute/State Key Lab of Rice Biology, Hangzhou 311400

Received:2021-01-07 Accepted:2021-03-08 Online:2021-09-01 Published:2021-09-09
Contact: Jian ZHANG,YingHong YU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】随着水稻生产模式机械化、规模化程度的加深,中、晚稻在成熟后,常因天气、收割机械配置、晒场矛盾等引起的不能及时收割问题日益突显,由此造成的产量损失及米质下降也逐渐得到生产者的重视。稻米中镉的积累及其转移至食物链所引起的食品安全问题已成为育种家、生产者的首要关注问题。淹水灌溉可有效降低稻米中镉的含量。推广种植生育期内能耐受持续淹水灌溉的耐迟收（post-maturation sustainability,PMS）水稻品种,可同时解决稻米镉低积累、延时机收的问题。建立科学有效的水稻PMS性状评价体系,并应用该体系开展PMS水稻品种的筛选,为缓解水稻生产上延时收割后产量安全、稻米镉积累安全等生产问题奠定基础。【方法】2018年,在孕穗-黄熟期淹水灌溉条件下,对来自全国的244个品种成熟后植株的倒伏、种子休眠、籽粒落粒等性状进行调查,通过田间观察、数据调查,结合显著性分析,对PMS性状鉴定时间及鉴定值进行鉴定,并对延迟收获后的稻谷碾磨品质、稻米外观品质及糊化温度、胶稠度、直链淀粉含量进行检测。2019年,利用PMS性状鉴定时间及鉴定值,对湖南省推广种植的132个水稻品种进行评价,筛选PMS水稻品种。通过设计孕穗-黄熟期干-湿交替水分管理对照,进行千粒重比较;应用PMS水稻品种开展千亩示范,进行产量及降镉效果检测。【结果】PMS性状评价体系具体为：倒伏的调查时间为成熟后第14天,鉴定值为稻秆与垂直倾斜角度小于45°;落粒性的调查时间为成熟后第7天,鉴定值为小于5.0%;穗发芽率调查时间为成熟后第0天,鉴定值为小于10.0%。2018—2019年共筛选到21个PMS水稻品种。淹水灌溉与干-湿交替灌溉处理间的千粒重差异不显著;千亩示范田中,处理间产量无明显差异;移栽后在孕穗-黄熟期进行淹水管理,稻米镉含量均低于0.20 mg·kg^-1,并显著低于干-湿交替灌溉管理。【结论】根据PMS性状评价体系,筛选获得的PMS水稻品种可经受长期淹水灌溉,成熟后延迟收获时间对产量、米质无明显影响。应用PMS水稻品种,在孕穗-黄熟期结合淹水灌溉,可实现镉中、轻度污染稻田安全生产。

关键词: 水稻, 耐迟收, 淹水灌溉, 安全生产

Abstract:

【Objective】 With the extension of mechanization and large-scale rice production mode, late harvest of rice grains brought by improper weather, conflicts in using mechanics and drying facilities usually gives rise to severe yield loss and quality deterioration, which has been deeply concerned by the farmers and greatly challenged the middle and late rice production in China. On the other hand, cadmium accumulation in rice grains has become a top food safety issue for breeders and producers. Flooding irrigation can effectively reduce cadmium content in rice. This research aims to select PMS (post-maturation sustainability) and low cadmium accumulation rice varieties by continuous flooding irrigation treatment. We expect to establish an effective evaluation system for PMS, select and utilize rice varieties with both PMS and low cadmium accumulation for production and research. 【Method】 Continual flooding irrigation were carried out in the experimental field during booting stage to yellow ripening stage in 2018. The mature plant lodging, seed dormancy and grain shattering of the 244 materials from China were evaluated through field observation and data investigation after ripening. The appraisal time and value of PMS rice varieties were defined using significant analysis. The 1000-grain weight, milling quality, appearance quality, gelatinization temperature, gel consistency and amylose content were tested for PMS rice. In 2019, 132 rice varieties promoting in Hunan were evaluated and identified using the appraisal time and value of post-harvest lodging. 1000-grain-weight were investigated between flooding and dry-wet alternate irrigation. The yield and effect of cadmium accumulation reduction of PMS rice varieties were tested in demonstration paddy field. 【Result】 The threshold for PMS was optimized as follows: lodging resistance is defined as the angle between rice stalk and vertical inclination <45° at the 14th day after maturity; rice shattering <5.0% at 7 days after maturity; and spike germination rate <10.0% at the same day of maturity. 21 PMS rice varieties were obtained in 2019. No significant difference existed in 1000-grain weight between flooding and dry-wet alternate irrigation, and also in yield in demonstration paddy field. The cadmium content of brown rice in flooding irrigation was lower than 0.20 mg·kg ^-1, which is significantly lower than that of dry-wet alternate irrigation management. 【Conclusion】 PMS rice varieties can withstand long-term flooding irrigation. There is no significant effect on yield and quality in delayed harvest after maturity. Application of PMS rice varieties in mild and moderate-level cadmium contaminated paddy, safety production can be realized in combination with flooding irrigation.

