不同镁供应浓度对油菜苗期生长和生理特性的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.15.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】阐明不同的镁供应对油菜生长的影响,为油菜科学施用镁肥提供理论依据。【方法】通过水培试验设置了12个镁供应浓度,对比不同供镁浓度对油菜苗期生长、养分积累、光合特性、同化物运输及离子平衡等的影响,分析适宜油菜生长的镁临界浓度。【结果】随着镁供应浓度的增加,油菜地上部生物量呈现先增加后降低的趋势,当供镁浓度在1.0 mmol·L^-1时,地上部生物量最大,以最大生物量的95%为标准,确定了水培条件下,满足油菜苗期生长的适宜地上部镁含量为0.4%—0.7%。适宜的镁营养供应可以促进油菜地上部和根系的生长;供镁不足显著降低了叶片净光合速率、Rubisco酶活性、表观光合电子传递速率和最大羧化速率等生理功能,抑制叶片糖类物质的转运和植株生长;供镁浓度过高会破坏钾、钙与镁离子平衡,显著降低叶片钾含量和钙含量,进而限制油菜的生长。【结论】适宜的镁营养能增加叶片同化物的合成、促进光合产物的运输与分配、保障离子平衡,进而促进油菜的生长,这对保障油菜产量具有重要意义。

关键词: 油菜, 镁营养, 生物量, 同化物合成与运输, 离子平衡

Abstract:

【Objective】 Revealing the effects of different magnesium (Mg) supplies on the growth of oilseed rape, and providing a theoretical basis for the scientific application of magnesium fertilizer. 【Method】 Hydroponic experiments with 12 contrasting Mg supplies were conducted to evaluate the effects of different Mg supplies on growth, nutrient accumulation, photosynthetic characteristics, assimilate transport, and ion homeostasis of oilseed rape seedlings, and the critical Mg concentration was established, which was suitable for rapeseed growth. 【Result】 With the increasing Mg supplies, the rapeseed shoot biomass initially increased and then peaked at a concentration of 1.0 mmol·L^-1, and finally decreased when solution Mg continuous to increase. Here a biomass-based Mg concentration threshold where the relative biomass researched 95% of the maximum biomass was defined. It was indicated that the shoot Mg concentration of 0.4%-0.7% was suitable for rapeseed growth under hydroponic condition. Appropriate Mg nutrient supply promoted the growth of shoot and root of oilseed rape. Mg deficiency significantly decreased the leaf net photosynthesis rate, Rubisco enzyme activity, apparent electron transfer rate and maximum carboxylation rate, etc., and inhibited leaf carbohydrate transport and plant growth. Excessive Mg supply disturbed the potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and Mg balance, which ultimately reduced the leaf K and Ca uptake and limited the growth of oilseed rape. 【Conclusion】 Overall, the proper Mg nutrition increased the synthesis of photoassimilates, promoted the transportation and distribution of carbohydrates, ensured ion homeostasis, and in turn, promoted the growth of oilseed rape and seed yield.

Key words: oilseed rape, Mg nutrition, biomass, assimilate synthesis and transportation, ion homeostasis

王鲲娇,任涛,陆志峰,鲁剑巍. 不同镁供应浓度对油菜苗期生长和生理特性的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(15): 3198-3206.

WANG KunJiao,REN Tao,LU ZhiFeng,LU JianWei. Effects of Different Magnesium Supplies on the Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Oilseed Rape in Seeding Stage[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(15): 3198-3206.

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植株部位 Each part of the plant		镁缺乏 Mg lack	镁适宜 Mg optimum	镁过量 Mg excess
地上部 Shoot	镁浓度 Mg_c(%)	0.08±0.01c	0.58±0.01b	0.82±0.03a
	钙浓度 Ca_c (%)	3.38±0.49a	2.94±0.47b	2.63±0.53c
	钾浓度 K_c (%)	4.61±0.80a	5.48±0.99a	5.00±0.77a
新叶 NL	镁浓度 Mg_c (%)	0.10±0.01c	0.55±0.03b	0.78±0.07a
	钙浓度 Ca_c (%)	3.14±0.16a	2.52±0.08b	2.51±0.05b
	钾浓度 K_c (%)	5.56±0.28a	5.08±0.04b	4.47±0.24c
老叶 OL	镁浓度 Mg_c (%)	0.06±0.01c	0.66±0.04b	0.97±0.07a
	钙浓度 Ca_c (%)	3.44±0.17b	5.04±0.16a	3.33±0.02b
	钾浓度 Kc (%)	4.32±0.25c	7.74±0.28a	6.22±0.36b

