光谱对水稻灌浆期剑叶光合及叶绿素荧光特性的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.16.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探讨光谱对水稻剑叶光合及叶绿素荧光特性的影响。【方法】以华粳5号为材料,采用660 nm（R660）和630 nm（R630）的红光及460 nm（B460）和440 nm（B440）的蓝光分别与专用植物灯（W）组成不同光谱,设R660+W、R630+W、B460+W及B440+W 4种光谱处理,于水稻灌浆期测定剑叶光合特性及叶绿素荧光特性。【结果】蓝光能提高水稻剑叶的最大光化学效率（F_v/F_m）、实际光化学效率（ΦPSⅡ）、电子传递速率（ETR）、非光化学猝灭系数（NPQ）和光化学猝灭系数（qP）;灌浆后期,B460+W处理水稻剑叶的净光合速率显著高于红光处理,R660+W处理的单位面积穗数最多,B460+W处理的千粒重和结实率高于其他处理。光响应曲线拟合表明,B460+W处理能提高水稻剑叶的最大净光合速率（Pn_max）、光响应曲线初始斜率（α）、暗呼吸量子效率、补偿点量子效率、捕光色素分子的本征光能吸收截面（σ_ik）和捕光色素分子数（N_o）。【结论】B460+W处理能改善水稻剑叶光系统Ⅱ的性能,使其在灌浆后期维持一个较高的水平,进而促进干物质积累,最终提高千粒重和结实率,即在白光背景中添加460 nm蓝光是人工环境水稻栽培灌浆期的适宜光谱。

关键词: 光谱, 光响应拟合, 水稻, 千粒重, 荧光参数, 光系统Ⅱ

Abstract:

【Objectives】 The study was aimed to explore the effects of different spectra on the photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of flag leaves in rice at grain filling stage. 【Method】 The rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Huageng 5) was planted under four different light conditions, including red light of 660 nm (R660) and 630 nm (R630), blue light of 460 nm (B460) and 440 nm (B440) combined with a special plant lamp (W), and the photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of rice leaves were determined at grain filling stage. 【Result】 Compared with red light (R660+W and R630+W), blue light (B460+W and B440+W) could increase the maximum photochemistry efficiency (F_v/F_m), actual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSⅡ), electron transfer efficiency (ETR), non-photochemistry quenching (NPQ) and photochemical quenching (qP). The net photosynthetic rate in the late stage of grain filling under B460+W was higher than that under red light. Compared to those of other treatments, the panicles per unit area under R660+W were the greatest, but the 1000-grain weight and seed setting rate were both higher under B460+W. In addition, B460+W also increased the maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pn_max), initial slope of light response curve (α), quantum efficiency of dark respiration, compensation point quantum efficiency, eigen-absorption cross-section of photosynthetic pigment molecule (σ_ik) and number of light-harvesting pigment molecule (N_o). 【Conclusion】 The stable in photosynthetic rate of flag leaves under the addition of 460 nm blue light conditions was mainly attributed to increase ФPSII, contributing to accumulate dry matter, finally improved the 1000-grain weight and seed setting rate of rice.

Key words: spectral distribution, fitting of light response curve, rice 1000-grain weight, fluorescence parameter, photosystems II

李江鹏,刘海俊,黄志午,刘晓英,尤杰,徐志刚. 光谱对水稻灌浆期剑叶光合及叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(16): 2768-2775.

LI JiangPeng,LIU HaiJun,HUANG ZhiWu,LIU XiaoYing,YOU Jie,XU ZhiGang. Effects of Spectral Distribution on Photosynthetic and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics of Flag Leaves at Grain Filling Stage in Rice[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(16): 2768-2775.

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处理 Treatment	穗数 Spike number (m^-2)	穗粒数 Grain number per spike	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	结实率 Seed setting rate (%)	产量 Yield (kg·m^-2)
R660	129.38±9.31a	42.6±2.58a	28.6±0.10a	90.23±0.22c	0.142
R630	106.99±4.98b	36.8±3.02a	28.0±0.20b	93.68±0.29a	0.103
B460	104.50±3.05b	41.3±2.58a	28.9±0.12a	94.57±0.33a	0.118
B440	114.45±7.25ab	41.8±2.94a	27.9±0.12b	92.79±0.34b	0.124

光合参数 Photosynthesis parameter	处理 Treatment
光合参数 Photosynthesis parameter	R660	R630	B460	B440
光响应曲线初始斜率 Initial slope of light response curve, α, mol·mol^-1 (×10^-2)	4.73	4.14	5.81	3.03
光抑制项 Photo-inhibition term, β, (m²·s)/天线色素分子^-1 (×10^-5)	5.75	5.23	6.65	13.5
光饱和项 Photo-saturation term, γ, (m²·s)/天线色素分子^-1 (×10^-3)	1.90	1.70	1.50	0.90
暗呼吸的量子效率 Quantum efficiency of dark respiration (×10^-2)	5.03	4.44	6.16	3.22
补偿点的量子效率 Compensation point quantum efficiency (×10^-2)	4.45	3.86	5.48	2.85
捕光色素分子的本征光能吸收截面 Eigen-absorption cross-section of photosynthetic pigment molecule, σ_ik, m² (×10^-20)	4.25	3.49	4.86	3.46
捕光色素分子数 Number of light-harvesting pigment molecule (N_o) (×10¹⁴)	5.89	6.28	6.33	4.63

指标Index	R660	R630	B460	B440
最大光化学效率F_v/F_m	0.811±0.002b	0.814±0.001ab	0.819±0.002a	0.818±0.002aa
光下最大光化学效率F_v'/F_m'	0.591±0.025aa	0.608±0.018a	0.555±0.005a	0.591±0.010a
实际光化学效率ΦPSⅡⅡ	0.436±0.023ab	0.406±0.010b	0.434±0.003ab	0.469±0.009a
电子传递速率ETR	124.17±6.66abab	115.18±2.95b	123.41±0.89ab	133.17±2.72a
非光化学淬灭NPQ	0.805±0.117bb	1.030±0.150ab	1.238±0.056a	1.008±0.049ab
1-qP	0.263±0.014bb	0.328±0.031a	0.217±0.008bc	0.208±0.006c
光化学淬灭系数qP	0.737±0.014bb	0.672±0.031c	0.783±0.008abb	0.792±0.006a