Key words: rice, PMS, flooding irrigation, safety production

曾晓珊,汤国华,谢红军,朱明东,敖和军,陈博,李方婷,郝明,肖燕,符慧荣,张健,余应弘. 耐迟收水稻品种的筛选及其在淹水降镉中的应用[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(17): 3561-3572.

ZENG XiaoShan,TANG GuoHua,XIE HongJun,ZHU MingDong,AO HeJun,CHEN Bo,LI FangTing,HAO Ming,XIAO Yan,FU HuiRong,ZHANG Jian,YU YingHong. Selection of PMS Rice Varieties and Application in Flooding Irrigation for Cadmium Reduction[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(17): 3561-3572.

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组别 Group	成熟后天数Days after mature (d)
组别 Group	0	7	14	21
中稻迟熟Late-maturing middle-season (%)	5.75cA	6.68bcB	7.88abA	8.46aA
一季晚稻Single-cropping late rice (%)	4.83bB	7.95aA	7.29aB	7.34aB
晚稻迟熟Late-maturing late rice (%)	5.36bA	6.74abB	7.33aAB	6.31abC
晚稻中熟Middle-maturing late rice (%)	5.42bA	7.14aB	7.51aA	7.35aB
平均Mean (%)	5.34b	7.13a	7.50 a	7.37 a

组别 Group	成熟后天数Days after mature (d)
组别 Group	0	7	14	21
中稻迟熟Late-maturing middle-season (%)	19.95bB	32.11aB	33.15aA	35.40aA
一季晚稻Single-cropping late rice (%)	21.10bB	32.82aA	32.02aB	30.41aD
晚稻迟熟Late-maturing late rice (%)	21.17bB	33.07aA	30.85aC	31.55aC
晚稻中熟Middle-maturing late rice (%)	22.15bA	30.11aC	31.82aB	32.44aB
平均Mean (%)	21.09b	32.03a	31.96a	32.45a

成熟后天数 Days after mature (d)	糙米率 Brown rice rate (%)	精米率 Milled rice rate (%)	整精米率 Head rice rate (%)	长宽比 Length-width ratio	垩白度 Chalkiness (%)	透明度 Transparency	垩白粒率 Chalky grain rate (%)	碱消值 Alkali value	胶稠度 Gel consistency (mm)	直链淀粉含量 Amylase content (%)
0	79.80a	69.91a	53.73a	3.50a	0.78b	1.52a	6.17b	6.15a	74.02a	16.65a
7	79.75a	69.35b	47.37b	3.47a	1.03a	1.45a	7.90a	6.06a	73.07ab	16.57a
14	79.76a	69.26b	47.93b	3.48a	1.16a	1.59a	8.91a	6.06a	71.91bc	16.56a
21	79.43b	68.96b	46.42b	3.47a	1.13a	1.52a	9.04a	6.07a	71.35c	16.63a

组别 Group	干-湿交替Dry-wet (d)				淹水Flooding (d)
组别 Group	0	7	14	21	0	7	14	21
中稻迟熟Late-maturing middle-season (g)	25.38A	25.02B	25.20A	25.60A	24.66B	24.61B	25.20B	24.85B
一季晚稻Single-cropping late rice (g)	23.27B	23.56C	23.80C	23.79B	23.32C	23.59C	23.59C	22.84C
晚稻迟熟Late-maturing late rice (g)	22.53C	21.95D	21.54D	21.78C	22.33D	22.07D	21.63D	21.69D
晚稻中熟Middle-maturing late rice (g)	25.37A	25.46A	24.78B	25.44A	25.80A	26.61A	25.63A	26.41A
平均Mean (g)	24.34	24.32	24.33	24.98	24.25	24.29	24.56	24.56