表型特征 Phenotype	镁缺乏 Mg lack 0.10	镁适宜 Mg optimum 1.00
根生物量 BM_root(g/plant)	0.11±0.01b	0.33±0.05a
根平均直径 Root avgdiam (mm)	0.58±0.04b	0.78±0.10a
根长 Root length (cm)	877±121b	1121±169a
根尖数 Root tips	627±92b	948±177a
叶面积 LA (cm²)	504±7b	842±12a
地上部生物量 BM_shoot(g/plant)	1.51±0.05b	2.19±0.07a

供镁浓度 Magnesium supplies concentration (mmol·L^-1)	表型 Phenotype	叶位Leaf position
供镁浓度 Magnesium supplies concentration (mmol·L^-1)	表型 Phenotype	1 (下lower)	2	3	4	5	6	7 (上upper)
缺乏Lack 0.10	镁浓度 Mg_c(%)	0.13±0.01*	0.16±0.01*	0.16±0.01*	0.24±0.01*	0.28±0.02*	0.33±0.04*	—
	叶面积 LA (cm²)	51±5*	87±3*	91±4*	104±4*	104±5*	66±5*	—
	叶片生物量 BM_leaf(g DW/plant)	0.26±0.03	0.28±0.01*	0.30±0.02*	0.29±0.02*	0.25±0.02*	0.14±0.01*	—
	比叶重 LMA (mg·cm^-2)	2.8±0.4*	2.9±0.3*	3.2±0.3*	2.8±0.1	2.7±0.1	3.9±0.3	—
	淀粉浓度 Starch_c(%)	4.1±0.2*	7.9±0.3*	8.2±0.1*	5.3±0.2*	4.7±0.2*	3.3±0.0*	—
	蔗糖浓度 Sugar_c(%)	6.1±0.3*	5.1±0.3*	4.7±0.1*	3.2±0.1*	2.4±0.1*	3.3±0.1*	—
适宜Optimum 1.00	镁浓度 Mg_c(%)	1.30±0.03	1.35±0.05	1.27±0.09	0.98±0.03	1.08±0.04	1.07±0.04	0.93±0.03
	叶面积 LA (cm²)	113±12	155±4	160±4	139±5	126±4	93±4	56±2
	叶片生物量 BM_leaf(g DW/plant)	0.27±0.01	0.32±0.01	0.38±0.01	0.42±0.03	0.33±0.02	0.30±0.02	0.17±0.02
	比叶重 LMA (mg·cm^-2)	1.5±0.2	1.9±0.1	2.1±0.2	3.1±0.3	3.0±0.2	3.5±0.1	4.9±0.3
	淀粉浓度 Starch_c(%)	1.5±0.0	2.2±0.1	1.9±0.0	2.5±0.1	2.7±0.1	3.0±0.1	2.1±0.1
	蔗糖浓度 Sugar_c(%)	3.3±0.1	1.8±0.2	3.2±0.0	7.4±0.1	4.5±0.1	6.4±0.1	11.5±0.6

生理生化指标 Physiological and biochemical indexes	上层叶片 Upper leaf		下层叶片 Lower leaf
生理生化指标 Physiological and biochemical indexes	镁缺乏 Mg lack	镁适宜Mg optimum	镁缺乏 Mg lack	镁适宜Mg optimum
净光合速率 A (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	12.2±1.3b	16.4±1.4a	6.8±1.1b	16.6±1.8a
气孔导度 g_s	0.14±0.02a	0.13±0.02a	0.08±0.03b	0.17±0.02a
胞间CO₂浓度 C_i	246±8a	189±12b	285±11a	248±8b
叶绿素a含量 Chl a (mg·g^-1 FW)	0.10±0.01b	0.76±0.06a	0.09±0.01b	0.49±0.04a
叶绿素b含量 Chl b (mg·g^-1 FW)	0.10±0.01b	0.36±0.03a	0.07±0.01b	0.18±0.02a
叶绿素含量 Chl a+b (mg·g^-1 FW)	0.20±0.01b	1.12±0.08a	0.16±0.02b	0.67±0.05a
实际光化学量子效率 Φ_PSII	0.24±0.02b	0.29±0.02a	0.17±0.02b	0.24±0.02a
表观光合电子传递速率 ETR	122±9b	147±9a	85±9b	123±12a
Rubisco酶活性 Rubisco activity (U·g^-1 FW)	228±10b	908±23a	99±6b	298±5a
最大羧化效率 V_cmax	19.66±2.84b	33.03±1.38a	16.20±2.37b	35.76±2.33a
最大电子传递速率 J_max	18.27±2.72b	41.45±0.96a	16.01±2.20b	38.84±3.43a