组别 Group	品种 Variety	最大倾斜度 Max gradient (°)	穗发芽 Pre-harvest sprouting (%)	落粒率 Grain percentage (%)
中稻迟熟 Late-maturing middle-season	两优1316 Liangyou 1316	≤30—45	9.89	0.58
	隆两优1308 Longliangyou 1308	≤30—45	3.56	0.91
	隆两优1813 Longliangyou 1813	<30	6.06	0.69
	隆两优1988 Longliangyou 1988	≤30—45	9.11	3.08
	Y两优800 Yliangyou 800	≤30—45	9.11	0.44
	甬优4949 Yongyou 4949	<30	5.93	0.69
	韵两优332 Yunliangyou 332	≤30—45	9.02	0.63
	Y两优372 Yliangyou 372	≤30—45	9.75	0.04
一季晚稻 Single-cropping late rice	C两优258 C liangyou 258	≤30—45	4.99	5.24
	C两优755 Cliangyou755	≤30—45	3.37	0.25
	金两优华占 Jingliangyouhuazhan	≤30—45	9.15	2.28
	晶两优641 Jingliangyou 641	≤30—45	7.15	1.19
	隆两优1212 Longliangyou 1212	≤30—45	9.43	2.17
	甬优1538 Yongyou 1583	<30	5.11	0.71
	甬优4149 Yongyou 4149	<30	8.25	0.04
	黄华占 Huanghuazhan	≤30—45	7.41	0.27
晚稻迟熟 Late-maturing late rice	玖两优1212 Jiuliangyou 1212	≤30—45	9.13	2.94
晚稻中熟 Middle-maturing late rice	玖两优黄华占 Jiuliangyouhuanghuazhan	≤30—45	6.96	4.17
	桃优香占Taoyouxiangzhan	<30	3.06	3.55
	农香42 Nongxiang 42	<30	7.51	4.30
	板仓粳糯Bancanggengnuo	<30	3.09	0.00

耐迟收水稻品种的筛选及其在淹水降镉中的应用

Selection of PMS Rice Varieties and Application in Flooding Irrigation for Cadmium Reduction

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品种 Variety	灌溉管理 Irrigation management	实测面积 Area (m²)	实收毛谷重量 Grain weight (kg)	实测含水量 Water content (%)	折合产量 Yield (t·hm^-2)
桃优香占 Taoyouxiangzhan	干-湿交替Dry-wet	479.78	364.10	22.77	6.78
桃优香占 Taoyouxiangzhan	淹水Flooding	572.70	472.60	24.57	7.20 NS
玖两优黄华占 Jiuliangyouhuanghuazhan	干-湿交替Dry-wet	579.80	506.80	22.23	7.76
玖两优黄华占 Jiuliangyouhuanghuazhan	淹水Flooding	470.29	409.10	24.83	7.56NS

地点 Site	土壤pH Soil pH	土壤镉含量 Soil cadmium content (mg·kg^-1)	播种期 Seeding time (M/D)	品种 Variety	灌溉管理 Irrigation management
地点 Site	土壤pH Soil pH	土壤镉含量 Soil cadmium content (mg·kg^-1)	播种期 Seeding time (M/D)	品种 Variety	淹水Flooding	干-湿交替Dry-wet
双江口镇 Shuangjiangkou	5.3—6.9	0.21—0.46	06/04	桃优香占Taoyouxiangzhan	0.05*	0.33
				玖两优黄华占Jiuliangyouhuanghuazhan	0.01**	0.26
				农香42 NongXiang42	0.09*	0.79
新市镇 Xinshi	5.0—5.2	0.35—0.41	06/20	桃优香占Taoyouxiangzhan	0.06*	0.49
				玖两优黄华占Jiuliangyouhuanghuazhan	0.03**	0.49
				农香42Nongxiang42	0.05*	0.35
青山桥镇 Qingshanqiao	5.0—6.6	0.40—0.62	06/10	桃优香占Taoyouxiangzhan	<0.01**	0.34
				玖两优黄华占Jiuliangyouhuanghuazhan	<0.01**	0.33
				农香42 Nongxiang42	<0.01**	0.44

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